BSBINT405 - International Trade: Applying Knowledge of Laws & Finance

This assignment solution delves into various aspects of import and export, covering key areas such as legislation on tagging and marking of goods, international conventions concerning animal product exports and imports, and understanding incoterms. It also explores the roles of organizations like UNCITRAL, GATT, IATA, and WTO. The document elucidates the significance of currencies, exchange rates, and foreign exchange transactions. Furthermore, it discusses the sources of international law, contrasting laws with international conventions. The assignment also addresses skill gap identification and development in the field of international trade, emphasizing the importance of continuous learning and networking. Finally, it touches upon essential factors to consider before importing or exporting goods, highlighting the importance of market analysis, legal restrictions, and cost assessment. Desklib provides a platform for students to access such solved assignments and past papers.

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IMPORT AND EXPORT
Student name.
Student id.

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1.1) Legislation on the Tagging and Marking on parcels and goods. According to
Dainelli et al., (2008) legislation regarding the tagging and marking of the
packages and good is a very important law that must be followed since tagging
and marking provide very important information about the product to the
consumer. This law also specifies the language to be used when labeling the
products and parcels. By using a language that is not known to the consumer, one
cannot successfully market his product. When labelling the products to be
exported, one must ensure that he goes by other laws such as the competition and
user act whereby one forbidden from giving deceptive and misleading
information, (Dainelli et al., 2008). Such information includes the use of the
product, how to use and the ingredients.
Reference
Dainelli, D., Gontard, N., Spyropoulos, D., Zondervan-van den Beuken, E., & Tobback, P.
(2008). Active and intelligent food packaging: legal aspects and safety concerns. Trends in Food
Science & Technology, 19, S103-S112.
1.2) International convention concerning the export and import of animal products
(other than meat, meat preparations, Fresh animal products, milk and milk
products.) This convention was majorly called to address the prevalence of
diseases in animals and hence the need to curb its spread because of the export
and import of the animals’ products in question such as hides, horns, bones, and

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wool among others. The diseases in question included foot and mouth disease,
cattle plaque and sheep pox among others. The parties involved were required to
go as per the laid down rules so that the spreading of those diseases could be
curbed. The regulation reached upon in this convention included prohibiting the
importation of the said products from a country experiencing any of the
mentioned diseases.
1.3) UCP- Uniform Customs and Practice.
URC- Uniform Rules for Collections.
URR- The Uniform Rules for Bank-to-Bank Reimbursements.
1.4) GATT- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
IATA- International Air Transport Association
ILO- International Labor Organization
OECD- Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
WTO- World Trade Organization.
UNCITRAL- United National Commission on International Trade Law.
ICJ- International Court of Justice
NAFTA- North American Free Trade Agreement.
OPEC- Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.
EU- European Union
ICC- International Criminal Court.
1.5) The trader cannot take any legal action against the Exporter. This is because
incoterms are not laws, but rather contractual standard constraints that can only be
mutually binding in the case where the two parties, (Exporter and Importer) have

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agreed on, (Bergami, 2012). Incoterms are of great importance to the parties
involved since they help the individuals to be able to know the extent to which
they will be responsible for costs in case of any losses. As opposed to the law,
they can only be of use when the parties agreed on by the parties involved,
(Bergami, 2012).
Reference
Bergami, R. (2012). Incoterms 2010: The newest revision of delivery terms. Acta Universitatis
Bohemiae Meridionales, 15(2), 33-40.
1.6) No. According to Arrowsmith, (2004) participating in UNCITRAL does not
weaken the country’s sovereign legal system just by the mere fact of being a
member. Even though the organization is geared towards regulating the
restrictions imposed by member countries on international trade, the adoption of
such laws are largely depended on the country’s legal system, (Arrowsmith,
2004). In this sense, it shows that it is the country itself to either decide to adopt
the laws or not. Lastly, the pronouncements of the commission are entirely made
based on consensus, and hence the member countries are usually represented in
the decision-making process, (Arrowsmith, 2004).
Reference
Arrowsmith, S. (2004). Public Procurement: An Appraisal of the UNCITRAL Model Law as a
Global Standard. The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 53(1), 17.

