COU301A: Detailed Case Study of Brad's Alcohol Dependence and Recovery
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Case Study
AI Summary
This case study focuses on Brad, a man in his twenties struggling with alcoholism, and examines the impact of his condition on his life. The study delves into Brad's history, including a childhood diagnosis of ADD and his father's alcoholism, along with a history of alcohol-related incidents, including a DUI and a car accident. The study emphasizes the need for a personalized treatment plan and highlights the use of motivational interviewing techniques to address Brad's reluctance and defensiveness. Various assessment tools, such as the DSM-5 and biopsychosocial assessment forms, are explored to understand Brad's condition comprehensively. The study also outlines several treatment modalities, including behavioral therapy, residential treatment, Gestalt therapy, psychoanalytic therapy, and person-centered counseling, to determine the most effective approaches for Brad's recovery. The case study provides a detailed analysis of Brad's situation, offering insights into the complexities of addiction and the diverse methods available for intervention and treatment.
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COU301A
ASSESSMENT 3: CASE STUDY
COU301A
ASSESSMENT 3: CASE STUDY
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2
Introduction
This inquiry's subject, Brad, a guy in his twenties, will act as a representative case study for
further examination, and he will play a central role in the process. Sandra is concerned about
Brad's drinking and how it is affecting him and his ability to maintain a stable living.
Specifically, she is concerned about how his alcoholism is damaging him. At the age of nine,
Brad was given a diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADD), and his father,
who was an alcoholic by nature, had a significant role in the development of Brad's condition.
Brad was involved in a catastrophic car accident while under the influence of alcohol a few
years ago, which resulted in the permanent brain injury of one of his friends. In addition to this
incident, countless more incidents indicated his drunkenness. A high-level case of driving under
the influence of alcohol or drugs caused him to lose his driver's license a few months earlier.
Because of the findings of this study, he will be in a better position to accomplish his objective
of beating his alcoholism and leading a life free of alcohol from this point on.
Issues with Brad
If we follow through with the case study, you will need to specify that the session will require a
more personalized treatment plan that is reliant on the requirements and expectations of other
patients as well as the therapy that is sought. In addition, it is essential to highlight that the
methods that are more specialized for the process of intervention are related to motivational
interviewing, which is a client-centered approach that is very successful in negotiating and
exchanging information with the client. This information may be gleaned from the client in a
variety of different ways. To move the session ahead, the integration of the motivational
interviewing approach will examine formal refractive statements, in which the information from
the client will be recorded. In addition to this, the client will be questioned with open-ended
questions, and the replies will be recorded at the same time. Finally, the incorporation of
affirmations will also be reviewed, which will assist to understand the client's concerns, based
on which the treatment and the session will be based. It will also be examined whether or not the
motivational interviewing method incorporates the required phenomena that reflect slip, relapse,
failure, and failure avoidance as part of its course of action, which will symbolize the session
and the important points that will aid to carry through with the chosen patient Brad. Brad.
Several presenting difficulties have been discovered in Brad, according to the evaluation that
was conducted. In the beginning, the problem was that Brad seemed to be reluctant to make eye
contact with other people when conversing. However, this was more evident towards the outset
of the meeting, when he was being questioned by the investigators. The second problem with
Introduction
This inquiry's subject, Brad, a guy in his twenties, will act as a representative case study for
further examination, and he will play a central role in the process. Sandra is concerned about
Brad's drinking and how it is affecting him and his ability to maintain a stable living.
Specifically, she is concerned about how his alcoholism is damaging him. At the age of nine,
Brad was given a diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADD), and his father,
who was an alcoholic by nature, had a significant role in the development of Brad's condition.
Brad was involved in a catastrophic car accident while under the influence of alcohol a few
years ago, which resulted in the permanent brain injury of one of his friends. In addition to this
incident, countless more incidents indicated his drunkenness. A high-level case of driving under
the influence of alcohol or drugs caused him to lose his driver's license a few months earlier.
Because of the findings of this study, he will be in a better position to accomplish his objective
of beating his alcoholism and leading a life free of alcohol from this point on.
Issues with Brad
If we follow through with the case study, you will need to specify that the session will require a
more personalized treatment plan that is reliant on the requirements and expectations of other
patients as well as the therapy that is sought. In addition, it is essential to highlight that the
methods that are more specialized for the process of intervention are related to motivational
interviewing, which is a client-centered approach that is very successful in negotiating and
exchanging information with the client. This information may be gleaned from the client in a
variety of different ways. To move the session ahead, the integration of the motivational
interviewing approach will examine formal refractive statements, in which the information from
the client will be recorded. In addition to this, the client will be questioned with open-ended
questions, and the replies will be recorded at the same time. Finally, the incorporation of
affirmations will also be reviewed, which will assist to understand the client's concerns, based
on which the treatment and the session will be based. It will also be examined whether or not the
motivational interviewing method incorporates the required phenomena that reflect slip, relapse,
failure, and failure avoidance as part of its course of action, which will symbolize the session
and the important points that will aid to carry through with the chosen patient Brad. Brad.
Several presenting difficulties have been discovered in Brad, according to the evaluation that
was conducted. In the beginning, the problem was that Brad seemed to be reluctant to make eye
contact with other people when conversing. However, this was more evident towards the outset
of the meeting, when he was being questioned by the investigators. The second problem with

3
Brad's performance is his defensiveness when challenged about his mother's allegations of his
alcoholism, which he has acted as though it were fact. Brad tended to fiercely defend his person.
As a result, he has an aggressive personality and is unable to accept that he becomes angry when
he is intoxicated and has memory loss difficulties, especially during the time he is entirely
inebriated. As a result of his harsh and self-centered attitude to lifestyle evaluation, Brad has
been plagued by a broad range of issues that will require the most urgent care to secure his
existence, and here is the clearest evidence of that.
A few different kinds of evaluation techniques may be taken into account while analyzing the
Brad case study holistically. The following is a list of potential tools for use with the
aforementioned case study.
ď‚· Guidelines are taken from the most recent edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) (DSM-V)
This is an important evaluation tool for therapists to use because it helps them get to know their
patients and helps them grasp the information on which therapies will be based by providing
basic information and identifying characteristics. When used by therapists, this evaluation tool
helps them get to know their patients and helps them grasp the information on which therapies
will be based. When using this instrument, the majority of practitioners can ensure a suitable
starting point for the evaluation and communication that will assist integrate the therapy of the
client based on their level of engagement, thereby allowing future activities and treatment
procedures to be conducted in a dignified manner. In any event, it is essential to acknowledge
the difference between the capacity of counselors to utilize the DSM-V as a guide and their
inability to optimize the diagnostic procedure as a complete. The DSM-V may only be
administered by licensed mental health professionals, such as psychologists, doctors, and
psychiatrists (Cooper, 2018). As a consequence of this, patients may put their faith in these
specialists to offer them accurate diagnoses and to assist them in overcoming any kind of
dependency or abuse that they might be experiencing. As a direct consequence of this, Brad will
get an even deeper comprehension of the complex difficulties he faces. In this regard, the
incorporation of clinical assessment case plans is vital since it will aid in the development of a
methodical approach to diagnosis.
ď‚· Form for a biopsychosocial assessment:
This method of analyzing the levels connected to the study of psychology is one that primarily
combines three various viewpoints and features that may be incorporated into a form and a
Brad's performance is his defensiveness when challenged about his mother's allegations of his
alcoholism, which he has acted as though it were fact. Brad tended to fiercely defend his person.
As a result, he has an aggressive personality and is unable to accept that he becomes angry when
he is intoxicated and has memory loss difficulties, especially during the time he is entirely
inebriated. As a result of his harsh and self-centered attitude to lifestyle evaluation, Brad has
been plagued by a broad range of issues that will require the most urgent care to secure his
existence, and here is the clearest evidence of that.
