Construction Technology: Building Types, Services, and Design

This report delves into the realm of construction technology, focusing on various building types such as residential, commercial, and industrial structures, and examining the application of construction technology terminology in real-world projects. It outlines the significance of sustainability in building projects, emphasizing material selection, energy efficiency, and waste management. The report then explores pre-design studies, detailing the collection of crucial site information, including soil conditions and building weight, along with the impact of foundation design. Furthermore, it discusses superstructure elements like walls, roofs, floors, doors, and windows, and their role in building design. The report also covers techniques for site remediation and the types of substructure works required. Finally, it addresses supply arrangements and distribution for primary services within a building, and how these services impact overall building design.

CONSTRUCTION
MANAGEMENT

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................4
residential, commercial & industrial buildings......................................................................4
Various Ways in which sustainability is promoted in building of projects............................5
Applying of terminology used in construction technology in a construction project............6
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
Describe pre-design studies which is carried out & information being collected for given
construction site......................................................................................................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
Describe pre-design studies & kind of information gather for a given.................................9
Site of construction.................................................................................................................9
Parts of an element which allow fulfilment of function........................................................9
Compare and contrast different form of structural frame which is used to carry elements that
is primary & secondary of superstructure............................................................................10
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................10
Techniques being used for remediating of site prior to commencement of work of construction
..............................................................................................................................................10
Types of substructure works required for the infrastructures...............................................11
TASK 5..........................................................................................................................................12
Supply arrangements for various primary services..............................................................12
arrangements of Distribution for primary services..............................................................12
Elements of superstructure which is used to facilitate various primary services................13
Distribution of primary services impact on design of whole building.................................13
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14
REFERNCE...................................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Construction is referred to as a work which is a part of civil engineering and is directly or
people who will be living there. There is technology involved in overall construction work. This
report is on construction technology, which is being used in construction if building Hotels, they
is having location near motorway and is connected to Heathrow international airport (Shanbari,
Blinn, nd Issa, 2016.Rumane,2017). It is decided by the investor that they can build a 5 storey
building which is having a distance of approximately 1 kilometres. This report is based on
different building types which can be industrial, residential or commercial depending on the
purpose for which it is being used. It is also describing various techniques which are used in
construction structures which is affecting all the functions and criteria for designs. Lastly, it is
discussing supply & distribution of various service range and its application.
TASK 1
residential, commercial & industrial buildings
Construction technology basically is a concept which is contributing in construction
building by usage of different types of materials like stone, concrete, building, timber, glass,
various metals etc. this also involves different projects depending on customer requirement. It is
identified that there are different construction buildings which are build up with a specific
purpose (Rannsand Ranns, 2016). Every type of building which is being constructed has a
requirement of some technology which can help in its creation. Some differences which are
present in these construction technology is discussed below:
Commercial Building Industrial Building Residential Building
 Commercial building is
regraded as type of
building and is further
 This is a type of
building which is used
for objective of
 These are type of
buildings which are
developed for the

being used for various
purpose such as retail
stores, entertainment
purpose, shopping
centres, hubs etc.
 Min concern of every
civil engineer is that
person using that
building is able to have
a best experience and
they ensure this by
using latest technology
which can help in
sustainability for a
longer period of time.
manufacturing of
services and goods.
 The main concern in
such building is to
develop a safe building
but there are adequate
safety measures which
must be used to ensure
safety of people who
are working in this
industry(Behera,
Mohanty and Prakash,
2015).
purpose of a individual
who is willing to stay
with their whole
family.
 This is also a type of
building which is made
with a most simple
technology and is not
the same for a very
long period of time but
it keeps on changing
and modification are
taking place according
to requirement and
needs of people who
are staying in that
building.
Various Ways in which sustainability is promoted in building of projects
Constructing of a safe building is a responsibility of each person who has taken a contact
and is regarded as contactor in a particular projects as a constructed building is used by many
people. Also, it is the responsibility of the site inspector hat they can make use of various
different was and strategies so that overall sustainability can be enhanced of this hotel. Some of
suitable ways for this Hotel are disused below:
Selection of Material: In this major concern is that site inspector must choose a best
quality of material for construction of a building, site inspector has a requirement that they have
to analyse the raw materials which ave to be used in construction of these commercial buildings.
This will help in sustainability and life of such buildings (Prakash and Mohanty, 201).
Development of premises with energy efficiency: This is related to usage of efficient
sources of energy which is very important for every building which is being constructed so that
sustainability of premises can be improved and increased. It is said that if high energy material is
used then it will lead to enhancement of capacity of whole commercial building which will lead

