A Detailed Report on Biometrics-Based Human Identification Systems

This report examines the growing significance of biometrics in human identification, focusing on its application across various organizations. It provides an overview of biometric systems, which utilize unique biological traits like fingerprints, eye retinas, and facial features for identification. The report ...Read More

Biometrics- Based Human
Identification

Abstract
This report is going to show the increasing importance of biometrics system which are
being used by different organization. Biometric system is an effective system and a procedure of
comparing data and informations about a person in order to identify them. There are different
types of system that work on unique biological traits like finger print, eye retina, face etc.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract........................................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
Classification of approaches........................................................................................................4
Description of different approaches.............................................................................................4
Challenges or performance variations.........................................................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Biometric is an effective pattern recognition system that is being used by many
organizations in order to recognize users and employees. Due to increment in technologies and
using of advanced technology, most of the companies prefer to use this type of system for
consuming their time and making effective payroll (Jain and Ross, 2015). The main purpose of
using this is to focus on unique identity. It is a type of artificial intelligence that works and thinks
like humans like speech recognition, learning, problem solving etc.
Significance: By making an effective use of this system they can solve several problems
like theft of data, making an effective payroll etc. other main importance is it eliminates the use
of password all the time.
Problems: In the context of problems, it is stated that these systems are not 100%
accurate and requires additional hardware. Public acceptance is called other main challenge
because they feel that it can lead to invasion of their privacy.
Organization: CSL is a public biotechnological company that operates globally and
make an effective use of biometric system. It researches, develops and markets products in order
to treat serious medical conditions.
Classification of approaches
There are several biometrics authentication techniques that are based on different types of
artificial intelligence. It includes Retina scanner, finger print scanner, iris, face recognition, DNA
etc. Some popular types are facial, eye and finger scanner (Oloyede and Hancke, 2016). CSL
Limited makes payroll for employees on the basis of this system and can increase their
punctuality skills. It helps them to the great extent in their performance level also.
Description of different approaches
Different approaches of biometric system on different artificial types that are being used
by CSL Limited company and other companies are described as follows:
Facial scanner: Facial recognition type of system identify a person and employees by
comparing patterns based on their facial contours. It is used by companies for security purpose.
This type of system mainly works on the different node points on a human face (A multinational
bio-metric system, 2015). This system use data which are being captured from faces and identify

them. By using biometric and facial scanner, company can recognize actual working hours of
employees and help them out in making payroll effectively.
The main reason and advantage of using this recognition technique is it is cheap as
compared to other techniques. It is non intrusive as it has high social acceptability.
Finger print scanner:
It is also an important and usable type of identifying on a person based on comparison of
2 fingerprints. The main reason of CSL limited of using this is, fingerprints patterns of a person
remain same throughout of his/her life. In this system, capacitive sensors that obtain pixel value
based on the capacitance of person finger print characteristics are being used to detect changes.
By making an effective use, companies can protect themselves from theft of data which
employees save in their computer. It also becomes easy for companies to check their employees
working hours and hours of break. On this basis they can make payroll effectively by reviewing
their actual working as well as break time. It also makes them punctual which can increase their
productivity as if they do not take extra break and come on the time.
Illustration 1: Face recognizer

There are several reason of using this system includes: This type of system also have high
accuracy and most usable authentication technique. It does not take too much time and easy to
use as it is standardize.
Eye scanner:
In the context of eye or iris scanner it is said that blood vessels within the retina absorb
light more effectively and readily than the surrounding tissues. Retinal scanner captures
individuals' retinal image and identifies unique features of the network of retinal blood vessels
(Multi modal Bio metrics for Enhanced Mobile Device Security, 2016). It is highly accurate
device and type and it is the reason of companies of using this. There is only one problem that
people do not accept this easily because it has chances and can lead to health disease related to
eye. 2 different person can not have similar eye patterns and characteristics, so there is no risk in
this type of system.
Illustration 2: Finger print recognizer

It has several advantages and are some reason why companies use this system includes: It
has high accuracy and there is no other and known way to replicate a retina. No need to take
extra precautions to be sure that specific user is a living human being.
So, it can be said that by using all types of biometric system, companies can prevent them
from theft of data and also solve problems related to calculating wages and payroll of employees
on the basis of reviewing total working hours.
Challenges or performance variations
There are some challenges and problems occur in each type of scanner which is being described
as follows:
In the type of facial scanner, it becomes difficult to recognize users when person cuts
their hair, grow beard, make changes in the line of their eyebrow. Environmental factors like
condition of light, photo taken from low quality model of camera can also increase the risk of
errors (Matsuda and et.al., 2016).
In the second finger print type of scanner, companies find difficulties in winter season
because low temperature lead leads to fry finger. When female candidate apply Heena on their
hand and finger and due to injured finger also they face problem in recognizing.
Illustration 3: Iris recognizer

It is stated that eye recognition scanner might be more expensive then other type. It take
too much time as compare to other. It can lead to serious health risk to the eye as it take several
attempts to get the actual results.
Biometric technology Accuracy Cost Social acceptability
Facial recognition Medium-low Medium High
Eye or Iris recognition High High Medium-low
Finger print High Medium Medium
CONCLUSION
From the above study it has been summarized that biometrics played a vital role in
organization as it helped them in recognizing human identity. There are several types and
approaches that are based on artificial intelligence system like eye recognizer, finger print
recognizer etc. It has also shown importance and limitations of each system which is being used
by organization. Companies faced some challenges and performance variations by using
different types of system.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals:
Jain, A.K. and Ross, A., 2015. Bridging the gap: from biometrics to forensics. Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 370(1674). p.20140254.
Available through : <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4580999>.
Matsuda, Y. and et.al., 2016. Finger-vein authentication based on deformation-tolerant feature-
point matching. Machine Vision and Applications. 27(2). pp.237-250.
Available through: <https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00138-015-0745-3>
Oloyede, M.O. and Hancke, G.P., 2016. Unimodal and multimodal biometric sensing systems: a
review. IEEE Access. 4. pp.7532-7555.
Available through:< https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7580649>
Online
A multinational bio-metric system. 2015. [Online]. Available through :
<https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a415/ffce93c778a7e8b11c6b20f9c7c568511829.pdf>.
Multi modal Bio metrics for Enhanced Mobile Device Security. 2016. [Online]. Available
through :
<https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/fc45/755e8d742b58480646d549326eddeadef69f.pdf>.