Ethics, Sustainability, and Circular Economy in Buenos Aires

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the circular economy, focusing on its application in Buenos Aires, Argentina. It begins with an introduction to the concepts of international business ethics, sustainability, and social impact, emphasizing their importance for future generations. The report then discusses the circular economy, referencing the theories from which it emerged, including conventional linear economy, circular model, eco-efficiency, and mass and energy. The study explores the development of the circular economy in Buenos Aires, a developing country, and examines its progress, focusing on barriers like the large number of businesses, resistance from industries, denial for change, and lack of supervision. It also highlights enabling factors and opportunities for growth, such as plan formulation, implementation, strategy, and assessment. The report further addresses the roles of local and international companies and the local government in supporting the circular economy's development. Finally, it provides key findings and recommendations for action, culminating in a conclusion and references. The report underscores the importance of sustainable practices and the benefits of a circular economy for both businesses and the environment, especially in a developing country context.

Ethics, sustainability
and social impact

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
Discussion of Circular Economy referring to theories from which it emerged.....................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
Development of circular economy in a developing country and its progress focusing on the
barriers, enabling factors and opportunities for its growth.....................................................5
Development of circular economy enabling factors and opportunities for its growth:..........6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
What local and international companies and local government can do to support the
development of circular economy in a city............................................................................7
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................8
Report for commonwealth Local Government ministers meeting on key and recommendations
for action in a city...................................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
In International business ethics, sustainability and social impact play a vital role as it
brings standards in a business and helps the business to form an environment which is perfect for
future generation. An organisation should always consider in mind various factors which impact
environment in general (Croom, and et. al. 2018). A sustainable business is always useful to the
environment and for international regulating bodies like NGOs, UN, Commonwealth etc. This
report includes analysis of various theories related to circular economy, example of developing
commonwealth in a city and circular economy examples. This report contains analysis of
progress of circular economy in a city, what government can do to promote local and
international companies to support development of circular economy in a city. This report also
contains report for commonwealth local Government ministers meeting on key and
recommendations for action in a city. In this report example of Buenos Aires city which is
capital of Argentina is taken to into consideration to understand circular and commonwealth
economy in a precise manner.
TASK 1
Discussion of Circular Economy referring to theories from which it emerged
Circular Economy refer to major economic activities which facilitates the development of
overall system in a economy. In circular economy, both large scale business and small scale
business play a major role for achieving organisational and individual goals. Circular economy is
beneficial for whole world in carrying out sustainable international business. It helps in
development of systematic business opportunities in the market which is also beneficial for
citizens of a country. Various societal benefits are also facilitated by circular economy which
generally leads to formation of corporate social responsibility for a business. In this modern
word, role of technology is increasing day by day, so the circular economy facilitates a business
to gain growth in market with proper use of information and technology (Gatto, 2020). In
circular economy, there is a vital role of government in promotion and support of a business
which facilitates an entity to conduct all related tasks to its functioning in a proper manner.
Circular economy also facilitates optimum utilisation of resources in order to avoid air, water
and noise pollution carried out by different countries. Circular economy also incudes recycling of
waste products and materials present in an economy in order to develop a comprehensive

approach which increases sustainability of all the businesses which are present in an economy
(Theories of circular economy,2021). The theories of Circular economy are explained below:
 Conventional linear economy- This theory of circular economy play a major role in
marketplace for a business as well as for the government under which conventional
practices are performed. This theory includes the engagement of resources and after that
production in a business is performed and after the product is used, it is considered as
waste. In conventional linear economy, the approach of Take-make-waste is taken into
consideration which generally takes raw material and makes a product and after its use
the product gets waste, it means the product is thrown in garbage. Conventional linear
economy causes pollution in environment and leads to develop a dangerous approach
which impacts the environment in a negative manner. The examples of conventional
linear economy are GHG emission, POP emission and Garbage hill.
 Circular model- Circular model mainly deals with recycling of produced and consumed
materials in an economy, The circular model uses the resources available in a country in
an optimum manner as well as it helps in protecting the environment in a precise manner
with the help of recycling a product (Harjoto, 2017). The products in a circular model are
reused in an economy which prevents wastage of resources available in a country. The
circular model is widely used by most of the businesses in order to facilitate a sustainable
environment in the country.
 E co Efficiency- This theory in circular economy deals with performing more production
using less amount of resources. The E co efficiency also develops an environment which
stops the wastage of resources for a business. This theory is widely practised in various
countries where heavy industries takes into consideration very less amount of resources
in its production process and forms a production quality which is also environment
friendly. With the application of this theory, 3Rs are used in a business which are reduce,
reuse and recycle. This theory also focuses on bringing energy efficiency in a business
which is also good for an organisation to reduce pollution and perform a sustainable
business in market.
 Mass and energy- This theory of circular economy uses conventional sources in the
production process of a business. Mass and energy use in business production process
helps a business to get competitive advantage and use cheap sources to facilitate

