Analysis of Bird Strikes in Aviation: A Big Data Report

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of bird strikes in aviation, leveraging big data and analytical tools like SAS. The study begins with an executive summary and background information, setting the stage for an in-depth examination of the issue. The body of the report delves into various aspects, including the different bird species involved in strikes, the airline operators most frequently affected, and the phases of flight where strikes are most likely to occur. It also explores the conditions that contribute to bird strikes, such as weather patterns, and the associated costs. The report utilizes data visualization techniques, including pie charts and graphs, to illustrate key findings and relationships, such as the correlation between pilot warnings and costs, and the impact of aircraft time on costs. Furthermore, it discusses the implications of the data, highlighting the importance of pilot awareness, airline scheduling, and the need for proactive measures to mitigate bird strike risks. The report concludes with recommendations for airline operators, suggesting training programs, safety protocols, and the use of innovative deterrents. The analysis aims to enhance aviation safety and reduce the financial impact of bird strikes.

BIG DATA AND
ANALYTICS

Table of Contents
Executive summary..........................................................................................................................1
Background information..................................................................................................................1
BODY OF REPORT........................................................................................................................2
DISCUSSION..................................................................................................................................4
RECOMMENDATION...................................................................................................................5
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................5
References........................................................................................................................................8

Executive summary
The project has based on the bird strikes which has defined as a collision between the
bird and an aircraft. It occurs the fight or take off the landing roll. It has the very common and
effective threat to the aircraft safety. Report has shows the causes numbers of accidents by those
birds and aircraft. There has different spaces involved in bird sticks. Like sparrows, killdeer,
gulls and red tailed. The methods has used for the bird sticks which has effectively helped for the
key findings of work and its growth factors. The report has covered by the different graphs and
charts for finding best result of work. Report has covered by the visualization and SAS analytical
tool which has effectively shows the conditions and strike rates. This has covers the effectiveness
and importance of visual analytical and SAS model.
Background information
The project datasets is provide the forms of CSV files. D3 or Altair for the project, these
are help to build all the functions are already loaded in the project file. Processing is the effective
and valuable for organisation will help to develop and save into the memory by downloading by
the Zip folder (Alyass, Turcotte and Meyre, 2015). The Zip files are content in the table formats
and this considers the effective and valuable sets for organisation for loading goals. The data sets
are includes various countries data sets which listed by the name, codes and vertices draw on
screen. This is important for business and its growth. Importance of data sets and projects are as
follows:
 it is important for increasing productivity and profits of organisation by showing graphs
and charts (Sivarajah and et.al., 2017).
 Data set is valuable of qualitative and quantitative variables.
 This has ability to analysis and act on the data sets which is increasingly important to the
business.
 This help to promote actions which are required for making and taking effective
decisions which are increasing complex for the companies for competing in a global
marketplace (Gandomi and Haider, 2015).
 This boost the effective intelligence tools assist manager by taking effective decision
making process.
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The visual analytics is the outgrowth field of information visualization. That is focus on
analytical reasoning and facilities by interfacer of visual. This help to produced data incredible
rates and have ability to collect and save for long time data by increasing at the faster rates for
analysis it. This methods is help to take effective and valuable decision making to combine
human flexibility, background knowledge, creativity, process of work and other various
information (Karau and et.al., 2015). It is the process of combining automatic and visual
analytical methods with the tight with the help of human interaction in order to achieve and gain
knowledge from data. The visual analytical is very important for the organisation for use in their
process.
The importance and benefits of visualization such as help to navigate world data. This is
important for human brain process information, by using chart or various graphs. With the help
of this organisation is able to get a effective data by observing various graphs and adds. Those
are effective and valuable for collecting data. This give the ABSORB information quickly
responses by seeing various graphs and charts. With the help of this organisation is able to
understand the second steps (Niesen and et.al., 2016). SAS visualization is effective and valuable
for growth and it is important for the insights help to commit important concept to the memory.
This act to finding for the quickly on the basis of uses in effective manner.
