End-User Feedback and Payroll System Prototyping Report, Unit 28

This report details the development of a payroll management system prototype. It begins with a review of end-user categorization, classification, and behavior modeling techniques, including customer journey maps, user interface models, and personas, with a focus on tools like UXPressia, Luc...Read More

Running head: PROTOTYPING
Unit 28: Prototyping
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author’s Note

1
PROTOTYPING
Table of Contents
P3 Review of End User Categorization, Classification and Behavior Modelling Techniques.......2
P4 Exploring specific end user and appropriate prototyping for testing with the user type............6
P5 Exploring appropriate tool for development of multiple prototypes..........................................8
P6 Performing End user experiments and examination of feedback.............................................10
P7 Analysis of end user feedback form multiple iterations of the prototype................................10
Bibliography..................................................................................................................................12

2
PROTOTYPING
P3 Review of End User Categorization, Classification and Behavior Modelling
Techniques
Currently the company faces different problems for the management of taxes, funds,
incentives, bonuses, compensation for overtimes, etc. Each of this is needed to be calculated for
each of the employees working in the organization for a month. The calculation is known as
company payroll and it is the process for paying salaries to the employees. The company can
face problems in mismanagement and mistake can lead to receive of wrong salary. The solution
can be a payroll management system and it can help the organization to eliminate the manual
paper works and save time and effort. The payroll system can also help in improving the
productivity and save company resources.
For the development of the prototype of the payroll system we have selected Adobe XD
as we found it most suitable by comparing its feature with the other tools. It can be used as a one
in all solution and enables the designer to create mock up and mobile application. There are
different tools, templates and artboard with a layer panels. It also supports integration with the
adobe creative suit such that objects can be imported easily and support all the design needs. The
following are the features offered by the tool.
 Auto animate and advanced animation
 Controls for drag and drop
 Repeat grid
 Voice prototyping
 Resize and responsive tool
 Import from sketch, illustrator and Photoshop

3
PROTOTYPING
 Private invitations
 Web based designing specs
 Reviewing and commenting support for stakeholders
 Categorisation modelling techniques (what is it)
The customer journey map is used for telling story about the customer experience from
initial contract using the process engagement and for a long term relationship. It helps in
pointing the stages of the journey. There are different tools available for its creation like:
- UXPressia – It is used as a cloud based management platform for visualizing,
presenting, sharing and improving the journey of the customer. There are different
option such as real-time offering online collaboration of more than one user,
integrating with multiple sources of data, interface with easy drag and drop
support.
- Lucid Chart – It is used as a visual tool for gathering the experience of the
customer and have extensible formatting with customizable template. The
findings can be visualized and shared for targeting specific persona and increase
the revenue of the organization.
- MS Visio – It can be used for creating simple and complex diagram for the
customer and has inbuilt shapes, objects and stencils for working.
- Gliffy – It is a web passed platform used for editing or creating diagrams. It can
be used for collaborating with draft and simple features like organizational chart
and VENN diagram.
 Classification modelling techniques –description

4
PROTOTYPING
The user interface model can be classified as interaction model, architectural model and
implementation model. The interaction model can have direct manipulation or direct
combination. The architectural model can be model view controller, presentation abstraction
control, service oriented architecture and multitier. The implementation model can be
procedural language based, declarative language based and mixed approach. The
implementation model can also have programmatic approach and it can be used for the
development of user interface design.
Persona- What is Persona?
A persona is defined in the user centered design as a fictional character that are created
for the representation of a type of user who would use the system. The personas are used by the
marketers with the market segmentation for the representation of specific segments.

5
PROTOTYPING
- Extensio- Extensio can be used as a collaboration platform for the
marketing, sales and strategy team and it is used for creating sales sheet,
report, case studies. Images, videos and interactive modules can be added
by dragging and dropping the items and it provides an the user the option
to edit the items.
- Personaapp- it is used for the development of persona based on the
research and representation of different user types who would use the
service, product or site in a similar manner.
- Hubspot- It is online platform for the customer service, marketing and
sales providing CRM software that helps in boosting the business growth.
It can be used for organizing, tracking nd development of better
relationship with the customer.
 Behaviour modelling techniques- description and tools like:
It acts as a component of social learning and guides the employees to do something for working
as a standard modelled behaviour.
- Activity diagram – it can be used as a behavioural diagram for the depiction of the system
behaviour and portraying the control flow from start to finish. The different paths of
decision are shown while executing the activities.
- Use Case – It is considered as a list of events or action that defines the interaction
between the role for the achievement of the goals. The actor can be an external system or
human.

6
PROTOTYPING
- State Diagram – It describes the system behaviour and needs the system to compose finite
number of states.
P4 Exploring specific end user and appropriate prototyping for testing with the user
type
There are different modeling techniques that can be applied for the development of user
interface of the payroll system. We have selected mock up technique for the development of the
prototype since it can help in demonstrating and teaching the managers, employees and the HR
department about the working of the system. The mock up is designed with least functionality
which helps in extensive testing of the design. This can also help in gathering feedback from the
users and add improvement in the design.
Steps Evaluation Issues Description
Problem Identification What is the goal?
Who would use it?
What decision would it
support?
What type of data are
available for supporting the
model?
The mock up helps in
evaluation of the issues and
gathering feedback from the
real life environment.
Conceptual Model Availability and alternative
theories
Uncertainties
Assumptions
It is used for finding the
uncertainty and performing a
peer review on the system

7
PROTOTYPING
Peer review
Constructed Model Availability of data
Test scenario
Choice of algorithm
The mock up helps in
construction of the model and
test the design under different
environment.
Model Use Quality of input data
Comparison with observation
Appropriateness of model
with problem
The mock up model is used
since it is found appropriate
and can involve the users for
gathering feedback and make
changes in the final product.

8
PROTOTYPING
P5 Exploring appropriate tool for development of multiple prototypes
The following are the stages of software development lifecycle model that is
implemented for the development of the payroll system. The different stages involved are
described below:

9
PROTOTYPING
- Design Phase – In this phase design choices are made where more than one design is
developed for the achievement of project result. The product of design phase consists of
sketches, flow charts, screen design, prototypes, UML schemas, etc.
- Construction Phase – In this phase a schedule is maintained and an estimation is made for
the tools and materials needed for the development of the design. This phase is completed
when the implementation is ready to be started.
- Testing Phase – The prototype is distributed with the stakeholders associated with the
project for testing the usability. This phase ensures the quality and goals of the project
and finds that the software works according to the requirement.
- Operation and Maintenance – It is used for formulation of training, cleaning and
maintaining good work practice. It offers competency, process and service that are
needed for the facilitating operation and maintenance.
The design phase is considered for the preparation of the prototype of the payroll system and
here adobe XD is considered as an appropriate tool for the development of the interface
designs.
P6 Performing End user experiments and examination of feedback
Feedback form
Feedback form
Features of the
system
Criteria
Excellent Good Fair Poor
Transparency
and accuracy of


10
PROTOTYPING
data transfer
Accessibility of
the system

Privacy and
security of the
system

Automated and
contextual data
collection

Simplified
payroll
processing

Effortless cross
functional report
as well as
analysis

Interactivity of
the system


11
PROTOTYPING
According to the feedback provided by the user the user interface that is developed for
the payroll management system works according to their expectation. For performing the end
user experiments a test scenario is created such that the data logs can be recorded and successful
completion of the task can be documented. The time needed for the completion of each of the
task are needed to be evaluated along with the satisfactory vs error results (Križanac 2019). The
test is needed to be performed on the brief summary and the prototype is needed to be changed
based on the test results.
P7 Analysis of end user feedback form multiple iterations of the prototype
SWOT analysis is one of the strategic planning tools that is mainly utilized in order to
examine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities as well as threats after getting feedback on the
developed Payroll system prototype from the users.
Strengths
 The system is highly accessible and
transparent which further helps the HR
department in reaching wider audience.
 The system provides automated and
contextual data collection and further
helps in simplified payroll processing
which not only reduces the work of HR
department but also provides error free
result.
Weakness
 It is found that earlier the company can be
able to keep salary of the employees
private however now with the help of
payroll, the employers can look that the
salary level publicly from white collar
rank and can be a negative point for the
organization.
 The interactivity of the system is quite
low and as a result the users get irritated
while working on the system.
Opportunities Threats

12
PROTOTYPING
 The payroll system can be further
developed by adding features like
attendance management system, employee
management system, ESS module as well
as assets management which will further
provide a number of opportunities for the
HR department.
 It is found that even the data of the
organization will be safe from hacking as
well as cyber-attacks, it is found that non-
compliance with the local legislation
 Spear phishing is one of the practices that
can cause a number of privacy and
security challenges.

13
PROTOTYPING
Bibliography
Bagustari, B.A., Sari, A.M., Juraida, E. and Sensuse, D.I., 2019, October. Anonymity Supporting
Tool for Community of Inquiry-Based Platform in Encouraging People to Share Knowledge: A
Case Study of Pusilkom Universitas Indonesia. In 2019 4th International Conference on
Information Technology (InCIT) (pp. 12-17). IEEE.
Burg, S., 2020. Designing an app prototype for employee business travel using value-based
requirements engineering(Master's thesis, University of Twente).
Duval, J.S., Márquez Segura, E. and Kurniawan, S., 2018, April. SpokeIt: A Co-Created Speech
Therapy Experience. In Extended Abstracts of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in
Computing Systems (pp. 1-4).
Efindo, Y., Nugroho, L.E. and Ferdiana, R., 2019, July. The Design of Two-Way Relationship
Tourism Planning System with User Centered Design (UCD). In 2019 International Conference
on Information and Communications Technology (ICOIACT) (pp. 38-43). IEEE.
Gustafsson, F., 2019. An Explorative Design Study of a Booking System: Evaluating the
Usability and Experience of a User Interface for Novice Admin Users.
Huddleston, R., 2017. Creating Interactive Prototypes. In Beginning Adobe Experience
Design (pp. 153-166). Apress, Berkeley, CA.
Huddleston, R., 2017. Introduction to Adobe Experience Design. In Beginning Adobe
Experience Design (pp. 7-21). Apress, Berkeley, CA.
Huddleston, R., 2017. Beginning Adobe Experience Design: Quickly Design and Prototype
Websites and Mobile Apps. Apress.

14
PROTOTYPING
Knight, W., 2019. Prototype, Evaluate, Iterate. In UX for Developers (pp. 127-148). Apress,
Berkeley, CA.
Križanac, A., 2019. Designing, prototyping and testing a company travel management
application (Doctoral dissertation, University of Rijeka. Department of Informatics.).
Lai, L., 2018. Learn from the present, design for the future: A user-centered approach to inspire
the design of video prototyping tool (Master's thesis, University of Twente).
Ledo, D., Vermeulen, J., Carpendale, S., Greenberg, S., Oehlberg, L. and Boring, S., 2019, June.
Astral: Prototyping Mobile and Smart Object Interactive Behaviours Using Familiar
Applications. In Proceedings of the 2019 on Designing Interactive Systems Conference (pp. 711-
724).
Nguyen, L., 2019. Building e-commerce solutions with Woocommerce.
Nikolova, K., 2019. User Interface for SentinelDPO(Bachelor's thesis, University of Twente).
Orzeszek, D., Kopec, W., Wichrowski, M., Nielek, R., Balcerzak, B., Kowalik, G. and
Puchalska-Kaminska, M., 2017. Beyond participatory design: Towards a model for teaching
seniors application design. arXiv preprint arXiv:1707.05667.
Phunkaew, T., Phandan, C. and Wongwatkit, C., 2019, October. Design and Evaluation of
Interactive Learning Story and User Interface Prototyping for Mobile Responsive Learning
Application. In 2019 4th International Conference on Information Technology (InCIT) (pp. 132-
137). IEEE.

15
PROTOTYPING
Pinto, T.D., Gonçalves, W.I. and Costa, P.V., 2019, October. User interface prototype generation
from agile requirements specifications written in concordia. In Proceedings of the 25th
Brazillian Symposium on Multimedia and the Web (pp. 61-64).
Schwarz, D., 2017. Jump Start Adobe XD. SitePoint.
Smith, J. and Smith, C., 2017. Adobe Creative Cloud All-in-one for Dummies. John Wiley &
Sons.
Wood, B., 2019. Adobe XD CC Classroom in a Book (2019 Release). Adobe Press.