A Comparative Study of BRIC Nations: Tech & Environment Policies

This dissertation presents a comparative analysis of the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India, and China), focusing on their technological advancements and the corresponding environmental policies. The study explores the economic and demographic characteristics of these nations, recognizing their significant role in global trade and development. The research investigates the pros and cons of technological progress in these countries, particularly its impact on natural resources. The methodology includes an interpretivism philosophy and the use of secondary data, incorporating business models such as SWOT and PESTLE analyses for each country. The findings reveal the high levels of technological development in all four nations and its associated environmental damage. The dissertation concludes with recommendations for adopting environmentally friendly practices and policies to mitigate the negative impacts of technological advancement. The structure includes an introduction, literature review, research methodologies, data analysis, and conclusions with recommendations, providing a comprehensive overview of the subject.

Dissertation
“A comparative study of BRIC
countries in the context of
technological advancement and
environmental policies”

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am so thankful to all those persons who have given me provision, guidance as well as
much needed motivation so as to complete the current research study. Firstly, I owe my thanks to
guide who gave me chance to undertake this dissertation. Furthermore, I am thankful to my team
members, family and friends who helped me in all possible accords. This led to a successful
completion of my dissertation and achievement of relevant results.

ABSTRACT
The current research study is carried to analyse the comparative study of these nations as
a way of outlining its varied technical advancements that is being done at the cost of earths
natural resources. It is based upon the four countries of BRIC where all of this represents to be
the four large developing nations that are eminent than the host of other emerging states in terms
of merchandising. It is together associated with some other main agendas in terms of
acknowledging some of its relative considerations. In context to which, the pros are being
reflected as technical advancements that are continually taking place in the emerging nations of
BRIC. An interpretivism philosophy has been undertaken here as a way of obtaining the a
relevant set of data and comparing it with realistic scenario. Along with which, a reliable set of
data has been gathered from secondary resources. This has been concluded from the findings that
all the four nations are too much developed and advanced in the field of technology and has
caused an equivalent amount of harm to nature and its resources. Thus it has been advised that
these countries should strive to adopt nature friendly practices and policies so that this kind of
excessive damage is not caused to environment.

TABLE OF CONTENT
..........................................................................................................................................................5
CHAPTER- 1...................................................................................................................................6
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................6
1.1 Background...........................................................................................................................6
1.2 Rationale of the study............................................................................................................6
1.3 Research aims and objectives................................................................................................7
Research questions......................................................................................................................7
1.4 Analysis and framework.......................................................................................................7
1.5 Structure of the dissertation..................................................................................................8
1.6 Conclusion.............................................................................................................................9
CHAPTER- 2.................................................................................................................................10
LITERATURE REVIEW..............................................................................................................10
2.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................10
2.2 Pros of BRIC countries to developed and underdeveloped nations as a way of addressing
technological advancements in the human race........................................................................10
2.3 Cons of BRIC countries to developed and underdeveloped nations with regards to the
damage to earth’s natural resources and environment..............................................................12
2.4 Aspect of trade off among technical advancement and damaging environment.................14
2.6 Conclusion...........................................................................................................................15
CHAPTER- 3.................................................................................................................................16
RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES...............................................................................................16
3.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................16
3.2 Research philosophy...........................................................................................................16
3.3 Research approach..............................................................................................................16
3.4 Research design...................................................................................................................17
3.5 Research technique..............................................................................................................17
3.6 Data collection....................................................................................................................18
3.7 Data analysis.......................................................................................................................18
3.8 Validity and reliability........................................................................................................19
3.9 Ethical consideration...........................................................................................................19

3.10 Research limitation............................................................................................................19
3.11 Conclusion.........................................................................................................................20
CHAPTER- 4.................................................................................................................................21
DATA ANALYSIS........................................................................................................................21
4.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................21
4.2 Secondary data analysis......................................................................................................21
4.2.1 Application of business models.......................................................................................21
SWOT analysis of Brazil..........................................................................................................22
PESTLE analysis of Brazil........................................................................................................23
SWOT analysis of Russia..........................................................................................................24
PESTLE analysis of Russia.......................................................................................................25
SWOT analysis of India............................................................................................................25
PESTLE analysis of India.........................................................................................................26
SWOT analysis of China...........................................................................................................27
PESTLE analysis of China........................................................................................................28
4.3 Findings of secondary data analysis....................................................................................29
4.4 Conclusion...........................................................................................................................32
CHAPTER- 5.................................................................................................................................33
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.............................................................................33
5.1 Conclusion...........................................................................................................................33
5.2 Recommendations...............................................................................................................34
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................38

CHAPTER- 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
The term BRIC is a prime composition of four leading nations where it is together
entitled as a grouped form of Brazil, Russia, India and China. These are stated to be the four
large developing nations that are eminent than the host of other emerging states in terms of
merchandising. It is basically in configuration to their potent economic and demographic traits
that are ranked to be at a number one position in the world (Absell, 2015). They are together
evident to reflect an ample and most authoritative economies in 21st century with a reasonable
possibility of realizing it. Along with which, these four nations comprising BRIC countries are
also referred to consist of more than 2.8 billion people that is 40% of the total world’s
population.
It thus covers much more than a single quarter of the world’s total land area which is over
its three largest continents that accounts more than 25% of worldwide GDP. The current survey
is carried to critically analyse the comparative study of these nations as a way of outlining its
varied technical advancements that is being done at the cost of earth's natural resources (Armijo
and Katada, 2014). It is thus apparent to probe its associated cons where these emerging nations
are anticipated to dominate the globe in terms of supplying and manufacturing commodities by
the end of 2050. It is however with a segregated clause of two nations namely Brazil and Russia
who are expected to lead the world in terms of supplying raw materials. Wherein, India and
China will predominate by supplying manufactured products and services.
1.2 Rationale of the study
A prime reason behind conducting this investigation is “A comparative study of BRIC
countries in the context of technological advancement and environmental policies”. It is together
associated with some other main agendas in terms of acknowledging some of its relative
considerations. In context to which, the pros are being reflected as technical advancements that
are continually taking place in the emerging nations of BRIC (Di Vita, 2015). However, it is
occurring at the cost of damaging the natural resources of earth by together impacting upon the
overall surrounding. This research work has thereby intended to make a close scrutinization of
both these positive and negative dimensions of the emerging states of BRIC. It is anticipated to
support in the removal of such pessimistic attributes of BRIC nations. For which, this

interrogation has together focussed on applying some relevant business models like PESTLE and
SWOT on each of these countries. It is basically done as a way of identifying their prevalent
state with a prior scope of succeeding towards an affirmative development of all these nations.
1.3 Research aims and objectives
A prior aim of this study is “A comparative study of BRIC countries in the context of
technological advancement and environmental policies”. This is further followed by some well
defined objectives that are as mentioned below-
 To compare the BRIC nations in terms of technical progressions and their implicated
environmental policies.
 To ascertain the aspect of trade off among technical advancement and damaging
environment.
 To recommend some effective ways by which the BRIC countries can reduce the
negative impact of technological advancement on environment.
Research questions
These queries are hereby based upon the above formulated aims and objectives of the
study and are as stated below-
 What are the comparative elements of BRIC nations in terms of technological
advancements and their implicated policies of environment?
 What are the facets of trade off between technical advancement and damaging
environment?
1.4 Analysis and framework
This section has depicted an analytical framework of this research work as a way of
defining its conceptual structure. In context to which, the current interrogation is explanatory in
nature where the researcher has intended to examine the comparative study of BRIC countries to
developed and underdeveloped nations. This will hereby necessitate the investigator to explain
the prevalent measures of BRIC with some definite evidences (Gray, 2013). This design is
together apparent to identify some other relative traits of BRIC nations as a way of assisting a
directional trade in the countries with productive outcomes. Apart from which, a deductive
research approach has together been employed by the surveyor over here as a way of moving
from general to specific direction.