BODY OF REPORT
Different Spices Involved in Bird Strike
From the pie charts given on Spices involved in Bird Strike it is evaluated that Morning
Dove, Canada Goose, Rock Pigeons and European Starling are available in bird strike between
frequency of 1. Further, it is evaluated that spices American Kestrel, Bank Swallow, Barn
Swallow, Canada Goose, European Starling, Sparrows, Wrens, Rock Pigeon, Morning dove and
Killdeer are more than other spices in frequency level of 2 to 10 (Tang and etal., 2017).
Moreover, it is evaluated that number of European Starling are more than other spices such as
Morning Dove, Gulls, Sparrows and Rock Pigeon under frequency level of 11 to 100. Moreover,
it is interpreted that under frequency level over 100 number of European Starling is increasing as
compared to other frequency level and there no other species in Frequency in this frequency
level.
Top 5 Airline Operators Involved in Bird Strike
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From this graph of Airline Operator’s in Bird Strike it is evaluated that Military is
contributing highest frequency which is 9193 than after that United Airlines are operating at a
frequency level of 8500 approx. Further, it is interpenetrated that Southeast Airlines are
operating their business between frequency level of 6000-8000 and Business Airlines is
operating at lowest frequency level.
Phase of flight would the aircraft be most likely to experience a bird strike
From the graph it is examined that most of the bird strike occurs due to approach and it is
also evaluated that takes off is the second reason for Bird Strike (Shoro and Soomro, 2015).
Thus, Airlines operators are required to take care of Birds at take off, approach and landing.
Conditions in which most Bird Strikes likely to happen
Most of the Bird Strikes are happened at the time of heavy rain whereas less chances of
Bird Strikes are their when there is a condition of Snow Fog and Fog Rain. Further, it is
evaluated that after Heavy Rain most of the Fog is the second condition in which Bird Strike
occurs. Bird Strike due to Snow is occurred at a frequency level of 500-100 whereas Bird Strike
due to Rain is occurred at a frequency level of 2500 & above.
Wildlife Spices with largest total Cost
From the graph it is evaluated that lowest cost incurred in wild life spices is 20 million
dollar on the other hand highest cost involved in Canada Goose which is 80800 million dollar.
Phase of Flight for Canadian Goose
From the graph it is interpreted that most of the bird strikes occurred during the approach
phase. After that climb is the second treason for Bird Strike due to which 149 bird strikes
occurred. On the other hand, it is reviewed that Descent & Taxi are phases where lowest number
of Bird Strike are happened.
Comparison between Bald Eagle & Canada Goose
From this graph it is interpreted that in Dawn, Dust, Day and Night time Stri8ke rate of
Canada Goose is highest as compared to Bald Eagle.
Whether Condition & Strike Rate
From the graph it is interpreted that frequency rate of Bird Strike in no cloud condition is
more than overcast. Thus, airline operators are required to operate airline in overcast sky
condition.
Relationship Between Cost & Pilot’s Warning
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Form the given data related to Cost & Pilot Warning it is examined that if warning is not
given to pilot that cost gets raised thus, it is essential for Airline Operators to give Warning to
Pilots. Further, it is also reviewed that highest cost is incurred when warning is given to pilot at
an altitude bin of less than 1000 ft.
Analysis of Aircraft Time and Cost
It is also interpreted that more time is consumed in providing airline services when a Bird Strike
is occurred and which in turn maximize cost. Further, it is reviewed that cost is also increased
due to damage and with that services of aircraft are closed temporarily.
Bird Strike on Airport Records
According to data gathered by Airline Operators it is evaluated that only one bird is
involved in Bird Strike at Airport and this number can fluctuate from 50 millions from 500
millions. Thus, it is suggested to Airline operators to update data on a daily basis.
Total Cost Involved
Cost paid by Airline Operators when 1 Bird is involved in a Bird Strike is 2793 dollars
and this cost can increase to 43717 dollars according number of Birds Involved in Bird Strike.
Further, it is also interpreted that cost may vary with the change in location of Airports.
Visualization - (Attached in Excel File)
DISCUSSION
Bird Strike refers to conspiracy between birds & aircrafts this strike occurs during
approach, landing and take off of flights. This strike is effect safety of passengers travelling in an
aircraft as it causes accidents. From the data given in different graphs it is evaluated that more
than 13000 bird strikes occurs in United States. Further, its discussed that airline operators are
required to take care of safety of Passengers and they have to give warning to Pilots as if warning
is given to Pilots than there are less chances of Bird Strike and which in turn minimizes time &
cost of Airline Companies(Burger, 2015).