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1.7) Currencies- These are means for trading value to be defined concerning the
different geographical location by the authorities governing the regions.
Exchange rate- This is the sum of one currency required to buy alternative
currency.
Foreign exchange balances- is the percentage limit given to credit institutions to
avoid foreign exchange risk.
The factors that determine exchange rates- These are the factors that the amount
of one currency required to buy another. The factors are interest rates, political
stability government debt, inflation rates, terms of trade, and speculation,
performance, recession.
The three type of foreign exchange transactions include spot, forward outright and
option.
a) Spot- This is the quickest foreign exchange transaction. It takes two days after
the trade has been agreed apart from a transaction between the American
dollar and the Canadian dollar.
b) Forward Outright – This is a transaction in which the deal is settled today, but
payment is to be made on an agreed date without advantaging the seller nor
the buyer.
c) Option-Here, the deal is settled but payment is to be done later and in any
case, the rates changes are in favor of the company, the company benefits.
1.8) Treaties- Treaties are agreements between countries that are written and signed.
They can exist between two countries or more than two countries.

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Custom- This is the belief system of a country. Customs are mutually binding.
Customs differ from one country to another.
General Principles of Law- These are the general beliefs of what is wrong and
right in the in all the civilized nations. As opposed to customs, general principles
of law are based on the universal beliefs.
Judicial decisions and legal scholarship- This refers to the laws that have gained
international acceptance as adopted by the international court of justice.
1.9) Laws are a set of rules that are supposed to be strictly followed, and punishment is
defined for those who go against such laws. On the other hand, international
conventions are morals codes of conduct agreed upon by various nations for their
well being and the breach of the conventions can only be punished by political
pressure such as sanctions. However, conventions can be made laws by going
through the legal system. Also, laws are systematic, formal and interrelated as
opposed to conventions which are informal and independent. Conventions are
independent in the sense that they can happen at any time and are not related with
the earlier passed conventions.
2.
2.1) Self-examination. This involves searching by yourself to find out the required
skills for your job after examination one should engender gaps and analysis with
the manager (Radermacher et al., 2014). By looking at the requisite level of skills
in ones current or dream job, one can be able to identify the gaps in the skills.

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By asking the people around one can also be able to identify the skills he/ she is
lacking. This can be done successfully only when one identifies the right people
to ask questions, (Radermacher et al., 2014).
Lastly, one can attempt a written test that can be obtained from the internet or the
organization and having someone else such as the manager to assess the test,
(Radermacher et al., 2014).
Reference
Radermacher, A., Walia, G., & Knudson, D. (2014). Investigating the skill gap between
graduating students and industry expectations. In Companion Proceedings of the 36th
international conference on software engineering (pp. 291-300). ACM.
2.2) Prioritize gaps and develop an action plan. To fully solve the skill gap realized,
one should state the gaps on a priority list based on the demand for the skill. After
creating a priority list, there is need to identify the way out the filling the skill
gaps identified, (Radermacher et al., 2014).
Monitor the plan- After developing the action plan one must ensure that the plan
is mastered to ensure progress.
Continuous assessment. One must ensure that periodic assessments are carried out
to ensure that the progress is taking place in the process of filling the skill and
knowledge gaps.
2.3) By listening and watching the news on business issues. In this changing world,
news can be easily accessed by either listening to the radio and or watching

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television. By listening to the daily business news, one cannot miss out important
updates on changes as it concerns a change in the laws and conventions.
Befriending and following important personalities and news programs on social
media. By following broadcasting stations on social media, one can be able to
access the highlights of news easily and hence able to be up-to-date with current
changes in international laws and conventions.
Making friends with individuals the field of international trade. By doing this one
can be able to obtain the updates through such as people who have experience in
the profession.
By networking. This involves meeting with other individuals in the field in
platforms such as conventions and workshops.
Through the internet. One can be able to acquire all the information as it pertains
international trade by searching the internet on relevant platforms such as
business forums.
2.4) Business forums on the internet
Twitter. This can be done by following prominent people in this field and
government officials. In case of any changes, one can be able to obtain the
information through reading the notifications posted by these individuals.
Facebook. Facebook is a very good platform for garnering information by joining
groups and pages related to international trade.
Public and national libraries. Public and national libraries provide a great amount
of resources for individuals ranging from magazines to very expensive books and

