Bioscience 1 Assessment 2 (Part B): Short Answer Questions, 2019

This Bioscience 1 Assessment 2 (Part B) assignment delves into the components and conduction pathway of the cardiac conduction system, explaining how electrical impulses initiate and transmit through the heart, and relating this to the sequence of heart chamber contractions. The assignment also addresses vitamin B12, including its food sources, functions in the body, and the consequences of deficiency in both pregnant and non-pregnant individuals, as well as identifying groups at risk. The assignment also includes a feedback review section on a previous assignment, highlighting the importance of referencing and paraphrasing, and includes a reference list using APA 6th edition style. The student provides answers to short answer questions, ensuring complete sentences and in-text references, as well as a reference list at the end of the document.

Bioscience 1 Assessment 2 (Part B)
Do NOT delete any part of the template
Due Monday 6th May 2019, midnight
Student Name:
Student ID:
Task 1- Feedback review on Part A
This activity is to be completed and submitted as part of Assessment 2 (Part B).
This activity should bring to your attention the importance of referencing and
paraphrasing and help to improve your marks awarded for Academic Style and
Referencing.
Use your submitted Assessment 2 (Part A) when considering the following
questions. Please highlight or underline your chosen answer.
a) Did you include in-text references in your answer and a reference list at the end?
a) Yes
b) No
b) What is the purpose of including in-text references and a reference list in an
assessment?
a) Provide evidence for the source of the information
b) Allows information to be included without paraphrasing
c) Permits information to be directly copied without rewriting
c) What is the purpose of submitting your assessment through Turnitin?
a) Allows you to identify material that needs to be referenced
b) Allows you to identify material that needs to be paraphrased
c) Allows you to identify incorrect information that should be removed
d) Which of the following Turnitin similarity percentages best represents an
assessment that has been well paraphrased?
a) 80-95%
b) 50-60%
c) 10-30%
Make sure you include in-text references in every answer and check your Turnitin
similarity % at least three days before the due date so you have time to paraphrase
your answers.

Bioscience 1 Assessment 2 (Part B)
Task 2- Short answer questions.
Note: Answers must be in complete sentences and include in-text references
Answer the following questions:
Question 2-
Describe the components and conduction pathway of the cardiac conduction
system of the heart. (200 words, 5 marks)
Answer: Cardiac conduction can be defined as the rate at which electrical impulses are
conducted by the heart (Peate & Nair, 2015). The cardiac conduction system of heart
consists of 5 elements such as the Sino-arterial node (SA node) located in the right
arterial wall, and initiates the electrical impulse (Peate & Nair, 2015). The impulse
reaches the atrioventricular (AV), on the right side of the interventricular septum (Here
the impulse is delayed by tenth of one second) (Peate & Nair, 2015). The electrical
conduction is transmitted from the AV node to the point of the apex by the help of Bundle
of His. The action potential gets conducted from the atria to the ventricles (Peate & Nair,
2015). The electrical impulses within the ventricles of the heart are transmitted by left and
right bundle branches that are specialised impulse conducting fibres. After leaving the
Bundle of His, the wave of cardiac impulse then spreads to the Purkinje fibres that make
up the branches of the left and the right bundle (Marieb, 2018). These branches carry
electrical impulse to the apical region of both the left and the right ventricles (Marieb,
2018). Finally, the signal travels broadly through the remainder of the Purkinje fibre
causing a synchronise contraction of the ventricles (Marieb, 2018).
Relate the conduction system to the corresponding sequence of heart chamber
contractions. (200 words, 5 marks)

Bioscience 1 Assessment 2 (Part B)
Answer: The initial step of the cardiac conduction is the generation of the impulse. At the
time of diastole, the atria and the ventricles are relaxed causing the deoxygenated blood
from the inferior vena cava and superior vena cava to enter the right atrium (Peate &
Nair, 2015). With the contraction of the SA node, the cardiac impulses travels through the
heart wall causing both the arteries to contract (Marieb, 2018). The atria contract and
empty their content in to the ventricles before the contraction of the ventricles (Marieb,
2018).During the first systole phase the right ventricle receives impulse from the Purkinje
fibres and contraction takes place. The semilunar valves open and the deoxygenated
blood is pumped in to the pulmonary artery, which carrier back the blood back in to the
lungs for gaseous exchange (Peate & Nair, 2015). In the second diastole phase
semilunar valves close and he arterioventricular valves open and blood rushes in to the
left atrium by the pulmonary veins. The contraction of SA node takes place, the arteries
contract and empties the content in to the left ventricle. During the second systole
phase, the atrioventricular valves close and semilunar valves open (Peate & Nair, 2015).
The impulse reaches left ventricles from the Purkinje fibre and the ventricles contract and
oxygenated blood is pumped into aorta and the aorta branches out to supply blood to all
the body parts (Peate & Nair, 2015).