It is with a fundamental state of the investigation topic where the entire study is based
upon a prime identification of the comparative study of BRIC countries to developed and
underdeveloped nations in terms of trading. For which, an interpretivism philosophy has been
undertaken here as a way of obtaining the a relevant set of data and comparing it with realistic
scenario. Along with which, a reliable set of data has been gathered from secondary resources
(Grieco, Ikenberry and Mastanduno, 2014). Though, the collection of secondary data has been
done from genuine set of books, journals, magazines and online publications that has ultimately
reflected the base of the study.
1.5 Structure of the dissertation
It is basically in order to carry out the investigation in an effective manner where this in
turn necessitates the investigator to prosecute a directional format with a prior
inten6_1491486345t of timely achieving the defined goals of the study. With reference to which,
below is the outlined structure of the present investigation that will be followed by the surveyor:
Chapter 1 Introduction: It represents the foremost chapter of this dissertation that has referred to
provide data in regard to justify the chosen topic of the research. It has covered some principle
areas of investigation that has involved background, rationale, aims and objectives, research
questions and its analytical framework, etc. Moreover, this chapter has together assisted in giving
a pertinent idea with respect to the chosen subject matter of the survey by discussing upon the
BRIC nations and there related comparative study to developed and underdeveloped nations.
Chapter 2 Literature review: It has represented the second unit of this thesis where distinct
examination have been carried out by the researcher as a way of acknowledging varied views of
the authors on an analogous research topic. This chapter has largely aided in secondary
collection of data from different books, journals, magazines and online publications by
eventually responding to all its framed research questions.
Chapter 3 Research methodologies: This has represented another significant chapter of this
survey where some prime decisions have been undertaken by the investigator as a way of
selecting appropriate tools and techniques for conducting the recent study. Wherein, the surveyor
in the present research work has referred to secondary measures of data collection. It is by
further analysing the data through qualitative techniques with a deductive approach as a way of
succeeding towards its anticipated goals.
Chapter 4 Data analysis: It is depicted as the fourth chapter of this thesis into which the
obtained outcomes of secondary data collection have been assessed. For which, the current

investigation has framed several themes based upon the acquired answers of the respondents
portraying qualitative set of information’s has been evaluated.
Chapter 5 Conclusion and recommendations: It is depicted as the final unit of this dissertation
where it has further corresponded to the derived findings of the research. Furthermore, it has
together postulated the investigator to confirm a prime attainment of the undertaken objectives of
this survey by together defining some of its additive facts and verdicts. On whose basis, further
recommendations have been conferred by the surveyor as a way of proposing certain effective
ways in which the BRIC countries can tend to reduce the negative impact of technological
advancement on environment.
1.6 Conclusion
The above unit has outlined the introductory part of this thesis as a way of exhibiting a
justified research topic that has been chosen to carry out the entire study. In context to which, it
has hereby articulated the background of the investigation by together describing the rationale of
the study, aims, objectives and questions of the research. Lastly, it has together described the
analytical framework of this investigation with an ultimate part named structure of the
dissertation that has clearly defined the format of the study required to be pursued by the
surveyor.
6_1491486345

CHAPTER- 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
This part of literature review is one of the most essential unit of the dissertation that
largely support in the study of secondary resources. Herein, the present research has reflected the
subject matter of BRIC countries as a way of acknowledging its related comparative study on the
developed and underdeveloped nations in terms of trading (J6_1491486345akupec and Kelly,
2016). This section of literature review has referred to highlight some substantial information
that has been collected as a way of satisfying the defined aims and objectives of the
investigation. It is however done by referring to distinct standpoint of various authors as a way of
referring to the chosen topic of the research.
2.2 Pros of BRIC countries to developed and underdeveloped nations as a way of addressing
technological advancements in the human race
This section has referred to identify some beneficial prospects of BRIC where a large
number of businesses consider it as a principle opportunity of international expansion with
auspicious economies to invest upon. (2017) has hereby defined it to be a key reason of low
production and labour costs in these four nations that largely aid the industries to extend their
contracted businesses over there. The BRIC nations namely Brazil, Russia, India and China
consider technology as an imperative mean of advancement where it is referred to led by
innovation. It is with a fundamental sense of shaping the rising future of the countries in terms of
trading that will ultimately raise the economic condition of the nations as well.
Polson and Whiteside (2016) has hereby presented yet another viewpoint in whose
concord, there exists an active technical landscape that is led by some recent trends of digitalized
consumers. It is further aided by mobility and cloud, etc., amongst all other dimensions of
technology. These trends are in turn proven to bestow newer trade opportu6_1491486345nities
to the establishments to succeed towards a technology-led growth and invention. Where, these
two approaches are referred to be a foremost requirement to survive in today's contemporary
world of business where the consumers are constantly reflecting changed preferences. It is
therefore important for the enterprises operating in the BRIC nations to meet the changing mind-
set of their consumers by analysing their dissimilar patterns of consumption.

Rothschild (2016) has hereby detailed yet another fact of today's society where people are
apparent to live in a modern age where the rising tendency in society and technology are
constantly changing in the mode they refer to interact with one another. It is with some proven
facts where more than 50% of the total population of the world is below than the age range of 30.
This ration reflects 2 billion internet users at a worldwide level where 87% of the total
population of this globe are proven to possess a mobile phone. It is along with some evidential
facts of social media where in case, Facebook was representing a country, then it would have
depicted the 3rd most global inhabited that is double the size of U.S.
It is in accordance to the presented statement of Vassileva and Nikolov (2016), where a
technological revolution is always referred to contribute in benefiting the society with some
large-scale profits. It is mainly in configuration to both industrial revolution and a raised digital
era. This is for instance to depict the first phase of such technical revolution in both developed
and underdeveloped nations, where automation into the manufacturing industry has resulted in
tremendous rise in productivity. It is with reference to the cost of unlimited occupational
opportunities for the youngsters that has largely supported the economic growth of the nations as
well. Another potent stage of technological revolution is in evidence to witness an automated
service occupations. It is where the service industries are largely getting into a primary
consideration of using equipped machines in the place of living human beings. It has been
envisioned by a rising use of automatic teller machines that have replaced the desk cashiers in
the banking institutes and other financial departments of almost all organisations.
Anich, Crush, Melde and Oucho (2014) have argued upon yet another potent phase of
technological revolution where people are preparing to witness a rise in high tech jobs and niche
in the upcoming future that is soon evident to showcase enormous repetitive jobs for the
aspirants. It is along with another technical phase that are apparent to create several technologies
driven jobs within a set period of next 5 years. These occupations are however with reference to
depict some leading fields of robotics, genome technology, healthcare, mobility and personalized
care, etc., as compared to other substantial alternatives that are usually foreseen. Whereas,
investing into these opportunities are together showcasing a prime requisition of some
fundamental enablers.
BRIC represent technological advancement through emerging powers attempting which
enhance political and economic integration in global changes. Opportunities can also be
determined as advantages which enables to handle global changes. Further, it also develops
scenarios which are intended to address scope of possible development programs. Thus,

countries can easily leads with making cooperation through continue development at each level
with maintain closely relationship. With time, there are many changes that take place and it is
important to make sure that new technology is implemented. This is helpful enough to make sure
that high quality services are being delivered to people.
As per Grieco, Ikenberry and Mastanduno, (2014), advancement in technology enables to
attain competitive advantage. In this context, it can be stated that the world has become a global
village and the rate of competition among countries are very high. With this respect,
advancement in technology has becomes highly important for commercial business. With the
help of technology, it enables to make sure that countries get to spend over research and
technology. This can be compared with the past year in which there were many aspects that
countries were not able to achieve and it was due to lack of technology (Grieco, Ikenberry and
Mastanduno, 2014). However, with time there are many areas that has been considered and this
has become possible with the advancement in technology. Research and development has
enabled in identifying specific products and also helped in considering the needs and
requirements of public and private wants.
2.3 Cons of BRIC countries to developed and underdeveloped nations with regards to the
damage to earth’s natural resources and environment
This section has referred to reveal certain disadvantageous traits of BRIC nations where
they are evident to deal with some major environmental issues in the stake of adhering to the
technical advancements in both developed and underdeveloped markets. Danns (2016) has
hereby highlighted the fact of environmental degradation that is currently referred to be a likely
risk that could together impact upon the economic rise of BRIC nations in a negative manner. It
is where another critical existence of global warming is together evident to make a serious effect
on the rural earnings in some particular nations of BRIC namely Brazil, India and China.
Dodds (2014) has hereby argued upon some other cons of BRIC countries where
industrialization, urbanization with an intense state of agriculture are also evident to create an
immense pressure on the environment of each of the country's. This statement is along with some
proven information where such leading cities in BRIC countries are Shanghai, Rio de Janeiro, St
Petersburg and Mumbai where they are highly assailable to ascending sea levels. This record has
together reflected yet another concern where one fourth of the total global population in the
BRIC nations are evident to reside near coastline with a major risk of lives in case they met with
any uncertain events and disasters like Tsunami, etc. Wherein, all these are together referred to

locate nearby significant areas of agriculture where an atrocious event is likely to suffer the
agricultural production as well.
Jakovljevic (2014) have hereby argued that even in case the BRIC countries tends to
avoid any state of calamity, the also they are referred to bound by varied environmental treaties
that are obvious to confine their growth to a greater extent. Resource issues are together referred
to be yet other cons of BRIC nations where Brazil and Russia are amongst the resource-rich
exportation of commodities. However, China and India are greatly dependent on the measures of
import as a way of rendering their development. It is in case, increasing deficit and rivalry for
resources tends to drive up the price of commodities, then their growth models are apparent to
weaken.
Kais and Ben Mbarek (2015) in contradiction to it have presented yet another standpoint
where technical advancements are referred to lessen the dependency on customary sources of
energy. This will directly affect the two leading countries namely Russia and Brazil where they
with decreased growth prospectives. Wherein, there together existed some structural restraints
along with some major demographic issues that are evident to create certain negative effects on
the environment. It is where the demographics are being discussed on the basis of India's robust
population growth with a contrasting state in Russia where they are evident to deal with a
declining population in their country. However, the other two nations namely Brazil and China
are predicted to face such declining state in the upcoming decades. It is with a partial sense of
China's 'one family one child' policy that is apparent to lessen their population to a greater extent.
It is therefore in association to a declining population in both the countries of Russia and China
where they are together facing a rising ageing population where China is still having a remedial
scope of reposing their applied policy as a way of balancing their population.
Luiz and Ruplal (2013) has hereby emphasised upon yet another constraining issue of
structure with a greater role of India and Brazil in it. It is where India is demanding for more
economic reforms where Brazil is hereby required to invest in a considerable manner by together
saving more. Along with which, all associated countries of BRIC are together needed to expend
more in infrastructural measures as a way of succeeding towards a prosperous growth in the
future.
As per Rensburg, Motala and David, (2015), with the advancement in technology, there
are different type of issues that are being faced by countries. In this context, one of the issues
faced by local people is that the value of human workers gets reduced. This is a part of aspect in

which the advancement in technology makes the value of employees or the people to get
reduced. This can be understood with the help of an example. With this respect, when a task is
being performed by 10 workers but with the improvement in technology, the people that were
previously required will get reduced. This is a type of issue that is faced by people who have to
be sending off. In addition to this, when there is advancement in technology, it increases the rate
of dependency (Rensburg, Motala and David, 2015). For example, all the people who were using
the computer or any other electronic equipment’s, they will start using it. Due to this act, the
dependence of the people increases and they will take help and support of technology. In this
context, it can be stated that when machines get break down, then people get disabled or they
have to weight in order to perform their task until the technology there were using gets started
again.
2.4 Aspect of trade off among technical advancement and damaging environment
Trade-off is basically a business situation that necessitates the organisations compromise
among two or more situation as a way of balancing the work where both the options cannot be
retrieved at the same time. It is basically in accordance to the conferred statement of Rensburg,
Motala and David (2015), where in the present context of trade off in BRIC countries, this
condition is referred to exist between technological progression and derelict surroundings. It is
basically to stress upon some leading environmental concerns that are continually rising at a
much higher pace. It is referred to be a dependant factor of technical progression in the society
that is in turn damaging the surrounding to a great extent. Such industrial development with a
rising force of technology in the emerging countries of BRIC are proven to make a direct impact
on the environment where many manufacturing procedures are taking place with a reinforced
army of equipped machineries.
Slonim (2015) with a supportive outlook towards the same has also presented an
analogous perception where such industrial processes are in a vital need of more energy
consumption. This is turn depicts a clear concord of more energy consumption with a consequent
depletion of earth's natural resources. This subsequently creates a more pollutant environment
with a clear depiction of a non-competent surrounding. It is along with the growth of such
emerging nations where they are resultantly accountable for an augmented greenhouse emission.
It is where the greenhouse gas is that atmospheric gas that tends to hold the heat produced by sun
as a way of contributing to a climatic change in the world. It is along with yet another threat of
impairment to the domestic surrounding of the emerging nations in terms of existing into a

healthy environment. It is basically in addition to the atmospheric effect of industrialization at a
global level that is turn raising the demand of industries with more number of resources. These
resources are in turn referred for fossil fuels, lumber, water and fertile soil with a direct
indication towards earth's natural resources.
Zhu and Xu (2016) with a supportive outlook have together agreed by this fact in which
the technical advancements in BRIC nations are proven to be done at the stake of environment
where more progression in technology is evident to utilize more earthy resources with more
depletion. This will in turn make negative effect on the overall surrounding in both developed
and underdeveloped countries. The improvement in technology is helpful enough to support and
for the growth of the countries but due to its negative impact over the environment has caused by
diverse effort over the society. As per the findings, it has been identified that BRIC countries
rank the highest on the Global Technological Index (Zhu and Xu, 2016). The use of technology
has enabled in achieving better performance when compared with other countries.
2.6 Conclusion
The leading subject matters that have been discoursed over here are closely aligned with
the stipulated objectives of the interrogation that has involved a prime topic namely the pros of
BRIC countries to developed and underdeveloped nations. Into which, it has precisely addressed
the technical advancements in the human race by together discussing upon yet another topic to
refer the cons of BRIC countries to developed and underdeveloped nations. It is basically in
regard to enlighten the damage to earth’s natural resources and environment. It is with an
eventual theme that has detailed the facets of trade-off between technological advancement in the
stake of damaged environment. Lastly, this unit has together specified yet another significant
theme as a way of applying the business models separately in each of the BRIC nations.

CHAPTER- 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES
3.1 Introduction
It is right after evaluating the acute beliefs and argument of distinct authors in the former
unit of literature review where this has represented to be yet another essential part of this thesis.
Into which, the researcher has hereby referred to select some pertinent tools and techniques to
carry out the research work in a directional manner (Bauer, 2014). It is where the present study is
conducted to make a comparative analysis of BRIC nations in context to technical progressions
and their implicated environmental policies. For which, the surveyor is hereby required to opt for
some effective tactics for carrying out the study that in turn helps the investigator to achieve the
targeted goals of the research on time.
3.2 Research philosophy
This shows a philosophical approach of the investigator as a way of conducting the
survey in a directional manner. This being a foremost consent of the researcher depicts the
actuality of the study with a clear interpretation of its undertaken objectives. With reference to
which, there exists two leading philosophies of research namely interpretivism and positivism
research beliefs (Gast and Ledford, 2014). Herein, electing a particular tact is entirely dependent
on the undertaken subject matter of the research where in the recent research work, the
investigator is required to make a comparative analysis of BRIC nations in context to
technological developments and their implicated environmental policies. For which, this study
has represented a subjective nature that in turn is evident to support the philosophy of
interpretivism (Rose, 2016). However, another philosophy of positivism is apparent to depict the
objective nature of the survey that is not supportive to carry out the current investigation. Due to
which, the surveyor has opted for the philosophy of interpretivism as a way of accomplishing the
defined goals and objectives of this research work.
3.3 Research approach
It is yet another important outlook of the research for carrying out a succeeding study
with accomplished aims and objectives. This part is with a fundamental sense of defining the
overall scope of the study by opting from the two leading alternatives. In context to which, there
exists deductive and inductive approaches of survey where a deductive research formulation is
apartment to narrow down the scope of the investigation (Deductive Reasoning Versus Inductive

