PUBH620 Biostatistics Assessment Task 1: Data Analysis Report

This document presents a biostatistics assignment analyzing a dataset from the Longitudinal Survey of ACU Student Health and Wellbeing. The assignment, focusing on baseline and follow-up data, explores various aspects of student health, including road traffic accidents, depression, and obesity. The analysis includes descriptive statistics of age, gender, living arrangements, faculty, degree type, study mode, fee status, and metropolitan status. It also involves t-tests to compare means of aggression, thrill-seeking, and risk acceptance across different demographic groups and study modes, in addition to regression analysis to identify factors influencing road traffic accidents and depression. The assignment provides detailed SPSS output, interpretations, and statistical conclusions to address specific research questions related to public health.

Running head: BIOSTATISTICS
Biostatistics
Name of the student
Name of the university
Author note

2BIOSTATISTICS
Table of Contents
Answer 1....................................................................................................................................3
Answer 2....................................................................................................................................4
Answer 3....................................................................................................................................9
Answer 4..................................................................................................................................12
Answer 5..................................................................................................................................15
Answer 6..................................................................................................................................15

3BIOSTATISTICS
Answer 1
Answer a
Statistics of age summary
Statistics
AGE
N Valid 38681
Missing 0
Mean 20.50
Std. Deviation 4.888
Minimum 16
Maximum 59
Age
Table 1 values of age
N Valid 38681
Missing 0
Mean 20.50
Std. Deviation 4.888
Minimum 16
Maximum 59
From the above table, the mean age has been found to be 20.50 years. The standard deviation
of the age of the students is 4.888. The maximum age of the student is found to be 59 years
whereas the youngest one is 16 years old.
Answer b
Statistics
Age_category
N Valid 32800
Missing 5881

4BIOSTATISTICS
Table 2 : Age groups frequency
Age_category
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid 18 years 11879 30.7 36.2 36.2
19-21 years 11672 30.2 35.6 71.8
22-25 years 5494 14.2 16.8 88.6
26 years or more 3755 9.7 11.4 100.0
Total 32800 84.8 100.0
Missing System 5881 15.2
Total 38681 100.0
The following table shows the age of the students are grouped in 4 types. The table also
shows that 30.7 percent of the students are 18 years old which is also equal to 11879. 30.2
percent of the students are between 19 to 21 years old and 5494 of the total students are
between the age group of 22 to 25 years old which is also equal to 14.2 percent. Lastly, 9.7
percent of the students are more than 26 years old.
Answer 2
Table 3: Frequency statistics
cohort
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid 2005 3259 8.4 8.4 8.4
2006 3615 9.3 9.3 17.8
2007 3944 10.2 10.2 28.0
2008 4086 10.6 10.6 38.5
2009 5010 13.0 13.0 51.5
2010 5687 14.7 14.7 66.2
2011 6383 16.5 16.5 82.7
2012 6697 17.3 17.3 100.0

5BIOSTATISTICS
Total 38681 100.0 100.0
The above table shows that the maximum number of students took admission in the
university in the year 2012 which was around 17 percent. However, in the year 2005, only
3259 students joined the university which were known to be the least between 2005 to 2012.
The second largest group joined the university in 2011 which was around 6383.
Table 4 summary of gender
GENDER
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid Male 10449 27.0 27.0 27.0
Female 28232 73.0 73.0 100.0
Total 38681 100.0 100.0
The summary statistics of gender shows that the female respondents where much more than
the males whrere 73 percent of the respondents were females and the rest were the males.
Table 5: frequency of living arranement
LIVING_ARRANGE
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid At home 20840 53.9 53.9 53.9
College/student accom 6850 17.7 17.7 71.6
Independently 10991 28.4 28.4 100.0
Total 38681 100.0 100.0

6BIOSTATISTICS
The above table shows the frequesncy of the living arrangement where tge maximum
numberof students were found to be attending the college from their homes and only 17.7
percent of the total sudents had the college accommodation. 10,991 students had their own
accomodations. More than twenty thousand of the students were attending college from
home.
Table 6: faculty frequency table
FACULTY
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Arts and Sciences 9004 23.3 23.3 23.3
Education 15038 38.9 38.9 62.2
Health Sciences 11729 30.3 30.3 92.5
Theology and Philosophy 588 1.5 1.5 94.0
Business 2322 6.0 6.0 100.0
Total 38681 100.0 100.0
Table 7 : Degree table
DEGREE_TYPE
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid Single 34620 89.5 89.5 89.5
Double 4061 10.5 10.5 100.0
Total 38681 100.0 100.0
Table 8: Frequency for study mode

