Brazil's Tourism Industry: Economic, Social, and Cultural Impacts

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Tourism Geographies

Executive Summary
The below mentioned research concentrates upon a thorough detailed study which has been
conducted regarding various factors of the travel and tourism sector as well industry inside
Brazil. In order to describe about the tourism condition and atmosphere of the country certain
factor like beautiful destinations, tourist information and tourist arrival were taken in
consideration. Alongside to ideate about the developmental condition, various appeals, visitor
types, motivational factors of the tourists, types of tourist attraction certain models and theories
are conducted to obtain a detailed analysis like Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and irritation index
Further the analysis helped to determine about the social and cultural effects of Brazil.
Furthermore the whole study has been supported by a brief conclusion along with possible
recommendations and suggestions.

Table of Contents
1. Introduction..................................................................................................................................5
2. An explanation of the destination including its location, development and appeal as a tourist
destination........................................................................................................................................8
3. An explanation of the type of tourist attraction, the range of visitor types and their motivations
to visit this attraction.....................................................................................................................11
4. A description of the current economic value of the destination to the country and worldwide 15
5. An explanation of the social and cultural features of the destination and a summary of the
economic, social and cultural impacts of the destination/ attraction.............................................16
6. Conclusions - Analysis..............................................................................................................18
7. Recommendations......................................................................................................................19
References......................................................................................................................................20

1. Introduction
The British economical condition has faced significant tough challenges by the value fluctuation
of their currency, Great Britain Pounds, during the times of recession, in the past. Despite all of
it, the inclination towards travel and tourism, among most of the residents of UK, remained the
same. The citizens of UK love travelling to different places, both conventional as well as
unexplored destinations, to take a break from their monotonous lifestyles. The popularity can be
understood from the international tourism habit on the different departures in different countries.
It has been measured and derived over a period of 22 years starting from 1995 till 2017. In 1995
the number of people who travelled to Algeria from United Kingdom was 1.90 million people
which increased to 5.58 million people in the year 2017 (Ruiz and Gândara, 2017). Similarly
towards Argentina, it was 3.8million people in 1995 which increased to 12.2 million people in
2017. People significantly traveled to Australia a lot from UK. it was 10.9 million people in
2017, while the number of travelers to Belgium was 12.1 million people in 2017. The graph
below depicts the number of departures in international tourism within last 22 years. (Watts,
2017).
Figure 1: The number of departures in International Tourism

Source: (Statisticstimes.com. 2019).
Brazil is a vast country which is a magnificent tourist spot for United Kingdom habitants if they
are looking for a common travel place outside Europe. It falls inside the South American region.
It is spread till the massive Iguazu falls. Tourism has become a major industry in Brazil (Tavares
and Leitão, 2017). The two beautiful countries Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo extends magnificent
natural scenery and sparkles with a mixture of culture and heritage towards their visitors. There
are also two glorific beaches in Brazil which provides a wide view and extension- Copacabana
and Ipanema. They are even culturally and artistically integrated and showers love towards
people through their Carnival festival which features; Samba music, dance, floating ships,
various colored costumes (Statisticstimes.com. 2019).
The highest tourist arrivals within last twenty-two years starting from 1995 to 2017 was
6589,000 people and the lowest number of arrivals within these consecutive years were
1991,000, in 2003 which were noted in. the most visitor number were 4.1 million in the year
2017. However the arrivals started with 6.55 million people and within the next years after
passing through several ups and downs it ended with an increase of 42,000 people by the year
2018.
Figure 2: Brazil Tourist Arrivals
Source: (FocusEconomics, 2019).
The international tourism expenditure was recorded as more than 17 billion dollars in the end of
2016 which was actually a decrease from the all total expenditure of international tourism in the
year 2015 recorded as above 20 billion dollars; the likely cause for the dip in the expenditure was
however not known. (FocusEconomics, 2019).
The approximate distance of Brazil from one of the prime countries of UK, England is 8800
kilometers. On the other hand the distance from United Kingdom to South America in average is
eight thousand eight hundred and fifty kilometers. Therefore international flight is the only way

to commute from United Kingdom to any South American country, especially Brazil (Tavares
and Leitão, 2017). The nonstop flight from London to Rio de Janeiro will take around 11 hours
and thirty minutes for the travelers where the fastest one stop flight from London to Rio de
Janeiro takes close to 14 hours. However in special cases some airlines take more than 39 hours
calculating the time spent in stopover destinations. The shortest journey route between United
Kingdom and Brazil is one nonstop flight from London Heathrow Airport to Galeão–antonio
Carlos Jobim International Airport. Advertently direct flights are also available to Rio or São
Paulo from Atlanta, Houston, Dallas, New York, Orlando, Washington, Chicago, Miami and
other recognized countries (Baumann and Matheson, 2018).
Figure 3: Rio de Janeiro
(Source: Bahia et al., 2018).

