Blockchain in Healthcare: A Decentralized EHR Storage System Project

This project explores the application of blockchain technology to create a decentralized storage system for Electronic Health Records (EHRs), focusing on enhancing data security and interoperability. The project outlines a timeline, resource allocation, and key milestones for developing and implementing a MedRec system. It covers system analysis, smart contract evaluation, identity mapping, and prototype designing using SQL queries. The project also addresses database implementation, patient access protocols, node analysis, and API library development. Furthermore, it incorporates control and monitoring mechanisms, including prototype evaluation, permission management, and security measures. The deployment phase involves web interface development, user feedback integration, system documentation, and the preparation of a completion report. A cost-benefit analysis details resource costs, while a risk assessment identifies potential operational, security, and technical challenges, along with mitigation strategies. The project references various studies to support its approach to blockchain implementation in healthcare.

MEDREC SYSTEM
B L O C K C H A I N I N H E A L T H C A R E

INTRODUCTION
Safety of Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
Decentralized Storage System
Use of Blockchain concepts and technology in Healthcare

PROJECT TIMELINE, RESOURCES, AND MILESTONES
WBS Task Name Duration Start Finish Pre
dec
ess
ors
Resource Names
1 MedRec System: Use of Blockchain in
Healthcare
263 days Mon 08-
10-18
Wed 09-
10-19
1.1 Project Initiation & Project Planning 41 days Mon 08-
10-18
Mon 03-
12-18
1.1.1 System Analysis - Current &
proposed system
5 days Mon 08-
10-18
Fri 12-
10-18
Blockchain Engineer, Medical
Specialist , Blockchain Web
Designer, Cryptocurrency
Specialist , Blockchain Developer ,
Hyperledger Composer
1.1.2 Evaluation of priority and
determination of feasibility
9 days Mon 15-
10-18
Thu 25-
10-18
3 Project Manager, Technical Expert ,
Medical Specialist , Blockchain
Developer
1.1.3 Assessment of key stakeholders 9 days Fri 26-
10-18
Wed 07-
11-18
3, 4 Coder
1.1.4 Initial research and analysis 10 days Thu 08-
11-18
Wed 21-
11-18
5 Project Manager, Technical Expert
1.1.5 Calculation of project estimates
and determination of compatibility
8 days Thu 22-
11-18
Mon 03-
12-18
6 Project Manager, Blockchain
Engineer, Finance Associate
1.1.6 Milestone 1: Project Proposal &
Plan
0 days Mon 03-
12-18
Mon 03-
12-18
7

PROJECT TIMELINE, RESOURCES, AND MILESTONES
1.2 Cycle 1: System Development &
Implementation
72 days Tue 04-12-18 Wed 13-03-19
1.2.1 Authorities, Ownership, and Permissions 9 days Tue 04-12-18 Fri 14-12-18 8 Technical Expert
, Blockchain
Web Designer,
Cryptocurrency
Specialist ,
Medical
Specialist
1.2.2 Analysis of Smart Contracts 13 days Mon 17-12-18 Wed 02-01-19 10 Blockchain Web
Designer,
Blockchain
Developer
1.2.3 Ethereum Address Identity: Mapping & Analysis 12 days Mon 17-12-18 Tue 01-01-19 10 Cryptocurrency
Specialist
1.2.4 Identity Determination 15 days Thu 03-01-19 Wed 23-01-19 10, 11 Coder,
Blockchain
Engineer
1.2.5 PPR Contracts - Setting up 28 days Thu 24-01-19 Wed 13-03-19 13 Blockchain
Engineer, Coder
1.2.6 Designing of Prototype - Use of SQL Queries 13 days Thu 24-01-19 Mon 11-02-19 13 Blockchain
Developer ,
Coder, Technical
Expert
1.2.7 Milestone 2: Prototype Design 0 days Mon 11-02-19 Mon 11-02-19 15
1.3 Cycle 2: System Development & Implementation 55 days Tue 12-02-19 Mon 29-04-19

PROJECT TIMELINE, RESOURCES, AND MILESTONES
1.3.1 Implementation of the Database 8 days Tue 12-02-
19
Thu 21-02-
19
16 Coder,
Technical
Expert
1.3.2 Patients Access & User Roles 11 days Fri 22-02-19 Fri 12-04-19 18 Medical
Specialist ,
Blockchain
Web
Designer,
Security
Analyst
1.3.3 Analysis of Summary Contracts 7 days Fri 22-02-19 Mon 04-03-
19
18 Blockchain
Developer ,
Blockchain
Engineer
1.3.4 Node Analysis & Description 12 days Tue 05-03-19 Wed 20-03-
19
20 Blockchain
Web
Designer
1.3.5 Backend API Library & Database
Gatekeeper: Setting up and implementation
of the modules
14 days Thu 21-03-19 Tue 09-04-19 21 Blockchain
Web
Designer,
Cryptocurren
cy
Specialist ,
Coder
1.3.6 Ethereum Client , EHR Manager, and
mining: Setting up and implementation of
14 days Wed 10-04-19 Mon 29-04-
19
22 Hyperledger
Composer

