BRD209 Creativity and Innovation Project: Strategy for Fake News

This project addresses the critical issue of fake news and proposes strategies to enhance the public's ability to distinguish between accurate information and misinformation. The project follows the Osborn-Parnes Problem Solving Process, generating three distinct ideas: an acknowledgement system for authenticating news, internet filters to separate news from rumors, and public awareness campaigns to educate individuals about the impact of fake news. Each idea is accompanied by a potential solution, such as implementing algorithms for news selection and content filtering, and government-led initiatives to promote media literacy and critical thinking. The project concludes that the most efficient solution involves developing an algorithm with a watermark system to help readers judge the credibility of news sources, thereby separating factual incidents from rumors. The project aims to contribute to a more informed and discerning public, ultimately mitigating the negative effects of fake news on society.

Running head: FAKE NEWS
BRD209 Creativity and Innovation
Identification of Fake News
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author Note

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Fact Finding
Fact Finding is one of the most effective and necessary method used for the
development of the idea about the current problem 1. The process involves gathering of data
on the topic and obtaining an analysis of the data that is gathered on the topic. Fact finding
helps in providing insights to the basic issues that are identified globally, the existing models
for tackling the problems that are currently faced by the designers and the developers. In
addition to this, it provides the information about the obstacles that arise for the designers to
provide sufficient amount of solution to the problems.
The main purpose of finding facts is to gather data extensively. It helps in
understanding the problems that are required to be dealt with. It helps in avoiding the
incorrect evaluation of the problems identified in the current issue. The first step in focusing
in the problems and not directly on the solution.
Gathering of data
The fact finding process involves gathering the data which is the most important for
the related problems 2. The current issue with which the report deals is related to the problem
of helping the people for identifying the fake news. The data is to be gathered on this topic
and hence, literature review of various pieces created by different authors.
Social Media and Fake News in the 2016 Election
The paper describes the concerns that had been raised regarding the fake news of
the elections in the year of 2016. The evidences show that around 62 percent of the US adults
regard the social media as their main resource to obtain the news in any topic. However, most
1 Schmidt, Frank L., and John E. Hunter. Methods of meta-analysis: Correcting error and bias in research
findings. Sage publications, 2014.
2 Watzke, Robert. "Re: Zweifel et al.: Clinical and histopathologic findings in disseminated Mycobacterium
chimera infection after cardiothoracic surgery (Ophthalmology. 2017; 124: 178-188)." Ophthalmology 125, no.
5 (2018): e33.

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of the news which are released on social media are generally fake and mostly different from
the actual point of discussion of the fact 3. The main discussion on the paper focusses on the
fake news that prompted the population to elect Donald Trump over Hillary Clinton. The
wide range of fake news generated online make Donald Trump to be the more influenced
one, whereas had the people take care to judge the news that they are receiving, this would
not have been the result. The author provides data to denote the extent at which the fake news
was served to the people of USA 4. Facts that were released show the results of the theoretical
and empirical background of the debate that is being framed for the topic. It is understood
that fake news benefits some of the population of the whole mass but the majority of them are
misguided by the wrongly stated facts.
Analysis of the data
For the analysis of the data which was received from the resource, show that there
was survey conducted on around 1200 people. Around 156 news posts were regarded fake by
most of the people which was realised post-election5. In addition to this, 115 pro-Trump fake
news were also released for Trump on Facebook6. According to the survey although around
62% of the whole population consume the news from the social media only 12% of them
disregard the news as fake news and the others consume it as fake news. The news about
Trump was shared around 30 Million times and there were 41 pro Clinton fake news which
were viewed 7.6 times7.
3 Allcott, Hunt, and Matthew Gentzkow. "Social media and fake news in the 2016 election." Journal of
Economic Perspectives 31, no. 2 (2017): 211-36.
4 Stefler, Denes, Aytalina Azarova, Darja Irdam, Gabor Scheiring, Michael Murphy, Martin McKee, Larry King,
and Martin Bobak. "Smoking, alcohol and cancer mortality in Eastern European men: Findings from the
PrivMort retrospective cohort study." International journal of cancer (2018).
5 Schmidt, Frank L., and John E. Hunter. Methods of meta-analysis: Correcting error and bias in research
findings. Sage publications, 2014.
6 Schmidt, Frank L., and John E. Hunter. Methods of meta-analysis: Correcting error and bias in research
findings. Sage publications, 2014.
7 Schmidt, Frank L., and John E. Hunter. Methods of meta-analysis: Correcting error and bias in research
findings. Sage publications, 2014.