A few different kinds of evaluation techniques may be taken into account while analyzing the
Brad case study holistically. The following is a list of potential tools for use with the
aforementioned case study.
ď‚· Guidelines are taken from the most recent edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) (DSM-V)
This is an important evaluation tool for therapists to use because it helps them get to know their
patients and helps them grasp the information on which therapies will be based by providing
basic information and identifying characteristics. When used by therapists, this evaluation tool
helps them get to know their patients and helps them grasp the information on which therapies
will be based. When using this instrument, the majority of practitioners can ensure a suitable
starting point for the evaluation and communication that will assist integrate the therapy of the
client based on their level of engagement, thereby allowing future activities and treatment
procedures to be conducted in a dignified manner. In any event, it is essential to acknowledge
the difference between the capacity of counselors to utilize the DSM-V as a guide and their
inability to optimize the diagnostic procedure as a complete. The DSM-V may only be
administered by licensed mental health professionals, such as psychologists, doctors, and
psychiatrists (Cooper, 2018). As a consequence of this, patients may put their faith in these
specialists to offer them accurate diagnoses and to assist them in overcoming any kind of
dependency or abuse that they might be experiencing. As a direct consequence of this, Brad will
get an even deeper comprehension of the complex difficulties he faces. In this regard, the
incorporation of clinical assessment case plans is vital since it will aid in the development of a
methodical approach to diagnosis.
ď‚· Form for a biopsychosocial assessment:
This method of analyzing the levels connected to the study of psychology is one that primarily
combines three various viewpoints and features that may be incorporated into a form and a

4
particular one. The biological effects, the social viewpoint, and the psychological impacts are all
assessed in Brad's case under the purview of the biopsychosocial evaluation, especially when
they are combined. It is possible to deduce from the very nature of the phrase that it is a fusion
of the styles that have been discussed before and that it represents the three distinctive facets
that are associated with each of the components that are included in it. This theory's key tenet is
that it guarantees that everyone is a part of the diverse variety of social systems that make up
their environment. Utilizing this specific form will be efficient in capturing all the various data
and information from Brad in an organized manner (Maxwell et al. 2018). This form will make
it easier to analyze the many incidents that are documented and to take into account the various
factors that guarantee Brad's substance addiction. To assist Brad to stop abusing alcohol, this
evaluation form will primarily aid in ensuring and documenting all the data that will form the
basis of his individualized treatment plan and any integrated interventions.
To work with Brad, what kinds of modalities are considered?
Following is a list of some of the modalities or therapies that can successfully be taken into
account to attain the intended therapy for Brad. This list was derived from the analysis that was
conducted from the case study on Brad, which can be found above. It's possible that Brad may
benefit from these treatment strategies and that they will assist him in overcoming his addiction
problems.
ď‚· Treatments based on behavior:
This strategy is reflective of a behavioral treatment that assists persons in modifying their
attitudes and behaviors that are significantly aided by drug use and abuse, which will
progressively help in lowering the number of elements that are associated with health. This
therapy is even useful in medicine, and it will help Brad become more familiar with a long-term
treatment by maintaining his familiarity with it. The treatment that is designed specifically for
drug addiction can be administered in a variety of different ways; however, behavioral treatment
is regarded as being the most effective method because it reflects an effective approach toward
cognitive behavioral therapy, which ultimately assists in the recognition of thinking patterns
(Nordahl et al. 2018). We hope that Brad's thought patterns may be recognized and that we can
come up with solutions for lowering his alcohol addiction problems through this treatment.
ď‚· Residential treatment:
The incorporation of residential therapy may be just as helpful for Brad, and it will enable him
to minimize the competition of the various challenges that he is going through in his personal
particular one. The biological effects, the social viewpoint, and the psychological impacts are all
assessed in Brad's case under the purview of the biopsychosocial evaluation, especially when
they are combined. It is possible to deduce from the very nature of the phrase that it is a fusion
of the styles that have been discussed before and that it represents the three distinctive facets
that are associated with each of the components that are included in it. This theory's key tenet is
that it guarantees that everyone is a part of the diverse variety of social systems that make up
their environment. Utilizing this specific form will be efficient in capturing all the various data
and information from Brad in an organized manner (Maxwell et al. 2018). This form will make
it easier to analyze the many incidents that are documented and to take into account the various
factors that guarantee Brad's substance addiction. To assist Brad to stop abusing alcohol, this
evaluation form will primarily aid in ensuring and documenting all the data that will form the
basis of his individualized treatment plan and any integrated interventions.