PROJECT TIMELINE, RESOURCES, AND MILESTONES
1.4 Control & Monitoring 68 days Tue 30-04-
19
Thu 01-08-19
1.4.1 Evaluation of the prototype 15 days Tue 30-04-19 Mon 20-05-19 23 Blockchain Developer ,
Hyperledger Composer, Medical
Specialist , Coder, Technical
Expert
1.4.2 Management of the permissions 12 days Tue 21-05-19 Tue 09-07-19 26 Coder, Blockchain Developer ,
Security Analyst
1.4.3 Security control and monitoring 10 days Wed 10-07-19 Tue 23-07-19 27 Security Analyst
1.4.4 Listing and implementation of the
changes
7 days Wed 24-07-19 Thu 01-08-19 28 Project Manager, Technical
Expert
1.4.5 Milestone 4: Review Report 0 days Thu 01-08-19 Thu 01-08-19 29
1.5 System Deployment & Project Closure 49 days Fri 02-08-19 Wed 09-10-19
1.5.1 Web Interface Development for the
Users
13 days Fri 02-08-19 Tue 20-08-19 30 Coder
1.5.2 MedRec Deployment for the end-
users
14 days Wed 21-08-19 Mon 09-09-19 32 Hyperledger Composer,
Blockchain Developer ,
Blockchain Web Designer,
Blockchain Engineer,
Cryptocurrency Specialist ,
Medical Specialist , Coder,
Security Analyst , Technical
Expert

PROJECT TIMELINE, RESOURCES, AND MILESTONES
1.5.3 User Feedback and System
Improvement Activities
10
days
Tue 10-09-
19
Mon 23-09-
19
33 Project
Manager
1.5.4 System Documentation & Reflection 6 days Tue 24-09-19 Tue 01-10-
19
34 Technical
Writer
1.5.5 Preparation and Submission of
Completion Report
6 days Wed 02-10-
19
Wed 09-10-
19
35 Technical
Writer
1.5.6 Milestone 5: Completion Report 0 days Wed 09-10-
19
Wed 09-10-
19
36

COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS

COST OF RESOURCES
Resource Name Initials Std. Rate
Project Manager PM $155.00/hr
Blockchain Developer BD $148.00/hr
Blockchain Web Designer BWD $140.00/hr
Blockchain Engineer BE $140.00/hr
Medical Specialist MS $118.00/hr
Security Analyst SA $125.00/hr
Technical Expert TE $140.00/hr
Coder CO $125.00/hr
Technical Writer TW $118.00/hr
Finance Associate FA $130.00/hr
Hyperledger Composer HC $138.00/hr
Cryptocurrency Specialist CS $138.00/hr

PROJECT RISKS
Risk
ID
Name Description Likelih
ood
Impact Scor
e
R1 Operation
al
Mistakes
The software modules
to be developed and
implemented for
MedRec system may
witness operational
mistakes (Halamka,
2018).
0.4 6 2.4
R2 Network-
based
Security
Attacks
There may be network-
based security attacks,
such as flooding attacks
and man in the middle
attacks that may occur.
0.8 8 6.4
R3 Encryptio
n/
Cryptanal
ysis
Attacks
Guessing and violation
of encryption attacks
may come up (Gagnon
& Stephen, 2018)
0.6 8 4.8
R4 Technical
Failures
There will be tools used
to implement the
Blockchain technology
and develop the web
interface. These tools
may turn faulty.
0.4 7 2.8
R5 Resistanc
e to
The end-users may be
resistant to utilize the
0.7 8 5.6

PROJECT RISKS
R6 Legal
Trouble
The security attacks
may lead to
compromise of
confidentiality of
information that may
lead to legal
obligations.
0.2 9 1.8
R7 Resource
Unavailabil
ity/Perform
ance
Issues
The project resources
may not be available for
work as per the
estimated work.
0.4 8 3.2
R8 Quality
Errors
The non-compliance to
the quality norms may
be observed (Sater,
2018).
0.3 9 2.7

REFERENCES
Bell, L., Buchanan, W., Cameron, J., & Lo, O. (2018). Applications of Blockchain Within
Healthcare. Blockchain In Healthcare Today, 1. doi: 10.30953/bhty.v1.8
Bennett, B. (2018). Blockchain HIE Overview: A Framework for Healthcare Interoperability.
Telehealth And Medicine Today, 2(3). doi: 10.30953/tmt.v2.14
Cyran, M. (2018). Blockchain as a Foundation for Sharing Healthcare Data. Blockchain In
Healthcare Today. doi: 10.30953/bhty.v1.13
Ekblaw, A., Azaria, A., Halamka, J., & Lippman, A. (2016). A Case Study for Blockchain in
Healthcare : “ MedRec †prototype for electronic health records and medical
research data. Retrieved from https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/A-Case-Study-for-
Blockchain-in-Healthcare-%3A-%E2%80%9C-%E2%80%9D-for-Ekblaw-Azaria/
56e65b469cad2f3ebd560b3a10e7346780f4ab0a?tab=citations
Gagnon, M., & Stephen, G. (2018). A Pragmatic Solution to a Major Interoperability
Problem: Using Blockchain for the Nationwide Patient Index. Blockchain In Healthcare
Today. doi: 10.30953/bhty.v1.28
Halamka, J. (2018). Separating Signal from Noise: Advice for Blockchain Startups.
Blockchain In Healthcare Today, 1. doi: 10.30953/bhty.v1.29
Sater, S. (2018). Blockchain Transforming Healthcare Data Flows. SSRN Electronic Journal.
doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3171005