Biology Assignment: Nervous System, Neurons, Brain, and Limbic System

This biology assignment explores the nervous system, a crucial component of the body responsible for communication and regulation. The assignment delves into the structure and function of neurons, the fundamental units of the nervous system, including their role in transmitting impulses. It also covers the somatic and autonomic nervous systems, which control voluntary and involuntary functions, respectively. The assignment examines the brain, including the hindbrain (pons, medulla, cerebellum, and reticular formation), and the limbic system, which is involved in emotions. The assignment also touches upon the endocrine system. This assignment provides a comprehensive overview of the nervous system and its various components, offering a deeper understanding of its functions and importance in maintaining homeostasis. The content is useful for students to understand the fundamental concepts related to nervous and endocrine systems and their functions.

LESSON 2: BIOLOGY
AND PSYCHOLOGY
September 5-9, 2022

The nervous system is the major
controlling, regulatory, and communicating
system in the body. It is the center of all
mental activity including thought, learning,
and memory. Together with the endocrine
system, the nervous system is responsible
for regulating and maintaining
homeostasis.
Nervous system

Neurons are specialized cells of the
nervous system that conduct impulses. It
receive “messages” from a number of
sources such as light, other neurons, and
pressure on the skin, and they can pass
these messages along in a complex
biological dance.
NEURONS

Each neuron has an axon that extends like a
trunk from the cell body. Axons are very thin,
but those that carry messages from the toes to
the spinal cord extend several feet in length—
even though they remain microscopic
The axons of many neurons are wrapped t
with white, fatty myelin that makes them l
like strings of sausages under the microsc

The somatic nervous system cont
sensory (afferent) and motor
(efferent) neurons. It transmits
messages about sights, sounds,
smells, temperature, body positio
and so on, to the central nervous
system.
SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

LOBES OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX

The pons transmits information about body
movement and is involved in functions
related to attention, sleep and arousal, and
respiration.
The medulla regulates basic functions such
as heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration.
The medulla also plays roles in sleeping,
sneezing, and coughing.
HINDBRAIN

The cerebellum allows you to place one leg
in front of the other and reach your
destination without tipping over. Injury to the
cerebellum may impair motor coordination
and cause stumbling and loss of muscle tone.
The reticular formation is a system of
nerves running from the hindbrain through
the midbrain to the cerebral cortex,
controlling arousal and attention.
HINDBRAIN

The limbic system is a set of brain structures that plays
role in emotions, particularly those that evolved early an
which play an important role in survival.
Hypothalamus- part of the brain that
regulates the amount of fear, thirst,
sexual drive and agresión that we feel.
Amygdala- help the body process
emotion
THE LIMBIC SYSTEM

THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM