Health Promotion Program for Breast Cancer in Women: A Report

This report presents a health promotion program aimed at increasing breast cancer awareness and improving health outcomes for women in Western Australia, specifically focusing on the Penrith region. The program begins with a comprehensive needs assessment, identifying the prevalence of breast cancer and the contributing factors, such as low health literacy and communication issues. The report outlines the rationale for the program, emphasizing the need to address these issues to reduce breast cancer incidence and improve treatment effectiveness. The goals and objectives are clearly defined, with both short-term and long-term targets, such as enhancing health literacy and promoting self-management. Strategies include surveys, visual aids, group discussions, and free check-ups. The action plan details the recruitment of health experts, data collectors, counselors, volunteers, and a marketing team. The report also includes a detailed evaluation plan, encompassing formative, process, and impact evaluations to assess the program's effectiveness and ensure continuous improvement.

Running head: HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAM FOR BREAST CANCER IN
WOMAN
HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAM FOR BREAST CANCER IN WOMAN
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Authors note

1HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAM FOR BREAST CANCER IN WOMAN
Table of Contents
Introduction....................................................................................................................2
Need assessment for health promotion..........................................................................2
Issues..............................................................................................................................3
Rationale........................................................................................................................4
Goal/Aim of the proposal...............................................................................................4
Objectives.......................................................................................................................4
Strategies........................................................................................................................6
Action plan.................................................................................................................7
Model based on 5 WH Formula.....................................................................................7
Materials.........................................................................................................................9
Location and time period...............................................................................................9
Framework of the action plan..............................................................................10
Evaluation....................................................................................................................11
Formative evaluation................................................................................................11
Process evaluation....................................................................................................11
Impact evaluation.....................................................................................................11
Conclusion....................................................................................................................12
References....................................................................................................................13

2HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAM FOR BREAST CANCER IN WOMAN
Introduction
Cancer has become one of the major reason for mortality throughout the world.
According to World Health Organization (2018), it is observed to be the second leading cause
for mortality approximately around 9.6 million deaths in 2018. Globally, it is observed that 1
out of 6 deaths occur due to cancer. Amongst all type of cancer, breast cancer is the largest
type of cancer along with lung cancer. It accounts to a population of 2.09 million cases
(Naher et al., 2018). Women are the most susceptible population for breast cancer, and it is
reported that in the year 2018 approximately 2,088,849 cases were reported accounting for
25% of all the cancers (Hwang et al., 2018). According to Australian institute of Health and
Welfare 2018 Cancer Data, in the year 2015, breast cancer became one of the most common
cancer and was reported to be frequently diagnosed in females. Hence, this report presents a
proposal for health promotion on breast cancer to educate and spread awareness amongst the
population of Western Australia.
Need assessment for health promotion
The need assessment is the systematic process for evaluating and determining the
priority for the conduction of health promotion among the women of 40 years in Penrith
According to Cancer in Penrith data projections 2018, it is reported that almost 57% of the
breast cancer in Australia are expected to be reported in Penrith with the highest incidences in
Mosman, Lane Cove, Hunters Hill, Woollahra, Lu-Ring-Ga (Wang, Hossain & Mackenzie,
2017). The major rationale for the conduction of the health promotion is to spread awareness
amongst the people of western Penrith and in turn decrease the prevalence of breast cancer in
the women of 40 years of that region. The incidence of the breast cancer among the women
of 40 years of age is high due to their slow metabolism and exposure to various
environmental agents that could cause cancer. The importance of awareness to control the

3HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAM FOR BREAST CANCER IN WOMAN
breast cancer and improve the effectiveness of its treatment, is a fundamental step to decrease
the high incidences of breast cancer. The assessment will be conducted by the mean of some
basic strategies which includes as follow. Firstly, improving the medical literacy in
Aboriginal and Torres Strait islanders and normal population. The assessment could be
achieved by mean of survey which will include women of above 35 years of age in Sydney,
where they will be asked several questions about their lifestyle and current knowledge of the
breast cancer. Further, spreading awareness about the breast cancer by mean of pamphlets
and group discussion could be effective in examining the intervention. According to
Mabachi et al. (2016), the term health literacy is defined as the capability of a person to
understand and obtain information regarding the medical conditions, services and treatments
that are required to make appropriate decisions. Furthermore, group activities, workshops and
counselling could be beneficial for assessing the need of the project.
Issues
The major issues that are the reason for this increased prevalence of breast cancer are
because of the delay in approach to medical treatment due to lack of medical literacy,
communication problem and trust of the health facilities provided. Moreover, difference in
cultural beliefs and lack of accessibility of the health care system also plays essential role in
decreasing the effectiveness of the treatment. Secondly, the social stigma works on the
women although they are aware of the importance of early medical treatment. It is the
uneasiness that constricts the women to discuss the problems with the medical professionals.
They are shy of discussing their problems and are unaware of proper communication
methods. This results in avoidance of seeking medical help in the initial days, as a result
intensifying the condition (Gibson, 2017). Hence, this leads to a situation to conduct health
promotion campaign to address these issues.

4HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAM FOR BREAST CANCER IN WOMAN
Rationale
The increasing rate of cancer in the target population is due to the lifestyle, poor
dietary habit, which includes low consumption of fruits and vegetables and high consumption
of fat, use of carcinogenic products and family history (Brennan et al., 2017). The incidence
of breast cancer is reported to cause high rate of mortality among the women of 40 years in
Penrith population, thus increasing health burden in the society. The major reason identified
is lack of awareness about the health issue that led to late diagnosis and its high prevalence.
Thus, there is the great to conduct the health promotion project in order to bring healthy
outcome and lower the rate of breast cancer among women of 40 years of age.
Goal/Aim of the proposal
Goal is defined as the noticeable and measurable end consequence having one or
more objective to be attained of the project within more or fixed timeframe (Bjørn et al.,
2018). The goal of the project targets the women having breast cancer of 35 years of age for
their health promotion. Thus. The main goal of Health promotion program is to focus on
health status of the women of Penrith suffering from breast cancer to improve their health,
self-management, mindfulness and increase health literacy. The proposal works with the aim
to decrease the rate of breast cancer and promoting health of the women population of above
35 years age in Penrith, Australia.
Objectives
The term objective is defined as the result that a system aims to achieve in specific
time period and with available resource. It is used to measure goal of the program (Alston &
Bowles, 2019). The primary objective of the program is to spread awareness amongst the
women of these regions by solving the common problems they face like low health literacy,
social stigma, communication problem and others. Moreover, the health promotion plan also

5HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAM FOR BREAST CANCER IN WOMAN
makes them aware of the possible causes and risk factors associated with cancer
development. Objective is divided into two sections- The Short-Term Objectives are those
which could be archived in less time, the long-term objectives are the goal which can be
observed after the long period of time ().
In order to achieve the target goal of the health promotion, the following are the short term
objective of program.
1. To improve the health literacy regarding breast cancer among the women of 40 years
of age, through small group teaching and effective conversation to achieve 60% of
health literacy within the period of one month.
2. To promote health awareness for self-management of cancer in women of 35 years
and above by mean of visual aids such as posters, brochures and pamphlets to
achieve 80% of awareness among them in the time frame of 2 months.
Following are the long term objective for the health promotion program:
1. To involve the breast cancer women in the effective discussion program to educate
them about various cause of cancers and can be measured by monitoring their daily
living activities and achieve 90% mindfulness among them in the period of 6 months.
2. To manage the metastatic breast cancer by mean of diet control, medication, treatment
and management, by measuring by regular check-ups to achieve low incidence of
breast cancer in the timeframe of 9 months.
Strategies
The term strategies is defined as the plan or method which is formulated to achieved
the desired goal (Noble & Smith, 2015). Therefore, for health promotion of the target
population following strategies could be undertaken that address the aim of the project.
Firstly a survey will be conducted in health care setting to assess the target population which

6HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAM FOR BREAST CANCER IN WOMAN
can take approx. of 2 months. The selected population will focus on women of 40years of age
having breast cancer. Secondly, they will be given effective education by mean of visual aid
and group discussion which can take 2 months. The activities that will be implemented to
achieve the objective are as follow:
 Survey- conduction of survey pre- and post- intervention is done to understand the
effectiveness of the health program, that whether it has fulfilled the objective or not
and also to compare the knowledge level and attitude of the people before and after
the health promotion program (Dixon et al., 2015). (In appendix 1, the list of
questions are formulated) (Viens et al., 2017).
 Spread awareness amongst people by use of visual aids such as posters, brochures
and pamphlets. According to Shabiralyani et al. (2015), improvement in
understanding, concepts are more accurately observed in people when visual aids are
used. The visual aids portrays a better image that is easy to understand and
comprehend. Moreover, in another study by Bobek and Tversky (2016), it was
reported that visual explanations works as a powerful tool in educating people. This
will result in better outcomes and increase the effectiveness of the program.
 Small group discussions or small group teachings can be employed as in a study by
Thotakura, Naveena and Anuradha (2018) reported that small group teaching methods
improves the communication skills in a person and also develops skills like
observations, better conversation and understand a single concept from varied
viewpoints.
 Teaching program- the target group of population will be given effective education
by involving health professional. They will teach them about the cause of breast
cancer, preventive measure, symptoms and warning sign. It will make them aware

7HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAM FOR BREAST CANCER IN WOMAN
about various aspect of breast cancer and help to lower the rate of incidence of breast
cancer. (The teaching program is listed in appendix II)
 Providing free check-ups and diagnosis of breast cancer- another strategy is to
involve the target population in free screening of breast cancer that will help in
knowing the prevalence rate of breast cancer and potential cause of it. The diagnosed
women will be given advice about the diet control and prescribe effective medication
and treatment option.
Action plan
Model based on 5 WH Formula
(Fig- plan model Created by author)
To carry out a program, the basic amenity is human resource without which none of the
work can be completed within the time frame. Hence, recruitment of staff is important and
the staff recruited should have technical skills and expertise on the specific fields Kavanagh &
Johnson, 2017). For the health promotion program, the staff recruitment can be done in the
following categories-
WHO- Human
resource and
material
WHAT- Strategies
for health
promotion among
the breast cancer
women
WHERE - In health
care setting
WHEN- At the time
of acceptance of
proposal
WHY- For health
promotion
HOW- By mean of
survey, group
discussion and
health literacy

8HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAM FOR BREAST CANCER IN WOMAN
 Health expert- They are oncologist who have a good knowledge on the medical field
and the pathophysiology of the disease. They can educate the population about the
risk factors associated with cancer development and the benefit of accessing treatment
at the initial level of the disease.
 Data collector and analyser- They are trained stats specialist who will be collecting
data from the targeted population by the means of a survey and those data will be
analysed to understand the outcome of the program. 10 -15 data collector and analyser
should be appointed.
 Counsellors- They are psychotherapist who will be counselling the patients to
understand their problem (Selohilwe et al., 2019). Hence, 10-15 counsellors needs to
be hired.
 Volunteers- They are general people chosen from population who will be going to
different people and distributing posters on breast cancer. Around 100 volunteers
should be hired for the execution of the health program.
 Publisher- They required for the printing purpose of the posters that is to be
distributed. 2-3 publishers needs to be booked.
 Marketing team - A team of 5-8 people can form the marketing team with good
background knowledge of the marketing strategies (Andrade et al., 2018).
 Shareholder or sponsors- It includes people, who will be funding the health program
which includes government, non –government organisations, hospitals and other
health oriented personnel.
 Advisory board- This board is required for providing continuous planning, advice and
oversight to the health program. The play an essential role in improving the
effectiveness of the plan. A board of 5 -10 people can be made, each one of them

9HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAM FOR BREAST CANCER IN WOMAN
having expertise on each field. For example- medical professional, marketing
manager, humanitarian, public speaker, policy maker and others.
Materials
Table 1- materials required for the execution of the plan.
Materials Amount
Area or room for the conduction of the
program
3 halls
3 hospitals
Materials Table, chair, fan, electricity, poster printer,
white board, projector, internet access, bill
boards, survey questionnaire, pen
Fund Payment for materials, wages for the people
working, poster printing, rent of the
premises
(Source- created by the author)
Location and time period
The location in which the health program is supposed to be taking place is on the
Western Penrith area as the population chosen for this program is of that region. The total
time period of the health promotion program is 8 weeks, and will commence from the months
of July-August.

10HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAM FOR BREAST CANCER IN WOMAN
Framework of the action plan
1. Arrangement of all the resources and funding to carry out the program will be done.
Target population will be selected by pre-intervention survey with the use of
questionnaire (attached in the appendix), to evaluate the knowledge of the population and
chose the population with breast cancer.
2. Explaining the plans and strategies of the entire program to the target population to take
their personal consent.
3. Undertake health literacy program by mean of presentation, effective communication
which explain the risk factor and self-management.
4. Then conducting of workshops for 8 weeks and distributing the posters and study
materials for self-examination.
5. Post intervention survey on the target population will be conducted and evaluation of the
knowledge level and comparison of pre- and post-intervention will be conducted to check
the effectiveness of the program.
arranging the
resource for the
health promotion
plan
target population
will be selected by
mean of survey
provided with all
the relevent
informtaion about
the strategiesgiving education
by mean of
presentation and
distributing health
promotion posters
and teaching plan
conducting the
workshop for 7
weeks
undertaking survey
to evaluate the
effectiveness of
the strategies.

11HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAM FOR BREAST CANCER IN WOMAN
Evaluation
The efficient and systematic accumulation of information related to the health
program plan that helps in conducting critical analysis based on which decisions regarding
the program can be made is known as evaluation (Issel & Wells, 2017). There are different
kinds of evaluation which includes are formative evaluation, process evaluation, impact
evaluation, and outcome evaluation.
Formative evaluation
This evaluation involves the gathering of information based on which the program
implementation is strategized and modified. This process helps to understand the need of the
plan in the current situation. It could be achieved by pre-process survey to understand there
level of understanding. For example- if the survey reflects that most of the respondents are
aware of breast cancer but are unaware of proper treatment care, then the health promotion
plan can be focusing more on the education to treatment.
Process evaluation
This involves gathering of information during the processing and implementation of
the program. Hence, daily record will be maintained by the volunteer regarding the
processing which will be analysed by the health manager to make the required changed. This
evaluation helps to understand the extent to which the health plan has justified its objectives.
Impact evaluation
This method checks the effect of the health promotion program on the targeted
population and whether the aims are reached or not. In this case, the post intervention survey
can act as an attribute to evaluate the outcome. For example- on comparison to the pre
intervention survey, if the post intervention program shows better awareness amongst the
population due to conduction of the awareness program, this may represent that the health