7BIOSTATISTICS
STUDY_MODE
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid FT 34770 89.9 89.9 89.9
PT 3911 10.1 10.1 100.0
Total 38681 100.0 100.0
The above table shows the distribution of students who are attending full time mode and part
time mode of study. It has been found that 34,770 of the students had been following the full
time mode of study and only 4061 students were studying part time.
Table 9: Frequency for fee status
FEE_STATUS
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid Domestic 32238 83.3 83.3 83.3
International 6443 16.7 16.7 100.0
Total 38681 100.0 100.0
The table of fee status shows that more than 80 percent of the sudents were the domestic
students and the rest were the interational students.

8BIOSTATISTICS
Table 10 : table of frequency of metro
METRO
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid Metro 27223 70.4 84.4 84.4
Non-metro 5015 13.0 15.6 100.0
Total 32238 83.3 100.0
Missing System 6443 16.7
Total 38681 100.0
The above table shows that only 13 perecnt of the students were the non metro students and
the rest were the metro students which were more than 70 percent.
Table 11: Frequency of state
STATE
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid NSW 15860 41.0 41.0 41.0
Victoria 13571 35.1 35.1 76.1
Queensland 7528 19.5 19.5 95.5
ACT 1722 4.5 4.5 100.0
Total 38681 100.0 100.0

9BIOSTATISTICS
The table shows that the sudents were from New South Wales, Victoria, ACT and
Queensland. Maximum number of students were from NSW, 35 percent of the students from
Victoria, 4.5 percent were from ACT and the rest were from Queensland.
Answer 3
a. Test for the difference in mean aggression, thrill seeking and risk accepting
between different genders
Group Statistics
driver_agg N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
risk_accep 1 2592 8.44 4.382 .086
2 2556 8.54 4.312 .085
Thrill 1 2592 3.00 .000 .000
2 2556 3.62 .485 .010
Table 12 : sample t test
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for Equality
of Variances t-test for Equality of Means
F Sig. t df
Sig. (2-
tailed)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference
95% Confidence Interv
of the Difference
Lower Upper
Risk
accep
Equal variances
assumed
1.830 .176 -.829 5146 .407 -.100 .121 -.338 .1
Equal variances not
assumed
-.829 5145.97
8
.407 -.100 .121 -.338 .1
thrill Equal variances
assumed
40881.922 .000 -65.305 5146 .000 -.622 .010 -.641 -.6
Equal variances not
assumed
-64.849 2555.00
0
.000 -.622 .010 -.641 -.6

10BIOSTATISTICS
The p value is known to be greater than 0.05 and therefore the null hypothesis is accepted.
Therefore, there is absence of any difference in the means of thrill, agression and risk
acceptance. From the solution provided in the table it can be concluded that there is absence
of any difference in the means of aggression and risk acceptance between the genders. Here
also P value is above 0.05 which sates there is no difference between the means of the
variable.
b. Test for the difference in mean aggression, thrill seeking and risk accepting
between different metropolitan background statuses.
Table 13
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test
for Equality of
Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
F Sig. t Df Sig.
(2-
tailed)
Mean
Differen
ce
Std.
Error
Differe
nce
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower Upper
thrill Equal variances
assumed
1.84
5
.174 .686 3223
6
.493 .013 .019 -.024 .050
Equal variances
not assumed
.692 7048.
178
.489 .013 .019 -.024 .049
Drive
r agg
Equal variances
assumed
1.06
0
.303 .714 3223
6
.475 .048 .067 -.083 .178
Equal variances
not assumed
.719 7029.
087
.472 .048 .066 -.082 .177
Risk
acce
p
Equal variances
assumed
3.22
8
.072 -.866 3223
6
.386 -.058 .067 -.189 .073
Equal variances
not assumed
-.874 7040.
476
.382 -.058 .066 -.188 .072

11BIOSTATISTICS
Here also the p value is greater than 0.05 which states that there is absence of any difference
in the mans of thrill, aggression, risk acceptance and driver aggression between metropolitian
statues.
c. Test for the difference in mean aggression, thrill seeking and risk accepting
between different study modes.
Table 14
Levene's Test for
Equality of
Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
F Sig. t df Sig. (2-
tailed)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower Upper
thrill
Equal variances
assumed
.222 .637 .132 38679 .895 .003 .021 -.038 .043
Equal variances not
assumed
.132 4829.63
5
.895 .003 .021 -.038 .043
Driver
agg
Equal variances
assumed
.323 .570 -.309 38679 .757 -.023 .073 -.166 .121
Equal variances not
assumed
-.310 4834.45
3
.757 -.023 .073 -.166 .121
Risk
accep
Equal variances
assumed
.045 .832 -2.269 38679 .023 -.167 .073 -.311 -.023
Equal variances not
assumed
-2.261 4823.70
6
.024 -.167 .074 -.311 -.022
The conclusion then is that there is sufficient evidence to support the claim that there is no
difference in means of driver aggression since the p value is 0.024 which is less than 0.05.
d. Test for the difference in mean aggression, thrill seeking and risk accepting
between different RTA statuses