Reasoning, 2014). However, another alternative named as inductive approach is proven to
support in widening the range of investigation. It is therefore with reference to the present
research work where it is configured to make a comparative assessment of BRIC countries in
context to technological advancements and their undertaken policies of environment. For which,
the researcher has hereby referred to opt for an inductive research approach as a way of
broadening the overall range of the survey. It is where this investigation will begin from a
specific context of BRIC countries and move to a general context of all developed and
underdeveloped nations (Mertz, 2013). However, tact of deductive approach is apparent to
narrow down the scope of the investigation where the survey tends to move from a general to
specific direction which is not supportive to conduct this study.
3.4 Research design
This represents as the blueprint of the study in which the researcher is liable to choose
from the most conspicuous design of the investigation. An elected design will further direct the
entire study in a reliable manner as a way of reaching to its stipulated aims and objectives at the
beginning of the survey. In context to which, there exists total three leading research designs
namely descriptive, explanatory and exploratory (Research design, 2009). Wherein, a descriptive
design is usually opted to carry out an in-depth interrogation of the research topic with yet
another dimension of explanatory in which there is a mere explanation of existing facts and
findings with no such major examination. However, tact namely the exploratory design of
research is proven to explore the subject matter as a way of generating newer set of ideas. It is
however a dependent clause of the chosen research topic where in context to the recent subject
matter, it is apparent to support a descriptive investigation designs (Gray, 2013). This is basically
to carry out an in depth analysis to make a comparative assessment of BRIC countries in context
to technical progression and their undertaken environmental policies where the other two designs
do not reflect a supportive context.
3.5 Research technique
It depicts the way in which the overall research will be carried out by the investigator as a
way of accomplishing its targeted goals. It is thus important for the surveyor to select a prompt
tactic to conduct the study in a directional manner by selecting either of the methods by choosing
from qualitative or quantitative tactic of research. Wherein, both these techniques largely differ
from one another where a qualitative survey is evident to help in conducting a thematic study
with different formation of themes (Neuman and Robson, 2012). It is together apparent to assist

in the above undertaken philosophy of interpretivism to reflect the subjective nature of the study.
However, another alternative technique of quantitative is proven to reveal the objective nature of
the research topic by together corresponding to the philosophy of positivism that is not
supportive in carrying out the current investigation. The surveyor has hereby chosen to conduct a
qualitative study with no application of any numerical tools such as mean, mode and median,
etc., as usually done in quantitative technique.
3.6 Data collection
It is another most important portion of this chapter in which the investigator will hereby
refer to select some impelling tools of data collection as a way of gathering a reliable set of data.
This is a key tact in which a relevant set of information will greatly contribute in reaching to the
targeted goals of the study. Wherein, there are basically two leading measures of accumulating
data that are named as primary and secondary methods of collection (Research Instruments for
Data Collection, 2014). Both these tactics are with some principle factors of distinction in which
a primary data is basically collected by directly interrogating the participated respondents of the
study.
It is however done by adopting some other vital techniques such as secondary methods to
interrogate the targeted study respondents with support of some framed queries to interrogate
them (Cammarota and Fine, 2010). Whereas, the secondary data is being collected by studying
some predefined statistics in attested books, journals, magazines and online publications, etc.
The researcher in the present investigation has referred to implicate secondary measures of data
collection to make a comparative study of all BRIC nations.
3.7 Data analysis
This is a measure in which the researcher is hereby required to assess the above obtained
data from the respondents by together comparing it with the secondary sources of data collection.
It is thus important for the investigator to choose from the most befitting measure that duly
corresponds with the targeted goals of the study as a way of reaching out its set objectives at the
end. There exists two leading measures of data analysis termed as qualitative and quantitative
tactics in which, a qualitative analysis is usually done to conduct a thematic evaluation of the
data assembled from the respondents (Silverman, 2016). This also provides yet another
alternative to the surveyor to undertake a comparison of the information generated from the
secondary methods of data collection with that to the primary statistics as well. However, another
tact of quantitative analysis is basically to relate the method of assessment with some objective

tools and techniques that necessitates the researcher to carry out a comparison of the study
objectives. This involves some requisite technical measures for applying certain mathematical
interpretations of mean, mode and median. Wherein, the present study is specifically carried out
on the basis of qualitative analysis to conduct a thematic investigation of the amassed findings.
3.8 Validity and reliability
These are depicted to be the two key terms that duly postulates the investigator to
conduct a valid and reliable set of study that in turn encloses the overall pertinence of the carried
survey. It is where the validity is usually in depiction of the investigation structure by together
outlining the quality of the research conducted to find out certain liable outcomes (Freitas, Dias
and Fonseca, 2013). There exists total two distinct type of validities known as internal and
external set of validity. Wherein, an internal validity is usually with reference to employ less
contradictory elements in the study where low confounding is evident to give a highly validated
survey. However, tact of external validity is basically with reference to represent the context of
generalization in a conducted research where more simplified outcomes will tend to give high
level of cogency (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault, 2015).
Another element of reliability is in context to interpret the applied tools and techniques
for researching the elected topic. It is with a fundamental sense of employing some effective
tools and techniques of research that in turn provisions beneficial outcomes at the end (Croson,
Schultz, Siemsen and Yeo, 2013). It is therefore with reference to the present investigation where
the researcher has hereby tended to opt for a valid set of research with superior measures. Apart
from which, another outlook of reliability has together been assured by the investigator over here
with eminent tools and techniques that duly corresponded with the targeted goals of the survey as
well.
3.9 Ethical consideration
It is yet another pivotal concern of the researcher to carry out a moralized study with
certain mandate considerations that are entitled as ethical norms (Mackey and Gass, 2015). A
foremost ethical consideration of the surveyor is while generating information from secondary
sources where only authenticated resources must be used from the latest publications. This in
turn necessitates the researcher to undertake proper citations in work by representing yet another
ethical responsibility.

3.10 Research limitation
There together exists certain limited factor that duly hinders the entire study and is thus
required to be addressed at a pertinent frame of time. Time and cost are those two constricted
factors that usually tend to obstruct the survey to a great extent. It is therefore important for the
investigator to undertake a projected approach to carry out the research in a directional manner
(Beddoes, 2013). It is basically to employ such strategies in whose accordance, the investigator
can hereby refer to accomplish the study within a set duration and under a pre-set budget where
in the present investigation, both these prospects were duly undertaken by the researcher.
3.11 Conclusion
The above section has discoursed upon the undertaken methods of research that have
been employed by the investigator over here as a way of carrying out a directional survey with
liable results at the end. With reference to which, it has discussed upon some key considerations
such as the taken up approaches of research by the surveyor with an accompanied philosophy
and other varied measures to collect and analyse the data, etc.

CHAPTER- 4
DATA ANALYSIS
4.1 Introduction
This section has represented to be yet another vital segment of this thesis where it has
specifically delineated the obtained facts and findings. It is basically a procedure in which a
logical application is done with certain statistical techniques in an impelling manner. Wherein, it
is with a specific intent of assessing the above acquired data. The data that has been gathered by
the investigator by now has been evaluated over here as a way of generating certain useful
information with an ultimate target of achieving the desired goals of this research work. It is
therefore in context to the present investigation that has been carried to make a comparative
analysis of BRIC nations. In context to which, a prompt approach of thematic analysis has been
undertaken over here with a prime purpose of interrogating the secondary sources of data. Such
consolidated formulation has greatly aided the researcher to gain a viable insight while carrying
out this investigation.
4.2 Secondary data analysis
This type of analysis by referring to the secondary sources of data collection is usually
done by referring to some pre-established set of data that is gathered from books, journals, and
online publications, etc. It is therefore with reference to the current investigation that is carried to
make a comparative analysis of BRIC nations in context to the technological progressions and
their undertaken policies of environment. For which, the below section has discussed upon some
leading segments with a foremost consent of applying varied business models like SWOT and
PESTLE. It is where the former theory is apparent to explicate the four major constituents to
determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of each of the BRIC nations.
However, another abstractive theory is based upon five leading constituents that are apparent to
enlighten those components of market that are proven to make a greater impact on the activities
of trade.
4.2.1 Application of business models
This part has carried out a separate analysis of each of the BRIC countries by individually
evaluating all its affiliated nations by applying both business models of SWOT and PESTLE on
it.

SWOT analysis of Brazil
Brazil is referred to be a highly economic nation in terms of trading whose SWOT
analysis is duly composed of four below mentioned constituents- Strengths- The strengthening factors of this nation consist of its vast agricultural sector
where it stands at a number one position in the entire globe in terms of exporting
agricultural products (Kalafsky, 2015). Another efficiency of Brazil is its high number of
population where it is near about 200 million with a major number of youngsters with an
average age of 29.6 that is lowest as compared to the other nations. It therefore depicts
more potency in the field of education with a greater scope for trading consumer goods. Weaknesses- There together exists certain weaken traits of Brazil in terms of poverty
where it is still referred to suffer from a high state of poverty along with a high crime
rate (Zhu and et. al., 2015). Along with which, the transportation system for public an
infrastructure is also termed to be at a lower state of development. Opportunities- A resourceful procurement of various natural resources of earth like oil,
ethanol, and iron ore, etc., are depicted to play an essential role in the future consent of