Moreover, more of European Starling are involved in Bird Strike and Military Airline is
an airline operator with which of there is an increase in number of Bird Strike so, this airline
operator is required to give warning to their pilots and airline is also required to operate its
flights during the time where their is less chances of Bird Strike. For Example- In day time there
is less chances of Bird Strike thus, more of flights are scheduled during the day time(Thorpe,
2017).
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Bird Strike causes damage to aircrafts & flights which in turn slow down operations &
profitability of Airline Companies. Further, cost for improvement in managing flights gets
increased and revenue of companies gets decreased. Bird Strike also increased during the phase
of approach and landing thus, pilots has give more attention during these phases. Most of the
strikes are occurring due to Canadian Goose thus, this airline operator is also required to pay
attention on its operating services, time schedule and operating time.
Bird Strike also create high risk for aircrafts operators as with these operations of Airlines
Industries gets effected(Pfeiffer, Kougher and DeVault, 2018).
Data Dictionary of Bird Strike helps in evaluating name of operator or owners of flight
with which it can be identified that which companies flights are mainly engaging in Bird Strike.
Further, Condition of Sky is also a reason for Bird Strike which is abstracted from given Data
Dictionary. Sky Condition is the most important reason because with this a operator is not able to
see clearly and which in turn causes Birds Strike.
Moreover, Data Dictionary is giving information related to Species widely suffering from
Bird Strike. Model of Flight, timing when number of Bird Strike is more and altitude are also
reason for Bird Strike as per Data provided in Dictionary. Thus, with the information provided in
Data Dictionary problem of Bird Strike can be minimised and which is also beneficial for Airline
operators as this will reduces their cost & time. Moreover, Airlines are able to increase their
services and can earn more profits if Bird Strikes are minimised.
RECOMMENDATION
It is recommended to the Airline Operators that they have to conduct training &
development programmes for their pilots and other engineers so that company can mitigate risk
of accident and Bird Strike. Further, it is suggested to Airline Businesses to schedule time for
aircraft and to ensure safety of flights in situations of Heavy Rain and Snowfall. Further, it is
suggested to Pilot of an Airline to plan a emergency take off after occurrence of a Bird Strike.
Moreover, suggestion is given to airlines to use an element like flash bang so that Birds
can go away and save them. Bird Distress Singles are also an effective way for reducing number
of Bird Strikes in US so it is also recommended to operators to develop in Airlines.
It is also suggested to Airways to increase lights in Aircraft so that Pilot can see clearly
and which in turn reduces Bird Strikes and that also decreases cost & saves time. Bird Detecting
radar should be used by Airlines with they pilot is able to see the birds coming on their way and
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save them. Airways are suggested to delay landing or takeoff process in the case of any Bird
Strike.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it is outlined that Bird Strike Rate in Unites States are increasing
day by day and which in turn affects profitability and Performance of Business of Airways.
Further, it is also summaries that due to increase in number of population use of Airplanes are
increasing which in turn causes injuries to Birds. Moreover, it is concluded from this report that
there is a decline in number of Bird Species due to Bird Strike. After that recommendations are
given to Airline Operators so that number of Bird Strikes can be reduced.