12BIOSTATISTICS
The null hypothesis is reejecetced here since p value is less than 0.05 which states tat there is
no diffrece n means of risk acceptance between RTA statuses.
Answer 4
Table 16
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for
Equality of
Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
F Sig. t df Sig. (2-
tailed)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower Upp
GENDER
Equal variances
assumed
1.104 .293 .529 38679 .597 .00394 .00745 -.01066 .01
Equal variances not
assumed
.527 4898.622 .598 .00394 .00747 -.01071 .01

13BIOSTATISTICS
Here also p value is greater than 0.05 which concludes that the difference in mean in
depression between the genders is absent
Table 17
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test
for Equality of
Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
F Sig. t Df Sig. (2-
tailed)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower Upper
METRO
Equal variances
assumed
.452 .502 -.337 32236 .736 -.00224 .00666 -.01530 .01081
Equal variances not
assumed
-.335 4078.46
2
.737 -.00224 .00669 -.01536 .01087

14BIOSTATISTICS
The p value is 0.74 which is more than 0.05 states that there is absence of nay diference in
mean in depression between metro stautses
Table 18
The p value is 0.08 which manes that the null hypothesis should be accepted.
Table 19
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test
for Equality of
Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
Independent Samples t Test
Levene's Test for
Equality of
Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
F Sig. t df Sig. (2-
tailed)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower Upper
STUDY_M
ODE
Equal variances
assumed
12.076 .001 -1.753 38679 .080 -.00886 .00506 -.01877 .00105
Equal variances
not assumed
-1.701 4836.375 .089 -.00886 .00521 -.01907 .00135

15BIOSTATISTICS
F Sig. t df Sig. (2-
tailed)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower Uppe
FEE_STATUS
Equal
variances
assumed
.012 .912 -.055 38679 .956 -.00034 .00625 -.01259 .011
Equal
variances not
assumed
-.055 4905.942 .956 -.00034 .00625 -.01260 .011
The value of p is less than 0.05 which concludes that there is no difference in mean of the
depression between few status.
Answer 5
Table 20
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(
B)
95% C.I.for EXP(B)
Lower Upper
Step 1a AGE -.052 .006 79.986 1 .000 .949 .938 .96
GENDER -.616 .052 139.18
3
1 .000 .540 .488 .59
LIVING_
ARRANG
E
.036 .031 1.370 1 .242 1.03
6
.976 1.10
FEE_ST
ATUS
.532 .066 65.224 1 .000 1.70
2
1.496 1.93
driver_ag
g
.621 .024 663.53
9
1 .000 1.86
1
1.775 1.95
Thrill .548 .079 47.880 1 .000 1.72
9
1.481 2.02

16BIOSTATISTICS
risk_acce
p
.611 .010 3986.9
25
1 .000 1.84
2
1.807 1.87
dist_drivi
ng
-.060 .049 1.509 1 .219 .942 .857 1.03
Constant -16.626 .346 2313.7
04
1 .000 .000
The log odds of RTA is known to change by 0.036 for one unit of the living arrangement.
And driver aggression is known to increase the log of road traffic accidents by only 0.62
Answer 6
Table 21
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B) 95% C.I.for EXP(B)
Lower Upper
Step 1a
AGE -.035 .004 63.931 1 .000 .965 .957 .97
GENDER -.373 .039 92.415 1 .000 .688 .638 .74
LIVING_ARRANGE .063 .022 8.458 1 .004 1.065 1.021 1.11
depression 2.707 .056 2317.572 1 .000 14.978 13.416 16.72
owob_par 1.956 .170 131.591 1 .000 7.068 5.061 9.87
edu_par -2.654 .068 1514.337 1 .000 .070 .062 .08
BL_owob -.032 .037 .777 1 .378 .968 .901 1.04
Constant -2.268 .195 135.973 1 .000 .103
The table shows that the model estimates that the logit odds of OB will be rising by 0.06 and
the other variable decreases the estimated logit by 2.65