trading (du Toit, 2016). It is where Brazil is already at 2nd most position in the entire
world as the producer of iron ore. Apart from which, its strengthening agricultural sector
is referred to be yet another prompt opportunity to grow with a prosperous economy.
 Threat- A changing direction of Brazilian export industry with certain impulsive forces
is referred to be a foremost threat in terms of growth with another reason of its
strengthening currency behind the deceleration of this particular sector (Mauree and
Geneletti, 2016). Global warming being another vital concern is continually
necessitating their trade industries to tackle sown the climatic change where 60% of the
Brazilian territory is residing in Amazon forests that is the largest carbon sink in the
globe.
PESTLE analysis of Brazil
It is basically on referring to the five leading factors of this model that will factually
analyse the prevalent market situation of Brazil- Political- Brazil is presently referred to have a proactive and stabilized set of
government where it is though with the biggest issue of corruption (Spicer, 2014). As a
result to which, establishing a small scale business over there is also determined to be the
biggest issue for the entrepreneurs where they are required to make enormous payment
to the officials. Economical- The economical condition of Brazil is at a prosperous position with high
potential of growth with a leading reason of diminished gap among rich and poor
(Dmitrieva, Ilinova and Kraslawski, 2017). Along with which, there central bank have
together taken up a viable step of reducing the risk of debased currency with a controlled
rate of inflation. Social- In terms of the socio- cultural traits, there existed an unequal economy of
population with 20% population surviving below the line of poverty with growing

number of middle class people (Budaeva and Klimanov, 2016). Additionally, there is a
considerable growth of affluent citizens with enormous groups with marginal incomes.
However, the Brazilian people are referred to have an up-to-date knowledge about the
existent fashion and are keen to buy lavish commodities. Technological- Brazil is referred to have a weakened exposure to the modern
dimensions of technology with less investment in this segment (Dan, 2014). However,
there are significant improvements in their IT sector with continual improvements after
which they are presently ranked at 53rd position in the globe. Legal- It is on determining the legitimate traits of Brazil where there exists two most
common types of organisations over there and that are treated as separate legal attributes
(Rao and et. al., 2014). However, there legal compliances differs from one state to
another and thence leads to a complicated conformity of costs, etc., and a new business
takes approximately 120 days for setting up.
 Environmental- The Brazilian government have obligated the industries to initiate with
eco friendly measures to carry out the process of combustion with distinct environmental
policies to eliminate emission and deforestation (Singhania, Singhania, Gupta and Gupta,
2016).
SWOT analysis of Russia
Despite of facing some major economic breakdowns in the year 1990, Russia being one
of the largest countries in the globe is composed of assorted properties that are as discoursed
below- Strengths- A well planned and structural economy with a rising level of middle class
population is referred to be some leading strengths of Russia (Spicer, 2014). Although, in
realistic terms of trading, Russia is together referred to have large natural reserves such as
oil, gas, minerals, coal and timber, etc. Weaknesses- Its authoritative government is depicted to be the most weaken composition
of Russia where they are also dealing with high level of corruption and bureaucracies,
etc. Apart from which, a low scope of employment with more disbursement in the area of
public services and high poverty rate (Herstein, Berger and D. Jaffe, 2014). Wherein, the
trading bodies of this nation are also referred to have limited access to overseas finance.

 Opportunities- Its rich natural resources along with a cope of exporting them is referred
to be a vital opportunity for Russia where they can together link their trading measures
with India and other BRIC countries (Mauree and Geneletti, 2016).
 Threat- A raising level of crime rates with high dependency on some natural resources
like oil and gas and a huge public debt are referred to be certain threatening factors for
Russia (Vasilievich and Jurievna, 2015).
PESTLE analysis of Russia
This is basically to analyse the five major components of this theoretical model as a way
of analysing the business environment of Russia- Political- Russia being a federal nation is still dealing with an involved consent of their
main regimental bodies and local authorities where they are also evident to maintain the
strategy of open international relationship (Yeleussov, Kurmanov and Tolysbayev, 2015).
This in turn reflects some considerable opportunities of trade to enhance the recent
economic condition of the nation. Economical- A high dependency on the two leading natural resources of oil and gas with
high dependence on the cost of crude oil has been depicted. Along with which, it is
positioned at 10th global rank in termed of GDP with 4th largest position in terms of

agricultural in the entire world (Schuler-Faccini and et.al., 2014). In context to which, the
economy level of Russia cannot be compared to other states and nations. Social- Russia is referred to be amongst the countries with occurrence of HIV and
intoxicant poisoning due to a high consumption of alcohol (Dmitrieva, Ilinova and
Kraslawski, 2017). However, they are well women in the field of arts and literature with
some famed artists in the field of dancing, music and sports, etc. Technological- Russia is referred to possess a strong position in terms of technical
advancements where they are rich in the practice of science (Harrell, 2016). Apart from
which, they are also having significant improvements in the living standards of their
domiciles with low inflation and unemployment rate. Legal- Russia is referred to suffer from a high rated corruption that demands for some
requisite changes to access more number of investors with an aided mean of no
distinction among abroad and domestic investors (Ho, 2014).
 Environmental- Some effective measures have been taken up by the governmental
bodies of Russia as a way of controlling pollution and other man-made disasters
(Elfakhani and Mackie, 2015). Wherein, these policies have successfully disciplined the
trade organisations to take effective measures to protect the surrounding with some
harnessed measures to strive an ecological balance in Russia.
SWOT analysis of India
India being the 10th largest economic nation in the globe in accordance to its GDP rate is
together composed of some significant dimensions as discussed into the four parameters of this
model- Strengths- The agricultural sector of India is termed to be the most potent dimension of
India with near about 60% cultivable land area (Kahn, 2015). Along with which, it is also
comprising with highly skilled people who are extensively knowledgeable with higher
level education. Weaknesses- Poverty in the rural areas of India is one of the biggest weaken trait of India
with high number of suicides due to this particular reason (Randt, Jessberger, Plötner and
Becker, 2015). Apart from this, India is also required to bring on some progressive
measures for the improvement of its declining infrastructural amenities. Opportunities- A tremendous scope in the domestic market of India with free foreign
trade and investment is referred to be some vital possibilities in its forthcoming future as

a way of generating affluent source of income (Rindam and Yahaya, 2014). Along with
which, India is also referred to be the depository of huge natural gas being one of the
most crucial resource of this earth.
 Threat- Recession or slowdown in the worldwide economy is referred to be one of the
biggest threats to India with high financial insufficiencies (Zhu and et. al., 2015).
Instability in the cost of crude oil all across the globe is also termed to be amongst one of
the biggest threat to India.
PESTLE analysis of India
India being in the list of one of the largest democratic nation with a federal set of
government is together composed of distinct environmental factors as discussed below- Political- The trade industry of India is largely influenced by multi variable governmental
components (Shabanova, Ismagilova, Salimov and Akhmadeev, 2015). They are however
imposed by a well formulated system of taxation with various taxes like service tax, sales
and income tax obligated by their Federal government. It is along with a free flow of
privatization to promote autonomous businesses. Economical- India is referred to deal with a stabilised set of economy with varied
industrial reformation policies since the year 1991 (Whalen, 2014). As a result to which,
they have dealt with some optimistic measures over the year with decreased licensing
procedures to register an industry with a well formed FIBP and liberalized overseas
capital. Apart from which, they are also growing in terms of GDP with significant rise
every year. Social- These factors plays a vital role in the trade industries of India by duly assisting
the business establishments to determine the prevalent trends of the market that in turn

refers to the preferred choices of the people (Torkunov and et. al., 2014). In context to
which, India is presently dealing with an ageing set of population with majority of there
1.2 billion population lies under the age range of 15 to 65 years. Technological- Technology plays an essential role in the industrial sector of India where
they are currently dealing with some advanced technical traits with a strong IT sector and
continual developments in it (Gorbunov, Efimova, Kobets and Kilinkarova, 2016). Legal- India has recently dealt with varied legitimate evolutions with some profound
changes that has directly influenced their business sectors (Sewdass and Du Toit, 2015).
These alterations are increase in the minimal level of wage and remuneration to the
workers with no discrimination on the basis of disability along with some improved
measures of recycling, etc.
 Environmental- India is together suffering from certain terrible environmental measures
due to a raised state of air pollution due to its propulsive trends of industrialization and
urbanization that is in turn resulting into several health issues (Agrawal, 2016). However,
in order to control this atrocious state, there together existed varied set ups to handle the
environmental pressure group along with such regulations to control noise pollution,
waste and disposal, etc.
SWOT analysis of China
China being into the queue of another global investor is composed of some vital
dimensions in concord to the below carried SWOT analysis with its four leading constituents- Strengths- The structure of the governmental bodies of China with their political
decisions are referred to be one of their most potential traits (Mohanty, Gahan and
Choudhury, 2014). Due to which, Chinese industries duly believes to undertake quick
verdicts to operate their business with plentiful reserves and a steady state of
employment. Weaknesses- It on discoursing upon some weaken dimensions of China where they are
suffering from a slow growth of IP with a major number of under-capitalised banks and a
stress to hit upon a fixed rate of expansion that is 7.5% on annual basis (Suh, 2014). Opportunities- Some prospective measures of China in terms of trading is there launch of
Shanghai- Hong Kong tie up along with certain likely treaties with other acquaintances
(Clark III, 2014). In accordance to which, 100 million individuals are anticipated to move
in China by the end of the year 2020.

