This report provides an analysis of population health screening, focusing on a case study of a 65-year-old woman diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer. The introduction highlights the shift in leading causes of death from infectious diseases to non-communicable diseases, emphasizing the importance of early health measurement. The body of the report defines health, referencing the WHO, and discusses indicators of health and disease, using data from the Health Profile of England 2017 to illustrate leading causes of death by age and gender. The case study details the woman's symptoms, medical history, and the impact of breast cancer on her physical, mental, and social health. The report examines the advantages and disadvantages of mammography, a key screening method, and concludes by summarizing the findings and emphasizing the need for early detection. The report also provides a comparison of disease occurrence in males and females and highlights the importance of early detection to minimize the severity of the disease. The report also included the advantages and disadvantages of using the mammography test.