To work with Brad, what kinds of modalities are considered?
Following is a list of some of the modalities or therapies that can successfully be taken into
account to attain the intended therapy for Brad. This list was derived from the analysis that was
conducted from the case study on Brad, which can be found above. It's possible that Brad may
benefit from these treatment strategies and that they will assist him in overcoming his addiction
problems.
ď‚· Treatments based on behavior:
This strategy is reflective of a behavioral treatment that assists persons in modifying their
attitudes and behaviors that are significantly aided by drug use and abuse, which will
progressively help in lowering the number of elements that are associated with health. This
therapy is even useful in medicine, and it will help Brad become more familiar with a long-term
treatment by maintaining his familiarity with it. The treatment that is designed specifically for
drug addiction can be administered in a variety of different ways; however, behavioral treatment
is regarded as being the most effective method because it reflects an effective approach toward
cognitive behavioral therapy, which ultimately assists in the recognition of thinking patterns
(Nordahl et al. 2018). We hope that Brad's thought patterns may be recognized and that we can
come up with solutions for lowering his alcohol addiction problems through this treatment.
ď‚· Residential treatment:
The incorporation of residential therapy may be just as helpful for Brad, and it will enable him
to minimize the competition of the various challenges that he is going through in his personal
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5
life, which in turn is compromising the stability of his health. The majority of residential
treatment options consist of therapeutic communities. These communities are designed to help
provide a variety of treatments for various individuals and to assist those persons within a
residential setting. The Minnesota Model is one of the most common treatment approaches
because it is one of the few that is proven to be effective in presidential treatment. This
treatment method also ensures that its theory-based periodic benefits are effective on patients,
which in turn assists patients in quitting the use of drugs or alcohol (Olson, 2020). Even yet, the
approach chosen for this remains highly effective since it relies heavily on Alcoholics
Anonymous (AA). Providing clients with a new way of living without alcohol or other drugs,
also helps to grasp the therapies and tools that are beneficial for them.
ď‚· The Gestalt approach:
This therapy is founded on holism, and its approach is most oriented toward one of the most
successful ways that help deal with many kinds of addictions. Moreover, this treatment's
approach is most oriented toward one of the most effective approaches. The primary tenet of
just treatment is that it is beneficial to focus on the whole person, taking into account the many
emotional, mental, physical, and spiritual aspects of the patient. The most important facet of this
treatment is that it assists in concentrating on a particular occurrence, which in turn assists in
deriving the relationship that assists in understanding the holistic relationships that exist within
an individual, based on which treatments may be taken into consideration. The fact that
therapists do not encourage the many interpretations that are related to the enigma of the client
is, nonetheless, something that has to be analyzed since it is relevant to this specific form of
treatment (Mann, 2020). As a component of this therapy's function and framework, the
Phenomenological Theory and the Field Theory are frequently employed. This helps to
understand how addictions work on individuals and what behaviors may be integrated that will
be helpful.
ď‚· Psychoanalytical treatment:
Psychoanalytic therapy, often known as the original talking therapy, is a form of treatment that
involves the synthesis of significant underlying variables that reflect an individual's behavior as
well as their feelings, emotions, and behaviors. First and foremost, psychoanalytic treatment
encompasses a variety of sub-disciplines under psychoanalysis. These sub-disciplines include
hypnotherapy, object relations therapy, and Jungian analysis (Leuzinger-Bohleber et al. 2019).