 Threat- Technical malfunctions in successfully executing the plan of Shanghai- Hong
Kong connect is referred to be one of the biggest threat to China where they are also
likely to suffer from housing crash. In context to which, a majority of Chinese groups are
referring to leave the country (Zhu, Hiltunen, Antila, Huang and Song, 2015).
PESTLE analysis of China
China being a formal member of World Trade Organisation (WTO) plays a substantial
role in promoting its worldwide economic growth by together benefiting its domestic economy
by entering into the internal markets (Ma, 2015). However, they are together apparent to deal
with some leading attributes as discussed below- Political- China is currently dealing with a stabilised governmental surrounding with
high tariff which is presently at a declining range. Along with which, there governmental
bodies are more likely to develop their e commerce with no prompt regulations for
encouraging the privacy of customers by protecting their rights (Roper, 2012). Economical- The economic status of China is rising at a higher pace with substantial
growth in its GDP rate that is also referred to excel in the forthcoming period. It is
basically due to their highly skilled labour with major number of export businesses and a

potent urban development (Wanjiru, 2015). However, a high rate of inflation with
immense cost of properties are referred to be certain pessimistic traits. Social- China is referred to have an advanced literacy rate that is more than 90% where
they are more convergent on education. Due to which, more than half of their nation is
highly educated with near about 420 million net users in the nation. Due to which, online
shopping is mostly preferred by the residents of China with a likely scope of E-commerce
(Huang Ruangkanjanases and Chen, 2014). Technological- China is referred to deal with a leading technical issue in the
improvement of its B2B industry due to an unsafe and unstable payments via online
measures (Sewdass and Du Toit, 2015). However, there together exists some vital scope
for new product developments and new buying execution via extranet and intranet along
with some other affluent measures for distribution with new technologies for production. Legal- The legal implications of China are facing some major challenges in terms of
dealing with its technical measures of E-commerce in an effective manner. It is basically
due to a limited experience in conducting the drafting procedures of e-commerce that in
turn is creating several numbers of issues in maintaining the transactional security
(Roper, 2012).
 Environmental- An over dependency on coal is evident to make certain harmful impact
on their environment by generating acid rains, etc., that also leads to shortage of water
with varying climatic conditions that provokes natural disasters (Zhu and Xu, 2016).
However, they are together apparent to have certain beneficial measures such as clean
energy with less carbon technologies.
4.3 Findings of secondary data analysis
This section has conferred the resultants of the present study with an adopted tact of
thematic analysis to evaluate the gathered set of informations as discussed below-
Theme 1- Technical evolution is highly significant for the development of entire nation.
Interpretation- It is on interpreting the above acquired data while referring to the applied models
of business where technical advancements does posses a significant outlook for the evolution of
overall nation. This was fundamentally linked up with the evolution of overall countries with a
leading approval of almost all authors. It is as per there conferred views where they have directly

aligned this requisition with today's contending business environment where such technological
development plays an indispensable role. It is thus with a prime support of such technical
progression that further helps the trading industries to attain a competitive position as well.
Theme 2- Trade off possess an important outlook in adherence to proceed towards a
progressive nation.
Interpretation- It is as per the bestowed perception of the authors in the section of literature
review where they have hereby agreed with this tact of trade off. Into which, one has to choose
among two of the alternatives as a way of succeeding towards a befitted supposition. However,
some of them have not supported this particular outlook of trade off and have instead related it to
the prevalent state of BRIC nations. Wherein, the technical advancements are being done in the
stake of earth's natural resources that are already depleting to a greater extent by depicting a clear
situation of trade off by most of the trade industries. As a result to which, most of them have not
supported the prospect of trade off to protect the depleting resources of earth.
Theme 3- Technical advancement in the nations are referred to be the most beneficial tact
while referring to the pros of BRIC nation to developed and underdeveloped nations.
Interpretation- It is on referring to the above obtained findings from the secondary technique of
research where technological progression is referred to be the most advantageous tact of BRIC
nations to developed and underdeveloped nations. It is with an enumerated ratio of almost all
referred authors where they have not at all argued upon this clause. Although, some of them have
also enlightened yet another beneficial trade where it is leading to make a tremendous
improvement in the economic status of the nations at a worldwide level. Wherein, technical
developments are mostly foreseen in China as one of the most advanced nation in the acronym of
BRIC in terms of technology.
Theme 4- Depletion of earth's natural resources are referred to be the most leading drawback
when referring to the cons of BRIC nations to developed and underdeveloped nations.
Interpretation- It is basically on interrogating about a disadvantageous tact of BRIC nations to
developed and underdeveloped nations on whose context, most of the authors have enlightened

the fact of depleting natural resources of the earth as one of the biggest drawback. They have
hereby came up with some leading instances where an increasing greenhouse emission by
industries along with some other technical measures to dig off for natural resources like oils and
mines together leads to an atrocious state of environment. It is where most of the BRIC nations
are rich in varied natural resources and are often referred to get into such type of deals that leads
to the reduction of those resources.
Theme 5- Technological advancements are not preferred in the stake of earth's natural
resources.
Interpretation- It is in accordance to most of the authors who are not in favour of technical
advancements in the stake of earth's natural resources that are already depleting in nature. They
have however referred to use certain ozone-friendly measures to the trade organisations that in
turn assist them to take the benefits of technical progressions with less or no reduction of earth's
natural resources. However, few of them have together supported this context where in
accordance to their view, this represents a situation of trade off where it is an acceptable
condition and earth's natural resources are apparent to exhaust to succeed towards the procedure
of technical progression.
Theme 6- Adaptation of an ecocentric approach with a mandate clause of abidance by the
industries is referred to be a potential measure taken up by the governmental bodies of BRIC
nations to reduce the atrocious impact of technical evolution on earth's natural resources.
Interpretation- Almost all academic scholars and the authors whose bestowed standpoints have
supported in the secondary analysis of this study from each of the BRIC nation's have suggested
certain powerful measures. Wherein, these are required to be undertaken by the respective
governmental bodies of BRIC nations to reduce the terrible impact of technology on
environment. In context to which, almost all of them have supported the tact of undertaking an
ecocentric approach with some obligatory policies for the industries to adopt the same. As a
result to which, the trade industries on operating with such ozone-friendly measures will in turn
refer to protect their surrounding arenas with less or no diminution of earth's natural resources.

4.4 Conclusion
This unit of data analysis have summarised the key findings of secondary investigation
carried out by the researcher. It is where the secondary research was conducted by referring to
certain genuine set of books, magazines and online publications, etc., as a way of interrogating
some pre established facts by the authors based upon the preceding unit of literature review.
Wherein, this section has enlightened a prime implication of secondary analysis on whose basis,
some liable depictions have been done over here.