production in the industries. Solar panels and wind panels are widely used in an
organisation to develop an effective approach in order to minimise the production cost of
a business (Hussain, and et. al., 2019). The mass and energy also maintains global
standards in a business which are helpful in bringing efficient use of resources. The
minimisation of pollution related to air, water and noise is also achieved by a business
under the mass and energy theory in a circular economy.
TASK 2
Development of circular economy in a developing country and its progress focusing on the
barriers, enabling factors and opportunities for its growth
Argentina is amongst top 10 developing countries in the world, city of Buenos Aires has
many industries which are operating at the marketplace in an optimum manner for the
development of country. Circular economy is modified from time to time in Argentina to
develop rules and regulations of a business in market to facilitate an economy. Through the
development of circular economy in a country, various aspects related to the development of a
sustainable business can be achieved. Development of a circular economy in city of Buenos
Aires is not as there are thousands of industries carrying out there business (Husted, 2017). The
industries are causing a major harm to the environment as well as emissions produced in a high
quantity are causing a lot of air pollution in whole city. The life of marine organisms is also
under a threat due to environmental issues caused by many giant industries at the marketplace.
The role of government is precise in formulation of an effective strategy which facilitates the
business environment of various industries at Buenos Aires.
Barriers in development of a circular economy:
 Large number of businesses- Thousands of industries are operating in environment of
Buenos Aires city. Various heavy industries are also present in the city which contributes
to environmental pollution by GHG and POP emissions. It will become hard for the
government to implement its circular economy plan for such a large number of industries.
Large number of industries needs a proper and systematic approach formulated by
government to bring stable operations in the field of circular economy.
 Resistance by industries- Various industries at Buenos Aires city will resist the
implementation of circular economy in a precise manner and this should be considered as

a major factor in implementation of circular economy by the government. In other words,
heavy industries rely on performing various operations which led to heavy emissions that
eventually develops formation of air and water pollution (Junior, 2018). The resistance
which is performed by various industries which will lead to cause a major barrier for
government in implementation of the circular economy.
 Denial for change- In Buenos Aires city, there are various companies which don't want
to change there various functioning in marketplace. They will deny for change related to
circular economy, Government of Argentina should look after the measures which should
be adopted by it to conduct an effective change at the marketplace of several industries. It
is most challenging aspect in the field of implementation of circular economy in a
country. Denial for change is unethical practice performed by various industries which is
a major reason in creating a barrier for circular economy in the environment.
 Lack of supervision- Proper and necessary supervision over all activities of industries
after implementation of the circular economy is very essential. It requires huge amount of
efforts from the government to develop proper implementation of circular economy in
Buenos Aires. For effective supervision a good systematic approach is needed by
government, this will also help in circular economy auditing which will lead to
formulation of various developments in the country as well. Information and technology
will also lead in monitoring all the activities related to industrial functioning in city of
Buenos Aires. This is one of the major barrier in implementation of circular economy.
Development of circular economy enabling factors and opportunities for its growth:
 Plan formulation- In order to achieve growth in an economy with the task of circular
economy, it is important for Government to formulate an effective and efficient plan
which leads to create a comprehensive approach in market to implement circular
economy (Landi, 2019). Government of Argentina should prepare an effective plan
which contains all necessary requirements for conducting operations related to circular
economy in order to benefit society and formation of sustainable development.
 Plan implementation- After the plan formulation by Government, it is essential to
implement in a precise manner for achieving growth and expansion in field of circular
economy. Implementation of plan should be done in an optimum manner to facilitate the

minimisation of environmental pollution. Plan implementation should be done in phases
in order facilitate circular economy achievement for Buenos Aires city.
 Plan strategy- A proper strategy prepared by various professionals and experts is
essential in development of a circular economy. There should be an effective strategy in
market for implementation of circular economy related operations. A good strategy for
plan will minimise various hurdles and obstacles of the government to develop a
developed circular economy (Martinuzzi, 2019). In the implementation of plan for
circular economy, it is essential for a regulating authority to deploy professional
environmentalists to define a precise strategy for developing circular economy.
 Plan assessment- After the implementation of a plan with efficient strategy, review of
plan is very essential in order to achieve goals and objectives of circular economy. Plan
assessment should be done by various experts to facilitate implementation of the circular
economy plan. It will also lead to bring various strategies for near future which will
minimise wastage and environmental pollution.
TASK 3
What local and international companies and local government can do to support the development
of circular economy in a city
In Buenos Aires, many industries along with the Government of Argentina are dedicated
to develop a circular economy in the country. The major stakeholders in achievement of a
circular economy in a country are Industries, local authorities and respective Government of a
country. All these stakeholders can form an association and develop circular economy in the city
as well as for the whole country (Pompper, 2017). This development will facilitate living
organisms with the help of less pollution in environment as well as it will develop a precise and
noble environment in the city of Buenos Aires. Support of local government will lead to develop
a healthy environment in the city. It will also help city in usage of recycled products as well
bring energy efficient technology in the industrial environment. The contribution factors by local
government and local and international companies for development of circular economy are
mentioned below:
 Less paperwork- The local government of Buenos Aires as well as the major companies
which are present in city should use computer systems in their operations. Living