Reflective writing
Our team has to conduct a project by using the analytical tool in order to analyse the
dataset which have been provided. Our team consist of 3 members. In order to analyse the data
about the bird strike we have used the SAS which is a statistical analysis system in order to
collect the information regarding the bird strike. SAS is a software which helps in mining,
altering and retrieving of the data from various sources and accordingly analyse the statistical
data which have been collected(Khattree and Naik, 2018.). It also helps in understanding of the
use of SAS. With help of using SAS I have learned the use of statistical analysis system. The
project help me in determining how to analyse the data, and interpret it. I came to know about
the various things about SAS. With the help of SAS the large amount of data can be stored it
provides security to the companies information(Brocklebank, Dickey and Choi, 2018). The
project help me in improving my decision making skill. The project helps me to give a sense of
working in a team, it also helps me to gain the wide knowledge from my team members about
the software. The project also helps me in improving my technological skills. The project helps
me in enhancing my ability to address to the key problems. It helps me to analyse the data with
the help of graphs, tables and charts. It also enhance my programming skills. The project also
helps me in exploring my abilities and capabilities to work in a team. The project helps me in
enhancing more core skills such as negotiation skills, decision making skills and communication
skills. As while conducting the project we have to take the advice of our seniors and teachers
which help me in enhancing my communication skills. While conducting the project I have faced
the difficulty as I was not good in numbers and statistical data but the project help me in
improving my knowledge in order to work with the statistical data. The use of SAS helps me in
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understanding how to analyse and use the data collected to get the desired result. The project also
uses the Big data analytics, big data analytics is the process to examine various data sets and
uncover the information related to customer preference, market trends and hidden
patterns((Najafabadi, and et.al., 2015)). In order to gain the knowledge about the big data I have
read various books and journals. The use of big data give me the understanding which has help
me to gather information from the big data, the knowledge gained by the use of big data analytics
will be helpful for me in the future also. I have done the enough research in order to implement
various strategies to make use of big data. The project give me ample of information related to
big data. I came to know about the advantages and disadvantages of the big data analytics. The
use of Big data analytics has helped me in to know the how to collect the relevant information.
The project help me in enhancing my ability to listen to others. As it requires a lot of
team work to collect the relevant data and present it with a systematic manner so our team
member used to conduct a discussion on the project status. The use of big data helps in gaining
the information which is useful for our project. The project work helped me in understanding the
use of big data for conducting a research. The use of SAS and big data analytics increase my
knowledge in respect to statistics. It helps me with the process to be followed while conducting a
project, and also helps me in understanding how the information can be collected with the use of
SAS and Big data analytics and how this information should be presented in the graphical and
table manner to give the useful information. The knowledge which I have gained while
performing the project will help me in my future.
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References
Books and Journals
Alyass, A., Turcotte, M. and Meyre, D., 2015. From big data analysis to personalized medicine
for all: challenges and opportunities. BMC medical genomics. 8(1). p.33.
Brocklebank, J.C., Dickey, D.A. and Choi, B., 2018. SAS for forecasting time series. SAS
institute.
Burger, J., 2015. Jet aircraft noise and bird strikes: why more birds are being hit. Environmental
Pollution Series A, Ecological and Biological. 30(2). pp.143-152.
Gandomi, A. and Haider, M., 2015. Beyond the hype: Big data concepts, methods, and
analytics. International journal of information management. 35(2). pp.137-144.
Karau, H. and et.al., 2015. Learning spark: lightning-fast big data analysis. " O'Reilly Media,
Inc.".
Khattree, R. and Naik, D.N., 2018. Applied multivariate statistics with SAS software. SAS
Institute Inc..
Metz, I.C. and Hoekstra, J.M., 2018. Estimating the Impact of Bird Strikes. In 6th
International Eurasian Ornithology Congress.
Najafabadi, M.M. and et.al., 2015. Deep learning applications and challenges in big data
analytics. Journal of Big Data, 2(1). p.1.
Niesen, T. and et.al., 2016, January. Towards an integrative big data analysis framework for
data-driven risk management in industry 4.0. In 2016 49th Hawaii International
Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) (pp. 5065-5074). IEEE.
Pfeiffer, M.B., Kougher, J.D. and DeVault, T.L., 2018. Civil airports from a landscape
perspective: A multi-scale approach with implications for reducing bird
strikes. Landscape and urban planning. 179. pp.38-45.
Shoro, A. G. and Soomro, T. R., 2015. Big data analysis: Apache spark perspective. Global
Journal of Computer Science and Technology.
Sivarajah, U. and et.al., 2017. Critical analysis of Big Data challenges and analytical
methods. Journal of Business Research. 70. pp.263-286.
Tang, B. and etal., 2017. Incorporating intelligence in fog computing for big data analysis in
smart cities. IEEE Transactions on Industrial informatics. 13(5). pp.2140-2150.
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Thorpe, J., 2017, May. Fatalities and destroyed civil aircraft due to bird strikes, 1912-2002.
In International Bird Strike Committee, 26th Meeting. Warsaw, Poland (p. 28).
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