Its practices related to this treatment include the fact that it uncovers the client's unconscious
life, which in turn is compromising the stability of his health. The majority of residential
treatment options consist of therapeutic communities. These communities are designed to help
provide a variety of treatments for various individuals and to assist those persons within a
residential setting. The Minnesota Model is one of the most common treatment approaches
because it is one of the few that is proven to be effective in presidential treatment. This
treatment method also ensures that its theory-based periodic benefits are effective on patients,
which in turn assists patients in quitting the use of drugs or alcohol (Olson, 2020). Even yet, the
approach chosen for this remains highly effective since it relies heavily on Alcoholics
Anonymous (AA). Providing clients with a new way of living without alcohol or other drugs,
also helps to grasp the therapies and tools that are beneficial for them.
ď‚· The Gestalt approach:
This therapy is founded on holism, and its approach is most oriented toward one of the most
successful ways that help deal with many kinds of addictions. Moreover, this treatment's
approach is most oriented toward one of the most effective approaches. The primary tenet of
just treatment is that it is beneficial to focus on the whole person, taking into account the many
emotional, mental, physical, and spiritual aspects of the patient. The most important facet of this
treatment is that it assists in concentrating on a particular occurrence, which in turn assists in
deriving the relationship that assists in understanding the holistic relationships that exist within
an individual, based on which treatments may be taken into consideration. The fact that
therapists do not encourage the many interpretations that are related to the enigma of the client
is, nonetheless, something that has to be analyzed since it is relevant to this specific form of
treatment (Mann, 2020). As a component of this therapy's function and framework, the
Phenomenological Theory and the Field Theory are frequently employed. This helps to
understand how addictions work on individuals and what behaviors may be integrated that will
be helpful.
ď‚· Psychoanalytical treatment:
Psychoanalytic therapy, often known as the original talking therapy, is a form of treatment that
involves the synthesis of significant underlying variables that reflect an individual's behavior as
well as their feelings, emotions, and behaviors. First and foremost, psychoanalytic treatment
encompasses a variety of sub-disciplines under psychoanalysis. These sub-disciplines include
hypnotherapy, object relations therapy, and Jungian analysis (Leuzinger-Bohleber et al. 2019).
Its practices related to this treatment include the fact that it uncovers the client's unconscious

6
motive, which is often a time-consuming and incredibly extensive procedure of therapeutic
qualities that assists in determining Brad's psychological evaluation (here). For this particular
case study, the inclusion of psychoanalytic theory can be employed in short-term treatment,
depending on Brad's stability, to assist him to overcome his alcohol addiction.
ď‚· Person-centered counseling:
Carl Rogers, in the early 1940s, established the person-centered therapy that is used today. The
core tenet of person-centered treatment is that the majority of people are progressing in the
direction of self-actualization, and this development is largely facilitated by the surroundings
that are made available to them. Treatments will be more geared towards and subject to various
people according to their needs and requirements since this is a significant component of
person-centered therapy. All people can fulfill their desired potential, which is another
important component of person-centered therapy. Because his needs and his condition are
distinct from those of other patients, one of the most significant benefits of this particular
treatment is that it will be effective (Renger, 2021). Because of this, it will be helpful to supply
him with the ideal conditions that streamline necessary for his growth. Additionally, it will
provide him with an intensive quantity of unconditional positive regard, which will assist him to
cope with the addiction to alcohol and diminish it accordingly.
Formulate a contract and case plan for Brad
After evaluating the contract and case plan, the following is the evaluation of Brad.
Cases Treatments Actions Duration Contract
Behavioral
evaluation
Cognitive-
behavioral therapy
and treatment
integration can be
taken into account
for behavior
evaluations.
The behavioral
correction will be
the focus of
treatment in this
case.
6-9 months Weekly
observation
Medication Using the DSM-V
as a guide, a
psychologist or
psychiatrist or
The patient will
be given clinical
drugs to reduce
the patient's
6-7 months The patient
requires monthly
medication
motive, which is often a time-consuming and incredibly extensive procedure of therapeutic
qualities that assists in determining Brad's psychological evaluation (here). For this particular
case study, the inclusion of psychoanalytic theory can be employed in short-term treatment,
depending on Brad's stability, to assist him to overcome his alcohol addiction.