organisms which are present in environment of the city suffers a lot from side effects of
paper as they eat or swallow paper most of the times. Consumption of paperwork in a
minimum manner will improve environment of city in many different ways.
 Emission reductions- Heavy industries can minimise GHG and POP emissions in order
to clean air and minimise air pollution, local and authorities which are present in city
should look after all environmental policies and formulate major environmental policies
which focuses on bringing an effective change by minimisation of gases and emission
produced by many companies.
 Change in environmental policies- Change in environmental policies of local
government and industries in an effective manner to facilitate development in circular
economy to facilitate environmental issues (Schönborn, and et. al., 2019). Government of
Argentina is dedicated to bring all necessary environmental changes in country. The
current environmental policy of the country is not effective and efficient as air and water
pollution is rising day by day. Government should change its environmental policy as
soon as possible to achieve defined circular economy goals in a short span of time.
TASK 4
Report for commonwealth Local Government ministers meeting on key and recommendations
for action in a city
Commonwealth of Nations is considered as an association of 54 Sovereign states which
also comprises United Kingdom as a precise member. The secretariat of commonwealth of
nations is situated at London in order to coordinate various commonwealth activities
(Commonwealth of nations,2021). This association contains various rules and regulations which
are formed in a yearly meeting, these regulations are essential to follow for every country to
achieve sustainable growth and development. The main purpose for the formation of
commonwealth of nations is to bring an overall rapid growth in a country as well as to achieve
various mutual goals and objectives which are formulated by countries which are members of
commonwealth of nations. However, there are no legal obligations and impositions on different
countries to follow decisions which are formulated in commonwealth meetings.
Report for commonwealth Local government ministers meeting on key and
recommendations for action in a city:

It is recommended for all Local government ministers of commonwealth of nations to
develop a uniform circular economy for every sovereign state in order to eliminate major
environmental issues which are arising out since a long time. Local government ministers should
prepare a precise agenda for a meeting, which will help in formulation of a specific plan which is
required to fulfil and fix all environmental issues. The local ministers should also look for proper
implementation of plan which is derived from meeting of commonwealth of nations.
Implementation is very much essential for bringing an effective change in environment of
country (Silva, 2019). Therefore, it is recommended for local ministers to supervise and monitor
the plans which are outcome of commonwealth meetings.
It is also recommended for local ministers to act with integrity and honesty regarding the
implementation of circular economy plans. Local ministers should allocate a good amount of
funds as well as take professional advice of various environmentalists to develop a
comprehensive plan for future. Focus of local ministers should be on bringing sustainability and
feasibility in environment of a country. Local ministers should also focus on various issues
which are helpful in solving out environmental problems which are faced by the society.
Focusing on sustainability will also increase involvement general public in maintaining level of
pollution in environment. Local ministers are also recommended to do a brief assessment of their
implemented strategies in order to identify major drawbacks and limitations which are coming in
between the operations. It is also recommended for local ministers to allocate majority of funds
on solving environmental issues and also to resolve environmental conflicts. Local ministers at
commonwealth of nations should maintain a coordination in order to do coordination and
communication of various activities and operations related to mutual environmental goals
(Traverso, and et. al., 2018). The Local ministers should develop sustainable goals for a specific
time period and achieve them within a pre-defined period of time.
It is recommended for Local ministers at commonwealth of nations to keep in mind all
necessary guidelines related to COVID 19 in order to develop a sustainable environment. The
local ministers should take care of whole society in different sovereign nations for welfare of
society. It is duty of commonwealth of nations to improve current situation which is result of
COVID 19, improvement of situation will bring more stability in economy of different nations
and will lead in rapid development of the country. Situation of COVID 19 has impacted all states
which are members of commonwealth of nations in a negative manner, causing a brief harm to

economy. This will bring a systematic development in all sovereign states and will lead to
development of general public as well. Safety guidelines imposed by government in different
sovereign nations will also minimise threat which is their in mind of general public, when any
citizen moves out.
CONCLUSION
From the above stated report, it can be concluded that support of Government is
necessary to bring sustainability and positive social impact in a business. The Business ethics are
essential in upliftment of a business in an economy and benefits several citizens of that economy.
In establishment of global standards in a business, Government plays a major role. This report
also concludes that circular economy practice in a country plays a key role in determining
strength of a business and leads to formation of various appropriate standards in a business with
a necessary support of Government. This report also concludes that local and international
companies play a major role in the market. To ensure their functioning with sustainability and
positive impact on environment, it is essential for the government of a country to act in a precise
manner.

REFERENCES
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stakeholder orientation, and country risk on environmental, social, and governance
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