CHAPTER- 5
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Conclusion
The present research was conducted to make a comparative analysis of BRIC nations in
the context of technical advancements and their implicated policies of environment where this
section has drawn a conclusion on the above gathered findings. Wherein, this investigation was
based upon three prime objectives in order to carry out a succeeding survey for attaining the
intended goal. It is thus with an analogous reference to the stipulated targets of this study, all
three of the objectives are referred to be accomplished. It is fundamentally in accordance to the
facts obtained from the secondary research, BRIC became an emerging star which targeted
regional financial corporation with a background of globalisation and financial combination.
Research study on BRICS remains very general that is majorly theoretical.
On the basis of theory of interest rate parity, further liberalisation in financial market
among the countries grows the integration of their currencies in the global financial market. The
strengths of BRIC nations includes that the eruption in 2008 global financial calamity has
observed a very good performance which has enlightened all the nations to desire better future.
The member countries share mutuality, reciprocity which is their strength. Their commonality is
in their economic growth which is supported by fascinating large land area, heavy population,
rich environmental resources etc. however, there are some negative factors of BRIC also which
cannot be avoided. They are not able to balance their conflicts and it is difficult to maintain
financial cooperation. There is huge difference in their geography, religion, politics which is one
of the major weaknesses.
There are several facts that have depicted that this association is gaining heavy support
because it is delivering benefits to others. The entry of BRIC has promoted exports of those
countries which have low income or developing countries, made improvement if trading and
productive capacity. The developing financing has supported several developing nations to
relieve hurdles in infrastructure. But there some threats which this association is facing. Since it
was established, it is suffering from doubts, confusions and rivalries. Till 2012 it was not having
any structure. It was made through a political desire.
The political factors such as new entry in the global political scenario, long term
strategies of Africa and Latin America, choice of new National Development Bank , and the pool

created to aid financially the member countries has affected the BRIC association. The economic
factors also impacted the BRIC which includes the labour force, rate of unemployment, taxation
and other revenues, rate of foreign exchange, issues related to seasonality, development of
infrastructure etc. there are some social factors also which influences the association. These
factors consist of literacy level of the member countries. For instance, the highest literacy rate is
of Russia and India has the lowest rate. The population, unemployment level, social security
schemes of the nations are also some of the major social factors.
BRIC is also influenced by technological factors which comprises of spending on the
research and development activities, transfer of technologies, technologies which have gone
obsolete, mobile connectivity and many more. The mobile connectivity of India is highest i.e.
772 millions and country which has the lowest mobile connectivity is Russia. The association is
also influenced buy some environmental factors such as carbon emission. The country which is
on the top of these factors is China. Also, opinion of government regarding water pollution,
environmental permission, usage of renewable is some environmental factors which affect BRIC.
Indian government has a moderate view on the issue on water pollution whereas nations such as
Brazil, Russia has a positive opinion on this issue. On the contrary, China has average viewpoint
on this environmental problem.
Wherein, the secondary analysis have showcased a miscellaneous standpoint of the
authors who have conferred their distinct set of perceptions. In context to which, the acquired
information from them have lastly aided the surveyor to come up with certain recommendatory
tactics outlined in the endmost section of this part. Also, it has been found that presently China is
leading with some progressive technical dimensions and thus requires some more strengthening
regulations to protect their environment from the atrocious impact of technology.
5.2 Recommendations
It is on the basis of above concluded study that was carried to critically examine the
comparative study of BRIC countries to developed and underdeveloped nations. For which, the
investigator in the present survey have referred to some effective business models as a way of
achieving its intended goal. This involved SWOT and PEST analysis of each of the BRIC
nations where the present section has referred to yet another analytical tool called TOWS to
present some justifiable suggestions.
TOWS consists of a similar framework as that of the analytical tool of SWOT with an
only distinction in their procedure to analyse their four analogous elements. It is where in this

particular tool of analysis, the two leading components namely the threats and opportunities are
firstly evaluated so as to take a prior advantage of the strengths by together eliminating the
weaknesses. In context to which, below referred is the TOWS analysis of BRIC nations-
 Threats- Mismanagement in the western economies if referred to be one of the
biggest threats to the BRIC nations where it may lead to some terrible resultants at
the end. It is with yet another major threat of a huge political intervention where
they all are willing to act out in a solitary manner.
 Opportunities- A growing middle class economy is referred to be a leading
opportunity for almost all BRIC nations where they are together benefited by a
collective power to combat together. Also, an emerging technical reforms is
referred to be yet another vital opportunity for BRIC nations as a way of
progressing towards a rising future.
 Weaknesses- Being treated as the junior partners by some other leading nations is
referred to be a major weakness of BRIC countries where they are also resulting in
a depleting number of earth's natural resources.
 Strengths- BRIC nations are composed of enormous number of potential where
they are continually rising in the internal measures of trade with a raising demand
of purchase. Along with which, they are also growing in terms of commercialising
their commodities in their own domestic currency. A rich technological orientation
of China is referred to be a foremost strengthening factor where the other countries
are rich in earth's natural resources.
It was in support of certain conspicuous objectives of this study to support the researcher to come
up with some leading propositions that are as referred below-
 A foremost suggestion to the trade industries of BRIC nations is to get into a more
reformed state of green technologies with an aim of reversing the pessimistic impacts to
the surrounding. It is where such green technologies reflects some better ways to generate
heat and energy such as by using the powerful rays of sun with the help of solar panels by
avoiding the burning of fuels. In this way, fuels like woods, etc., being a foremost natural
resource of earth can be substantially protected from the state of depletion. This is mainly
in context to the identified strengths of the BRIC nations where they are already referred
to possess an emerging sense of technical development.
 Other recommendatory alternative is to get into the process of recycling by using
reusable products as raw materials. This will in turn also help to innovate the trade

industries to invent some new approaches to avoid much exhaustion of earth's natural
resources. It can also be linked to the process of transportation where electric or battery
driven vehicles can be used for disposing off the goods from one place to another rather
than getting more dependent on hydrocarbon fuels like gasoline, etc. It is basically on
determining the weaken dimensions of BRIC nations where they are referred to deal with
depleting natural resources. It is thus an effective advice for them to get into the process
of recycling as a way of reusing the natural resources with no wastage.

REFERENCES
Books and Journal
Absell, C.D., 2015. The Lexicon of Development: A Quantitative History of the Language of
Development Studies. Iberoamerican Journal of Development Studies. 4(1). pp.4-34.
Agrawal, V., 2016. A review of Indian tourism industry with SWOT analysis. Journal of
Tourism and Hospitality. 5(1).
Anich, R., Crush, J., Melde, S. and Oucho, J.O. eds., 2014. A new perspective on human mobility
in the south (Vol. 3). Springer.
Armijo, L.E. and Katada, S.N., 2014. New Kids on the Block: Rising Multipolarity, More
Financial Statecraft. The Financial Statecraft of Emerging Powers: Shield and Sword in
Asia and Latin America. pp.1.
Bauer, G.R., 2014. Incorporating intersectionality theory into population health research
methodology: Challenges and the potential to advance health equity. Social Science &
Medicine. 110. pp.10-17.
Beddoes, K., 2013. Feminist methodologies and engineering education research. European
Journal of Engineering Education, 38(1), pp.107-118.
Budaeva, K.V. and Klimanov, V.V., 2016. Content and retrospective analysis of regional
strategizing in Russia. Regional Research of Russia, 6(2), pp.175-183.
Cammarota, J. and Fine, M., 2010. Revolutionizing education: Youth participatory action
research in motion. Routledge.
Clark III, W.W. ed., 2014. Global Sustainable Communities Handbook: Green Design
Technologies and Economics. Butterworth-Heinemann.
Croson, R., Schultz, K., Siemsen, E. and Yeo, M.L., 2013. Behavioral operations: the state of the
field. Journal of Operations Management, 31(1), pp.1-5.
Dan, N., 2014. A SWOT analysis of Beijing Marathon game operation. Journal of Physical
Education. 21(6). pp.19-23.
Danns, G.K., 2016. Dependence and Transformation and the New South-South Development
(NSSD) Paradigm. The CLR James Journal. 22(1/2). pp.175-187.
Di Vita, G., 2015. The international strengthening of IPR and air pollution abatement: the role of
the trips agreement. Technological and Economic Development of Economy. pp.1-23.

Dmitrieva, D., Ilinova, A. and Kraslawski, A., 2017. Strategic management of the potash
industry in Russia. Resources Policy. 52. pp.81-89.
Dodds, K., 2014. The Third World, developing countries, the South, emerging markets and
rising powers. The Companion to Development Studies. New York: Routledge, pp.10-15.
du Toit, A.S.A., 2016. Using environmental scanning to collect strategic information: A South
African survey. International Journal of Information Management, 36(1), pp.16-24.
Elfakhani, S. and Mackie, W., 2015. An analysis of net FDI drivers in BRIC countries.
Competitiveness Review, 25(1), pp.98-132.
Freitas, S., Dias, C. and Fonseca, A., 2013. Psychological skills training applied to soccer: A
systematic review based on research methodologies. Review of European Studies, 5(5),
p.18.
Gast, D.L. and Ledford, J.R., 2014. Single case research methodology: Applications in special
education and behavioral sciences. Routledge.
Gorbunov, A.P., Efimova, E.V., Kobets, M.V. and Kilinkarova, S.G., 2016. Perspective Tools of
the Strategic Management of VFR Tourism Development at the Regional
Level. International Journal of Environmental & Science Education. 11(18).
Gray, D.E., 2013. Doing research in the real world. Sage.
Grieco, J., Ikenberry, G.J. and Mastanduno, M., 2014. Introduction to International Relations:
Enduring Questions and Contemporary Perspectives. Palgrave Macmillan.
Harrell, L., 2016. British petroleum (BP): a critical analysis of its corporate and international
strategies. International Journal of Research in IT and Management. 6(3). pp.143-161.
Herstein, R., Berger, R. and D. Jaffe, E., 2014. How companies from developing and emerging
countries can leverage their brand equity in terms of place branding. Competitiveness
Review, 24(4), pp.293-305.
Ho, J.K.K., 2014. Formulation of a systemic PEST analysis for strategic analysis. European
academic research. 2(5). pp.6478-6492.
Huang, X.L., Ruangkanjanases, A. and Chen, C., 2014. Factors Influencing Chinese Firms'
Decision Making in Foreign Direct Investment in Thailand. International Journal of
Trade, Economics and Finance, 5(6), p.463.