ď‚· Person-centered counseling:
Carl Rogers, in the early 1940s, established the person-centered therapy that is used today. The
core tenet of person-centered treatment is that the majority of people are progressing in the
direction of self-actualization, and this development is largely facilitated by the surroundings
that are made available to them. Treatments will be more geared towards and subject to various
people according to their needs and requirements since this is a significant component of
person-centered therapy. All people can fulfill their desired potential, which is another
important component of person-centered therapy. Because his needs and his condition are
distinct from those of other patients, one of the most significant benefits of this particular
treatment is that it will be effective (Renger, 2021). Because of this, it will be helpful to supply
him with the ideal conditions that streamline necessary for his growth. Additionally, it will
provide him with an intensive quantity of unconditional positive regard, which will assist him to
cope with the addiction to alcohol and diminish it accordingly.
Formulate a contract and case plan for Brad
After evaluating the contract and case plan, the following is the evaluation of Brad.
Cases Treatments Actions Duration Contract
Behavioral
evaluation
Cognitive-
behavioral therapy
and treatment
integration can be
taken into account
for behavior
evaluations.
The behavioral
correction will be
the focus of
treatment in this
case.
6-9 months Weekly
observation
Medication Using the DSM-V
as a guide, a
psychologist or
psychiatrist or
The patient will
be given clinical
drugs to reduce
the patient's
6-7 months The patient
requires monthly
medication

7
medical professional
will be assigned to
provide him with
the medications he
needs to heal.
alcohol
consumption
attributions.
Counseling Clients' ability to
successfully
communicate and
give face-to-face
interviews will be
assessed as part of
the evaluation of the
motivational
interviews used in
therapy sessions
(Tong et al. 2019).
Communication
partnership and
information
exchange will be
more of a focus in
the response,
serving as a
primary guide for
the client and
aiding him in
understanding the
behaviors he
needs to
implement into
his values to
recover.
9-14 months The session will
be evaluated
monthly
Conclusion
In a nutshell, the case study that was chosen served to throw light on the numerous perspectives
that encourage an individual like Brad to contemplate alcohol intake, leading to its addiction,
which damages both their lifestyle and their behavior in the long run. In addition, by analyzing
the chosen case study, it is necessary to specify that the significance of incorporating a variety
of psychologically-related theories along with the treatment procedures can be effectively
incorporated within the course of action. This must be done to ensure that the course of action is
successful. The majority of these treatments are predicated on the biopsychosocial assessment
theory, which is then followed by individual treatment plans, cognitive behavioral treatments,
and therapy, as well as residential treatments, which will also promote psychoanalytic treatment.
Therapies that include medicine and counseling help drive the nature of addiction and the way it
medical professional
will be assigned to
provide him with
the medications he
needs to heal.
alcohol
consumption
attributions.
Counseling Clients' ability to
successfully
communicate and
give face-to-face
interviews will be
assessed as part of
the evaluation of the
motivational
interviews used in
therapy sessions
(Tong et al. 2019).
Communication
partnership and
information
exchange will be
more of a focus in
the response,
serving as a
primary guide for
the client and
aiding him in
understanding the
behaviors he
needs to
implement into
his values to
recover.
9-14 months The session will
be evaluated
monthly
Conclusion
In a nutshell, the case study that was chosen served to throw light on the numerous perspectives
that encourage an individual like Brad to contemplate alcohol intake, leading to its addiction,
which damages both their lifestyle and their behavior in the long run. In addition, by analyzing
the chosen case study, it is necessary to specify that the significance of incorporating a variety
of psychologically-related theories along with the treatment procedures can be effectively
incorporated within the course of action. This must be done to ensure that the course of action is
successful. The majority of these treatments are predicated on the biopsychosocial assessment
theory, which is then followed by individual treatment plans, cognitive behavioral treatments,
and therapy, as well as residential treatments, which will also promote psychoanalytic treatment.
