Breast Cancer Awareness and Screening Program: Healthcare Assignment

This healthcare assignment presents a comprehensive report on a breast cancer screening program designed for African-American women in Detroit, Michigan. The project is grounded in the Health Belief Model and aims to increase breast cancer awareness and encourage screening through mammography. The report details the program's background, emphasizing the high prevalence of breast cancer in the target population, and outlines the screening procedure, which includes mammography conducted by a team of medical professionals. It also specifies the target population, screening activities, outcome goals (education and screening), location (Campus Martius Park, Detroit), and associated costs. The program intends to educate participants about breast cancer and provide free mammography screenings, with a nominal registration fee. The assignment concludes by highlighting the importance of early detection in reducing breast cancer mortality and reiterates the program's objectives and procedures.

Running head: HEALTHCARE ASSIGNMENT
HEALTHCARE ASSIGNMENT
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author Note:

1HEALTHCARE ASSIGNMENT
Background:
Breast cancer in the United States of America has emerged out to be a major life-
threatening concern in females. Statistical figures reveal that one out of every 8 women would
develop breast cancer in her life time (Breastcancer.org, 2019). A total number of 268,600 cases
of invasive breast cancer have been reported in the year 2019 in combination with 62,930 cases
of non-invasive breast cancer (Breastcancer.org, 2019). Mortality rates due to breast cancer are
on the rise and it has been roughly estimates that 41,760 women across the United States might
die of breast cancer in the year 2019 (Harding et al., 2015).
Conceptual Model:
The screening program would be based on the Health Belief Model. The Health Belief
Model is based upon a psychological assumption and is used for explaining and predicting health
behavior within a community (Green & Murphy, 2014). The screening project would be
critically span across three important considerations of the model that includes, creating an
awareness among the people to induce a feeling about the negative implication of a health
condition (breast cancer), inducing an expectation that on adopting a recommended step
(screening procedure) the adverse complications could be avoided and instilling a belief that the
people are capable of undertaking the proposed action (screening) to improve their health
outcome.
Screening Procedure:
The common screening procedure that is recommended for the detection of breast cancer
is Mammography. Typically a mammogram can be defined as a x-ray image of the breast, which
helps in identifying the presence of a tumor or an abnormality that leads to breast cancer (Siu,

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2016). Mammography is the initial screening procedure that helps in the detection of breast
cancer in women who otherwise present no signs and symptoms of the disease condition
(Medlinephus.gov, 2019). Studies reveal that mammography is extremely effective in
determining the presence of breast cancer in adult women (Siu, 2016).
Target Population:
Research studies reveal that the prevalence of breast cancer is the highest in African-
American women within the United States of America. Mortality cases due to breast cancer have
been reported the highest in African-American women who are aged below 45 years. Prevalence
rate in Hispanic, Native-American and Asian women within the United States of America have
been reported to be significantly lower. Therefore, the target population for the program would
comprise of the African-American women in Detroit, Michigan.
Screening Activity:
The screening activity would be headed by a team of professionals that would comprise
of 8 female RNs and 8 female Community Nurse, a general physician, an APN and other
supporting staff members. The inclusion of female care professionals is to ensure convenience
and comfort of the women participants. A session briefing about breast cancer and its implication
on health would be conducted by the GP and the APN, followed by the screening procedure that
would be conducted by the team of RNs and Community Nurses. The care professionals would
conduct a mammography scan of the interested participants, where a participant would be
screened with the help of an X-ray machine. The reports would be mailed to the participants at
their respective mailing address within a week. The screening would be conducted free of cost.

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However a nominal amount of $50 would be charged from the participants for registration one
week prior to the event.
Outcome Goals:
The outcome goals would comprise of firstly educating the target participants about
breast cancer and creating awareness. In addition to this, the second goal would comprise of
encouraging the participants to undergo the screening procedure for positive health outcome.
Location:
Population statistics reveal that the maximum percentage of African-American women is
based at Detroit, Michigan (BlackDemographics.com, 2019). Therefore, the screening program
would be hosted at Detroit, Michigan on Sunday 24th Feb, 2019, from 8AM till noon in the
Campus Martius Park.
Cost:
Resource Expenditure
Space Rent $500
Equipment $300
Human Resource $1700
Promotion of the event (through posters and
pamphlet distribution)
$500
Total expenditure $3000

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Summary:
Breast cancer has become a primary health concern in the United States of America with
a high morbidity and mortality rate. Statistical facts and figure reveal that breast cancer accounts
for the highest number of death in women after lung cancer. Also, approximately 3.1 million
women living within the United States have a medical history of breast cancer. Further, the
prevalence has been reported to be the highest in African-American women, compared to Native
Americans or women of Hispanic origin. Studies reveal that an early detection of breast cancer
could help in significantly curtailing the mortality rate in women. Therefore, this project intends
to conduct a Breast Cancer Awareness and Screening Program in Detroit, Michigan, on 24th Feb,
2019 from 8AM till noon in the Campus Martius Park. The program would comprise of an
education and awareness session which would be headed by a GP and an APN who would talk
about Breast Cancer and its negative implication on health. Following the session, a
mammography screening procedure would be conducted by a team of care professionals who
would conduct the mammography scan and mail the reports to the participant’s mailing address.
Individuals testing positive would be referred to care facilities and supported with treatment.

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References:
BlackDemographics.com (2019). Population Statistics. [online] BlackDemographics.com.
Available at: http://blackdemographics.com/ [Accessed 21 Feb. 2019]. Retrieved From:
http://blackdemographics.com/
Breastcancer.org (2019). U.S. Breast Cancer Statistics | Breastcancer.org. [online]
Breastcancer.org. Available at:
https://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/understand_bc/statistics [Accessed 21 Feb.
2019]. Retrieved From: https://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/understand_bc/statistics
Green, E. C., & Murphy, E. (2014). Health belief model. The Wiley Blackwell encyclopedia of
health, illness, behavior, and society, 766-769. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118410868.wbehibs410
Harding, C., Pompei, F., Burmistrov, D., Welch, H. G., Abebe, R., & Wilson, R. (2015). Breast
cancer screening, incidence, and mortality across US counties. JAMA internal
medicine, 175(9), 1483-1489. DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.3043.
Medlineplus.gov (2019). Mammography | Mammogram | Breast Cancer | MedlinePlus. [online]
Medlineplus.gov. Available at: https://medlineplus.gov/mammography.html [Accessed
21 Feb. 2019]. Retrieved From: https://medlineplus.gov/mammography.html
Siu, A. L. (2016). Screening for breast cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force
recommendation statement. Annals of internal medicine, 164(4), 279-296. DOI:
10.7326/M15-2886