Bioscience 1 Assessment 2 (Part B)
Question 3- Vitamin B12 is an essential nutrient that is important for normal
development and health. Please answer the following:
a) Name two food sources high in vitamin B12 (20 words; 0.5 mark)
Answer:
Animal liver and fortified foods (Medline Plus, 2019).
The lamb liver is higher in vitamin B12 than beef or veal liver (National Institutes of
Health - The Office of Dietary Supplements, 2011).
b) Describe the functions of vitamin B12 in the body (60 words; 1.5 marks)
Answer: Vitamin B12 helps in the normal functioning of the brain and the synthesis
of the red blood cells (Green et al., 2015). It helps in the prevention of a type of
anaemia called the megaloblastic anaemia making people tired and weak. One of
the vitamin B 12 complex helps to convert glucose in to energy and has a role in
nerve activities (Green et al., 2015).

Bioscience 1 Assessment 2 (Part B)
c) Describe the possible consequences to the body if there is a deficiency in
vitamin B12 in pregnant and non-pregnant individuals (80 words; 2 marks)
Answer: Deficiency of vitamin B 12 in pregnant woman might lead to the
premature birth and miscarriage and increases the chance of neural tube defects
like spina bifida, that causing partial paralysis and anencephaly , a fatal condition
in which the brain and the skull is severely underdeveloped (National Institutes of
Health - The Office of Dietary Supplements, 2011).
In non- pregnant women, vitamin B 12 deficiency might cause a reduction
in the formation of the red blood cell and prevents them from growing properly and
in the synthesis of fatty acids and the production of energy (Finkelstein, Layden &
Stover, 2015).
Name one group of people that is more likely to be at risk of becoming
deficient in vitamin B12 and why. (40 words; 1 mark)
Answer: Vegans, who does not eat dairy, milk, egg and meat are at the risk of
developing Vitamin B-12 deficiency because, vegans only have to rely on fortified
cereals and a large part of vitamin B-12 comes from animal products (Medline Plus,
2019).
.

Bioscience 1 Assessment 2 (Part B)
References
Boore, J., Cook, N., & Shepherd, A. (2016). Essentials of anatomy and physiology for
nursing practice. Sage. Retrieved from Retrieved from
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com
Finkelstein, J. L., Layden, A. J., & Stover, P. J. (2015). Vitamin B-12 and perinatal
health. Advances in Nutrition, 6(5), 552-563.
https://doi.org/10.3945/an.115.008201
Green, R., Allen, L. H., Bjørke-Monsen, A. L., Brito, A., Guéant, J. L., Miller, J. W., ... &
Ueland, P. M. (2017). Vitamin B 12 deficiency. Nature reviews Disease primers, 3,
17040. https://doi.org/10.3945/an.115.012021
Marieb, E. N. (2018). Human anatomy & physiology, global edition. Retrieved from
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com
Medline Plus. (2019). Vitamin B12. Access date: 1.5.2019.Retrieved from:
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002403.html
National Institutes of Health - The Office of Dietary Supplements. (2011). Vitamin B12
fact sheet for consumers. Access date: 1.5.(2019). Retrieved from
https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-Consumer/
Peate, I., & Nair, M. (2015). Anatomy and Physiology for Nurses at a Glance. John Wiley
& Sons. Retrieved from http://ebookcentral.proquest.com
Scanlon, V. C., & Sanders, T. (2018). Essentials of anatomy and physiology. FA Davis.
Retrieved from;; https://books.google.co.in/books?
hl=en&lr=&id=hXR0DwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR1&dq=anatomy+and+physiology+
of+heart&ots=LtxqNyq3JX&sig=F-

Bioscience 1 Assessment 2 (Part B)
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