Therapies that include medicine and counseling help drive the nature of addiction and the way it
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8
can be managed in a person, according to the basic philosophy of these treatments It is essential
to develop the evaluation of a treatment contract and case plan that will be individualized for
Brad's alcoholism treatment to guarantee that he will be able to effectively free himself of his
addiction to alcohol.
can be managed in a person, according to the basic philosophy of these treatments It is essential
to develop the evaluation of a treatment contract and case plan that will be individualized for
Brad's alcoholism treatment to guarantee that he will be able to effectively free himself of his
addiction to alcohol.

9
References
Cooper, R. (2018). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM). KO
KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION, 44(8), 668-676.
https://www.nomos-elibrary.de/10.5771/0943-7444-2017-8-668.pdf
Leuzinger-Bohleber, M., Hautzinger, M., Fiedler, G., Keller, W., Bahrke, U., Kallenbach, L., ...
& Beutel, M. (2019). The outcome of psychoanalytic and cognitive-behavioral long-term
therapy with chronically depressed patients: a controlled trial with preferential and
randomized allocation. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 64(1), 47-58.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0706743718780340
Mann, D. (2020). Gestalt therapy: 100 key points and techniques. Routledge.
https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315158495/gestalt-therapy-
dave-mann
Maxwell, M., Hibberd, C., Aitchison, P., Calveley, E., Pratt, R., Dougall, N., ... & Cameron, I.
(2018). The Patient Centred Assessment Method for improving nurse-led
biopsychosocial assessment of patients with long-term conditions: a feasibility
RCT. Health Services and Delivery Research, 6(4), 1-119.
https://dspace.stir.ac.uk/handle/1893/26611#.YvD9x3ZBy3A
Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., ... &
Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive–behavioral therapy in adults
with generalized anxiety disorder. BJPsych open, 4(5), 393-400.
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bjpsych-open/article/metacognitive-therapy-
versus-cognitivebehavioural-therapy-in-adults-with-generalised-anxiety-disorder/
D0099CA2C0936984F4C3BCCE41234511
Olson, A. W. (2020). PATIENT-CENTEREDNESS IN PHARMACIST PRACTICE: Filling a
foundation for what counts to patients (Doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota).
https://www.proquest.com/openview/2e7cc6984733193ac9ff7b4658ecc2f3/1?pq-
origsite=gscholar&cbl=44156
Renger, S. (2021). Therapists’ views on the use of questions in person-centered therapy. British
Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 1-13.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03069885.2021.1900536
References
Cooper, R. (2018). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM). KO
KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION, 44(8), 668-676.
https://www.nomos-elibrary.de/10.5771/0943-7444-2017-8-668.pdf
Leuzinger-Bohleber, M., Hautzinger, M., Fiedler, G., Keller, W., Bahrke, U., Kallenbach, L., ...
& Beutel, M. (2019). The outcome of psychoanalytic and cognitive-behavioral long-term
therapy with chronically depressed patients: a controlled trial with preferential and
randomized allocation. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 64(1), 47-58.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0706743718780340
Mann, D. (2020). Gestalt therapy: 100 key points and techniques. Routledge.
https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315158495/gestalt-therapy-
dave-mann
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Hong, S. H. (2018). The American Psychiatric Association practice guideline for the
pharmacological treatment of patients with alcohol use disorder. American Journal of
Psychiatry, 175(1), 86-90.
https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/abs/10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.1750101
Swan, A. M., & Ceballos, P. (2020). Person-centered conceptualization of multiculturalism and
social justice in counseling. Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies, 19(2),
154-167. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14779757.2020.1717981
Tong, Z., Cooke, C. E., & Brandt, N. J. (2019). Online provision of Part D medication therapy
management program information. Journal of Managed Care & Specialty
Pharmacy, 25(8), 898-903. https://www.jmcp.org/doi/full/10.18553/jmcp.2019.25.8.898
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