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internet services. By visiting the library, one can be able to access any
information required.
Resource persons. This includes individuals who are working in this field such as
Custom clearance officers.
2.5) The market for the goods. In the report, I have analyzed the availability of a
market for the goods to be either imported or exported. In case of an import, it
will be of no use to import a product that has no consumer and hence a grave loss.
Legal restrictions on importing the goods. One should look at the legality of
importing the said goods before the import since some goods are prohibited in
Australia but used in other countries.
Cost of importation or exportation. This helps one to gauge whether he will be
able to import the luggage or not.
Risk of exporting or importing.
Tariffs.
Discussion, recommendation, and conclusion
2.6) Internet. One of the cheapest and easily accessible source of knowledge is the
internet. Through the internet, one can is able to search and learn more
information on any given subject.
Becoming an intern. One important way of gaining experience is enrolling for an
internship in the field. By doing this one can gain lacking skills and knowledge
hence filling the skill and knowledge gap.
Enroll for a course. By enrolling for a course offering a specific skill, I will be
able to gain fill the gap in my skills. Short-term courses are easily available and

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relatively cheaper hence easily hence they are very handy in helping an individual
fill a skill gap.
2.7) Reading and writing. This is a learning type whereby the learner is taught using
note taking and personal studies. As opposed to lecture method where the learner
is passive, this method, actively involves the student taught. This type of learning
is very important, especially when dealing with important and voluminous
information involved in this course. By using this type of learning, I will be able
to refer to my notes where there is a necessity for doing so. Also, by reading, I
will be able to understand and memorize the laws and conventions that are of
importance to my field of study.
2.8) Helps in the smooth-running of the activities of the of the organization. Policies
and procedures are key in making decisions since they give direction on what to
do and how to do anything at any given moment. It also helps in avoiding
confusion and chaos in the organization. When the staff is informed of the
policies by which they are to operate, the working condition will be improved
since the environment will be termed a safe place to work from since accidents
and happenings will be highly avoided.
One of the sources of the organizations’ policies and procedures is the
organizations’ website. The major source is the institution's constitution.

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BSBINT405.
Task 3
Sustainability is the ability to meet the demands and the quality requirement in the present
without affecting the future generations. Amcor is termed to be sustainable in packaging due to
its sole goal of using the resources available sparingly and in a way that the future generation is
not compromised, (Verghese, Lewis & Fitzpatrick, 2012). The major points of sustainability that
Amcor employs include:
 Environmental sustainability. This involves the use of environmental resources to
the level it is available.
 Economic sustainability. This is the ability of an organization to use resources
responsibly.
 Social sustainability. This is the ability of a company to develop and maintain a
good reputation with the society it serves.
The table below shows a comparison of the various options available for packaging beverages.
Plastic Glass Metal
Based on environmental
conservation, plastics are
highly recyclable as
compared to both glass and
metal, (Verghese et al.,
2012). This has highly
helped in the conservation
of the environment. On the
other side, when poorly
deposited it is the highest
known cause of pollution on
the planet. Central and
Eastern Europe empress
plastic more as compared to
As compared to metal, glass
can be easily recycled as
compared to metal. Most
companies have therefore
adopted glass more than
metal, (Verghese et al.,
2012).
Most packaging countries
have not impressed metal
packages for beverages due to
hazards associated with it in
depositing, (Verghese et al.,
2012)

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the United Kingdom
The other reason why
plastic is highly used
because it is light as
compared to other
materials. This helps in
reducing the exportation
costs.
Of all the other three
materials, glass is very heavy.
This makes it the least used
especially for the people
looking forward to export.
Metal is lighter than glass but
heavier than plastic. Based on
this factor, metal is preferred
to the glass.
According to Verghese et
al., (2012) the third reason
that favors plastic is its
malleability. This makes it
the most preferable since it
can be manipulated into the
required shape.
After manufacture, glass
cannot be reshaped into any
other form hence not
preferred in packaging.
As compared to glass, metals
can be easily molded into
required shape when
packaging.
In case there is a need for the advice of a specialist, there are two major sources where
one can be able to obtain specialist advice, (Spivey, 2014). The major source from the
government specialists. This is a very credible and cheap source of advice to the client. Through
the government specialist, one can obtain advice at a relatively low cost. According to Spivey,
(2014), government officials offer credible information and are more reliable as compared to any
other source of advice. Government specialists are also well versed in the regulations that are to
be followed in packaging as compared to other specialists. An alternative source of advice is
from the private sector whereby one must pay before advice is offered. To identify the location
of these private specialists, one can easily do so by searching the internet. The other advantage of
the internet is that one can be able to access online help from the private specialist without
necessarily going to their physical location. This is especially advantageous since one can be
able to access advice at his or her convenience, (Spivey, 2014).