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Conclusion of Fact Finding
Hence for conclusion it can be easily said that 2016 election taking place in US was
affected by the fake news to a great extent and hence it can be derived that an election is a
very important event this is being affected and misguided by the fake news.
Idea Finding
Idea 1
Among the ideas which can be used for the solution to this problem the first idea is
implementation of an acknowledgement system that would be helpful in the identification of
the news which are not fake and genuine 8. The system would be able to authenticate the
news and only then the news would be posted on the internet. This would allow the general
public to only view the most accurate of the news and all the wrong rumours and the fake
news would be removed from the internet and this would help them in getting the right
decision prohibit all the restricted content from reaching out to the mass. The system would
be tallying the news from the different sources of procurement of news and would be using
the sources in the determining the most useful and genuine source and would be able to
authenticate them for publishing.
Idea 2
The second idea is making some filters on the internet that would be able to
distinguish the news from the rumours. The people would be able filter the results to receive
only the news and not the rumours. The news would be surveyed to the people of different
parts and the feedback received from the people of the different communities would be useful
in the decision making process about the correct news and the fake news. A database would
have been maintained where the people who reads the news would be able to provide their
8 Farsalinos, Konstantinos E., Kurt A. Kistler, Alexander Pennington, Alketa Spyrou, Dimitris Kouretas, and
Gene Gillman. "Aldehyde levels in e-cigarette aerosol: Findings from a replication study and from use of a new-
generation device." Food and Chemical Toxicology 111 (2018): 64-70.

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feedback and rating for the news regarding the genuinely of the news and the feedbacks and
rating would be stored in the database. The system would be useful in distinguishing the news
and the rumours and would be providing an efficient filter for the viewers.
Idea 3
The third idea is making the people aware of the facts about the fake news and the
rumours and the effect of the fake news on the global events in the world and also the impact
of the events on the lives of the people 9. Hence the idea is to reach out to the people so that
they get the right information while taking any decisions that might be affecting the political
and historical concepts of the worlds. There should be procedures that would be implemented
to make the people aware of the choices of their decision. With the awareness increased
within the minds of the people they would be able to make better decisions and decide upon
the news. They would be able to trust the news only when they are fully aware of the results
and the consequences of trusting the news and making the decisions. The people who are
aware of the current situation would be able to consider the news they read and also would be
able to make decisions on their choice about trusting the news and would be useful in
decision making.
Solution Finding
Solution 1
The solution for the first idea would be implementation of an algorithm for the
selection of the news that would be allowed to be posted on the internet. The news would be
having a watermark from the trusted sources which would not be copied by anyone else so
that the copyright of the news is being maintained. In addition to this, only the rightful
content would be reaching to the people and there would be less chances of the people being
9 Graziano, A., G. Lo Monte, I. Piva, D. Caserta, M. Karner, B. Engl, and R. Marci. "Diagnostic findings in
adenomyosis: a pictorial review on the major concerns." Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 19, no. 7 (2015): 1146-
1154.

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distracted by the fake news. The algorithm would also reduce the political influences on the
news and do not affect the decision-making procedure of the people.
Solution 2
The solution for the second idea involves the development of an algorithm that would
act as a filter for the search engines as this would be helpful in filtering the content that the
people of the world would be able to view 10. The social networking sites such as Facebook
and twitter would also be able use these extensions in their website so that they would be able
to provide the users with the filtered content. In addition to this, the news provides would also
be able to provide efficient news that would be helpful in providing the users with the rightful
content.
Solution 3
The solution for the third would be educating the people about the world politics and
providing them with historical references with each and every incident that is taking place
currently in the world. The government and the other controlling bodies should be taking
initiatives in organizing events that would be helpful in developing a mind-set for the
population that would help them to think correctly and make them understand the importance
of taking up useful decision that would be affecting the world politics and the future of the
country. The people would be self-sufficient in evaluating a particular news and make a
useful assumption regarding the news that they here.
Deciding and Implementing the final solution
The first solution seems the most efficient one as the development of an algorithm
that would be implementing the watermark system that would enable the readers to judge the
news and the credibility of the news that would be efficient in separating the actual incident
10 Schroeder, Jantine. Preparing for the future today: The findings of the NEA RK and M initiative for the short
term (This period covers several decades and likely more than 100 years. The actual duration will vary across
national programmes). No. NEA--7259. 2015.

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with the rumours. The implementation of such an application would also be very easy and the
development of the idea about the content and developing the credibility of the content is also
very easy.
Mind Map

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References
Allcott, Hunt, and Matthew Gentzkow. "Social media and fake news in the 2016 election."
Journal of Economic Perspectives 31, no. 2 (2017): 211-36.
Farsalinos, Konstantinos E., Kurt A. Kistler, Alexander Pennington, Alketa Spyrou, Dimitris
Kouretas, and Gene Gillman. "Aldehyde levels in e-cigarette aerosol: Findings from a
replication study and from use of a new-generation device." Food and Chemical Toxicology
111 (2018): 64-70.
Schmidt, Frank L., and John E. Hunter. Methods of meta-analysis: Correcting error and bias
in research findings. Sage publications, 2014.
Schroeder, Jantine. Preparing for the future today: The findings of the NEA RK and M
initiative for the short term (This period covers several decades and likely more than 100
years. The actual duration will vary across national programmes). No. NEA--7259. 2015.
Stefler, Denes, Aytalina Azarova, Darja Irdam, Gabor Scheiring, Michael Murphy, Martin
McKee, Larry King, and Martin Bobak. "Smoking, alcohol and cancer mortality in Eastern
European men: Findings from the PrivMort retrospective cohort study." International journal
of cancer (2018).
Watzke, Robert. "Re: Zweifel et al.: Clinical and histopathologic findings in disseminated
Mycobacterium chimera infection after cardiothoracic surgery (Ophthalmology. 2017; 124:
178-188)." Ophthalmology 125, no. 5 (2018): e33.