2. An explanation of the destination including its location, development and appeal as a
tourist destination
The widened stretch of Brazil is expanded from Amazon Basin in North America till the
vineyards and massive Iguacu falls of South America. The country is symbolized by Christ the
Redeemer statue and with many natural wonders inclusive of Amazon River and Amazon Jungle,
famous beaches like copacabana and Ipanema with celebrating festivals. Galeao International
airport is considered is considered as the main airport serving the whole of Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil. The referred airport is acknowledged as the second busiest international airport of the
country. For the ease of international travelers who are coming and going out of Brazil ii is also
recognized by another name, which is Antonio Carlos Jobim International Airport
(Ceicdata.com., 2019).
Figure 4: Sao Paulo
(Source: Bahia et al., 2018).
The Brazilians’ infrastructure and tourist facilities along with tourism services has followed a
successive growth and encouragement provided by all the events which occurred in 2014 Fifa
world cup. A lot of finance was compromised for building a antique, qualified and acute set of
infrastructure for supporting the events of World Cup. The all total economic impact of 2014

Fifa world cup was 70 billion dollars combining from both direct and indirect investment. The
millennium development goal of Brazil was achieved by decreasing and standardizing the one
fourth of the poverty rate than which was in 1990. During the year 2014 the transport fare was
arose due to the execution of 2014 Fifa world cup. Recently it was announced by the president of
Brazil that a commitment will be made for spending 66 billion dollars for the infrastructure
development projects, which will be executed more culturally and aesthetically. Brazil is still
able to invest more money for their economic and tourism growths in future. They are planning
to be more efficient and prompt in their executioner approach, along with welcoming foreign
investment. They have drawn a huge attraction and demand from the overseas in their various
products like; soybeans, coffee, and iron ore.
For the successful exhibition of their consecutive two events which were 2014 world cup and
2016 Olympics. The tourism has risen to 3.3 billion visitors from all over the world. The
popularity and beauty of the destinations ensures that there is a steady flow of tourists all-the-
year round in the destinations. The construction and electricity industries were benefited a lot
after the completion of world-cup in these last years as major food stores, clothing stores and
entertainment stores were inaugurated due to the reason of world cup and many people were
employed in those industries to tally the havoc needs which were originated from the occurring
of World Cup event.
There are various man made attractions in the heart of Brazil, firstly the very famous Cristo
Redentor which was a finery work of Polish-French Sculptor Paul Landowski, Carnaval created
which was designed by Oscar Niemeyer who was a popular architect of Brazil, Belo Horizonte
was a landmark building, whose gardens were designed by landscape architect Roberto Burle
Marx. (Meyer, 2019).

Figure 5: Cristo Redentor
Source: (Bahia et al., 2018).
There are also others various natural attractions in and around the whole country; the top five of
them are; Iguacu Falls, Amazon Rainforest, The Pantanal, Chapada Diamantina National Park.
and Fernando de Noronha.

3. An explanation of the type of tourist attraction, the range of visitor types and their
motivations to visit this attraction
There are quite a few museums and art galleries located in Brazil, namely, Museum of
Contemporary Art in Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Museum of Sacred Art and many more. Similarly,
some iconic historical landmarks of the country are well known too like Arcos da Lapa, Rio de
Janeiro, Montserrat Fort and Salvador (Data.worldbank.org., 2019).
There are different types of tourists across the whole world. Leisure tourists travel out of fun and
excitement to enjoy their relaxation period who are in a state of desire for rejuvenating and
revitalizing, whereas adventure tourist are those who wants to pursue unusual, dangerous types
of adventurous experiences. They often perform rock climbing, river rafting, skydiving etc.
Apart from these, the tourists who travel for business are considered as business tourists, and
impacts upon the Business world. Generally they travel for their product promotion or launching
ceremony or any trade show with similar others. The few other kind of visitors refer to religious
tourists, incentive tourists, cultural tourists and a few others. Generally the prime tourist base of
Brazil is composed of cultural, adventure and to a few extent leisure tourists. Since there are not
many organizations which has their head-offices or branches in Brazil, hence the number of
business tourists visiting the country is quite less.
‘Need’ refers to the physical, materialistic and psychological particle which is required for a safe,
stable and healthy life.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs can be referred as a motivational theory which psychologically
encompassed of a five level model of human needs. In order to understand the demand and
expected satisfaction bar and gradually meet them, the above theory can be implemented in
Brazil to know about the needs of the tourists travelling to the country (Lynch, 2015).
Physiological needs are regarded as the biological requirements for basic human survival like,
food, water, clothes, shelter and similar others..

Safety needs describe about the protection from certain elements along with the providence of
security, law, order, stability, freedom and fear control.
Love and belongingness needs refer to the social involvement and a feeling of belongingness
(Fallatah and Syed, 2018).
Figure 6: Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs
(Source: Fallatah and Syed, 2018).
Tourists actually need the fulfillment of the three needs mentioned in the Maslow's Hierarchy of
Needs viz. the physiological needs, safety needs and the love and the need of love and
belongingness. The physiological needs are fulfilled since Brazil has no evident shortage of food
and drinking water and thus the tourists are able to have access to the same. Owing to the
presence of numerous hotels and lodges, the tourists are provided with good accommodation
facilities in all the tourist destinations, all over the country. The governmental policies and the

steps adopted by the administrative staffs, along with efficient police forces and guards ensures
that the tourists are gifted with a safe and peaceful stay within the country, without having to
face any unforeseen circumstances like theft. The need for love and belongingness is fulfilled by
the tourist-friendly taxation and other policies, which helps tourists get access to all the amenities
at quite nominal charges as well as the amiable nature of the citizens residing therein who are
very tourist-friendly and helps in making their stay in the country a very pleasant one (Schulte,
2018).
What are motivators of tourists?
The internal motivators which play inside the tourists in time of travelling are mainly escaping
desire, relaxations necessity, shopping addiction, Requirement of social communication, self-
fulfillment expectation, enhancing family bond and spirit etc.
Irritation Index -
Irritation index is a model which helps to arrive at a suggestion that communities pass through a
series of reactions due to the impact of the evolving tourism industry in areas of Brazil. It helps
to understand the attitudes and behaviors of tourists and travellers and possess a significant
importance in evaluating Brazil’s tourism development over years (Prado et al., 2015.
Euphoria - According to this stage the visitors of Brazil are warmly welcome therefore they
come with least planning.