Jakovljevic, M.B., 2014. The key role of the leading emerging BRIC markets in the future of
global health care. Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research. 15(3).
pp.139-143.
Jakupec, V. and Kelly, M., 2016. Development aid: Regulatory Impact Assessment and
conditionality. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal. 34(4). pp.319-329.
Kahn, M., 2015. Prospects for Cooperation in Science, Technology and Innovation among the
BRICS Members. VESTNIK MEZHDUNARODNYKH ORGANIZATSII-
INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS RESEARCH JOURNAL, 10(2), pp.105-119.
Kais, S. and Ben Mbarek, M., 2015. Dynamic relationship between CO2 emissions, energy
consumption and economic growth in three North African countries. International
Journal of Sustainable Energy. pp.1-15.
Kalafsky, R.V., 2015. The Oxford Handbook of Offshoring and Global Employment, edited by
Ashok Bardhan, Dwight M. Jaffee, and Cynthia A. Kroll. 2013. New York: Oxford
University Press. 665+ xv. ISBN 978‐0199765904, $150. Journal of Regional Science,
55(1), pp.151-152.
Luiz, J.M. and Ruplal, M., 2013. Foreign direct investment, institutional voids, and the
internationalization of mining companies into Africa. Emerging Markets Finance and
Trade. 49(4). pp.113-129.
Ma, F., 2015. Analysis and Evaluation of China's Property Insurance Business Insurance
Industry: Chinese to Ping an Property Insurance as an Example. The International
Journal of Business & Management. 3(5). pp.298.
Mackey, A. and Gass, S.M., 2015. Second language research: Methodology and design.
Routledge.
Mauree, P.P. and Geneletti, D., 2016. Assessing barriers to effective spatial planning in
Mauritius. A combination of SWOT and gap surveys. Journal of Environmental Planning
and Management. pp.1-23.
Mertz, E. ed., 2013. Semiotic mediation: Sociocultural and psychological perspectives. Elsevier.
Mohanty, M.K., Gahan, P. and Choudhury, S., 2014. Technology Management in Manufacturing
Sector-A case study from Indian Manufacturing Industry and Application of Gregory
Model. Asian Journal of Research in Business Economics and Management. 4(8).
pp.216-233.

Neuman, W.L. and Robson, K., 2012. Basics of social research: Qualitative and quantitative
approaches.
Polson, E. and Whiteside, E., 2016. BRICS| Getting in the Game? A Rising India and the
Question of Global Sport. International Journal of Communication. 10. pp.21.
Randt, N.P., Jessberger, C., Plötner, K. and Becker, A., 2015. Air traffic growth, energy, and the
environment 2040: drivers, challenges, and opportunities for aviation. International
Journal of Aviation Management, 2(3-4), pp.144-166.
Rao, B.S. and et. al., 2014. Scope of wine grape cultivation in Andhra Pradesh, India–A SWOT
analysis. Current Biotica. 8(3). pp.313-316.
Rensburg, I., Motala, S. and David, S.A., 2015. Opportunities and challenges for research
collaboration among the BRICS nations. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and
International Education. 45(5). pp.814-818.
Rindam, M. and Yahaya, F.H., 2014. Prospects of ecotourism development in Perak's Orang Asli
settlements: a SWOT (C) analysis of the Lanoh case. Geografia. Malaysian Journal of
Society and Space. 10(5). pp.123-134.
Roper, K., 2012, November. BIM Implementation: PESTEL Drivers & Barriers (Cross-national
Analysis). In World Workplace 2012. Ifma.
Rose, G., 2016. Visual methodologies: An introduction to researching with visual materials.
Sage.
Rothschild, G.H., 2016. Matin Qaim: Genetically modified crops and agricultural development.
Food Security. 8(2). pp.459-461.
Schuler-Faccini, L. and et.al., 2014. Health needs assessment for congenital anomalies in
middle-income countries: Examining the case for neural tube defects in Brazil. Journal of
community genetics, 5(2), pp.147-155.
Sewdass, N. and Du Toit, A.S.A., 2015. Competitive intelligence in emerging economies: A
comparative study between Brazil and South Africa. TD: The Journal for
Transdisciplinary Research in Southern Africa, 11(1), pp.113-132.
Shabanova, L.B., Ismagilova, G.N., Salimov, L.N. and Akhmadeev, M.G., 2015. PEST-Analysis
and SWOT-Analysis as the most important tools to strengthen the competitive
advantages of commercial enterprises. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. 6(3).
pp.705.

Silverman, D., 2016. Qualitative research. Sage.
Singhania, M., Singhania, M., Gupta, P. and Gupta, P., 2016. First Telecom–India 2.0 strategy.
Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies, 6(2), pp.1-11.
Slonim, S., 2015. The Scheme if Enumeration: A Critical Analysis of the New Federalism in the
US Supreme Court. U. St. Thomas LJ. 12. pp.178.
Spicer, S., 2014. A Strategic Analysis for Small Hydro Power (SHP) Development in Himachal
Pradesh, India. Undergraduate Review. 10(1). pp.171-177.
Suh, J., 2014. Theory and reality of integrated rice–duck farming in Asian developing countries:
A systematic review and SWOT analysis. Agricultural Systems. 125. pp.74-81.
Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. and DeVault, M., 2015. Introduction to qualitative research methods: A
guidebook and resource. John Wiley & Sons.
Torkunova, J.V. and et. al., 2014. The peculiarities of qualitative information, analytical
maintenance innovative and educational activity technological projection in higher
educational institution. Life Science Journal. 11(8). pp.498-503.
Vasilievich, B.A. and Jurievna, K.T., 2015. Identification and analysis of instrument industry
cluster on the territory of the Russian federation. Modern Applied Science. 9(1). pp.109.
Vassileva, B. and Nikolov, M., 2016. Market entry strategies to emerging markets: a conceptual
model of turnkey project development. Serbian Journal of Management. 11(2). pp.291-
310.
Wanjiru, N.G., 2015. External environmental factors influencing China-Kenya trade: a case
study of the ministry of foreign affairs and international trade and Chinese embassy in
Kenya.
Whalen, D.J., 2014. Selections From the ABC 2013 Annual Convention, New Orleans,
Louisiana: A Gumbo of Favorite Assignments: Global, Communicating Complex
Information, Short-Message Packaging. Business and Professional Communication
Quarterly, 77(2), pp.217-237.
Yeleussov, A., Kurmanov, N. and Tolysbayev, B., 2015. Education quality assurance strategy in
Kazakhstan. Aktual'ni Problemy Ekonomiky= Actual Problems in Economics. (164).
pp.142.
Zhu, D. and Xu, Q., 2016. China’s Embrace of the UN Post-2015 Development Agenda. China
Quarterly of International Strategic Studies. 2(02). pp.153-168.

Zhu, L. and et. al., 2015. Investigation of China's bio-energy industry development modes based
on a SWOT–PEST model. International Journal of Sustainable Energy. 34(8). pp.552-
559.
Online
Deductive Reasoning Versus Inductive Reasoning. 2014. [Online]. Available through: <
http://sociology.about.com/od/Research/a/Deductive-Reasoning-Versus-Inductive-
Reasoning.htm>. [Accessed on 7th March 2017].
Research design. 2009. [PDF]. Available through:
<http://www.sagepub.com/upm-data/28285_02_Boeije_Ch_02.pdf>. [Accessed on 7th
March 2017].
Research Instruments for Data Collection. 2014. [PDF]. Available through: <
http://campus.educadium.com/newmediart/file.php/1/giilmadstore/UgradResearch/
ThesisWrit4all/files/notes/resInstr.pdf>. [Accessed on 7th March 2017].