to optimum utilisation of available sources of energy. It is also influencing the commercial dealer
so that they are using building so that high power usage can be handled in a effective manner.
Construction waste management: Managing waste is a very essential feature in construction
work which helps in enhancing usage of of available resources. It is a responsibility of the
manager that they are using those products which can further be recycled and then used in the
construction a similar building. Project leader, of the hotel can use the crushed concrete in
parking areas so that there is a effective usage of resources (Nomura, and Fukano, Komatsu Ltd,
2016).
Applying of terminology used in construction technology in a construction project
Construction technology consists terminology range which posses influence on
construction project. In the present case the Project manager is using technology which is
appropriate and updates which is helping in construction of a a building which is according to the
main commercial usage for it was build.
Basement: It is referred according to various rooms which are made on ground floor.
The site inspector of the Hotel project is having a plan to build up a basement to ensure that it
van be used for the parking purpose.
Cranes: This is considered as a device which can be used for lifting of heavy vehicles,
building components which are used in construction process so that overall work can be
simplifies.
Plaster: It is material which can be used for covering and ceiling of walls with mixture
of sand & water. In construction of hotel it is necessary for the site inspector that they are using
very high quality of plaster so that the base is very smooth for construction of hotel
(Jraisat,Jreisat and Hattar, 2016).
TASK 2
Describe pre-design studies which is carried out & information being collected for given
construction site
Construction of the building requires that there is a deep study of gathering information
so that of the information is wrong then there can be possibility that building may not be able to

work in the proper condition for a longer period of time. In context of above scenario, it is a
requirement that site inspector has to collect some information s that they are able to build a
perfect building for their hotel. Some major factors which have to b considered by the site
inspector are discussed below:
Local condition of soil: In this aspect the inspector of site who is involved in the
construction project has to gather information related to soil which can be useful in analysing the
quality of soil. It also consist of various categories such as clayey soils, clay or can be sandy
soils, it is also in context with ability of a particular soil whether it will be bale to support or not.
This information is beneficial in analysis of suitability for construction of hotel.
Building weight: Information which is collected by the site inspector is that they have to
make a analysis overall foundation capacity that it will be able to bear the weight or not.
According to this, material is helping the site inspector to have a foundation in completing
construction.
Construction of foundations & their suitability for use.
Foundation can be regarded as lower portion of surface which can help in building a
structure. It is very helpful in transferring of load from structure to the soil in a safe manner.
There are two types of structure of foundation which are mentioned below:
Shallow foundations: This is a foundation structure which is founded near a finished
surface of a ground where depth and width is less than 3m. These foundations have to be used
when surface soils may be stiff & strong (Van Staveren, 2018).
Shallow foundations can be classified as strip foundations, pad foundations and raft foundations,
they are also named as spread footings sometimes.
Deep foundations: These are those foundations which are present in below finished
surface of ground so that they are able to bear capacity which is getting affected by conditions of
surface and are having presence 3m below ground level. Different categorises of deep
foundations includes piers caissons, piles and compensated foundations. These type of
foundations can stand for long period of time and are very suitable for construction of a hotel
building (Mok, Shen,and Yang, 2015).
Use of site information and impact on overall design of foundation:

Foundation design is depended in two factors which are type of ground on which it is
build and second is site visit. When it has to be studies in detail the site visit comes initially such
as contactors visit various sites and then if there are cracks which are being observed then it may
indicate a subsidence which is caused because of ground movement. Before any excavation is
done at site it is necessary to analyse & locate various services which are necessary to be
conducted at site. Many neighbours are also providing some services which are necessary at time
of construction is done. It has to be taken care that open trenches can be protected with boards of
danger sign and also machinery has to be kept in proper place with adequate system of safety.
Information and study site is necessary for timely as well as efficient practises of
construction. It is necessary to recognize overall suitability of site construction according to
requirement of project and are in which it is being constructed. This also helping in reduction of
risk and causalities which are made by men which can occur in coming future.
TASK 3
Characteristics & features of superstructure as well as their design selection or choice criteria
The area which is above or high at the ground level is termed as superstructure. In simple
terms, it is the actual using area or the carpet area of a building. In context to construction of
Hotel building, superstructure area is located at above the lower and ground level. In order to
build superstructure, some of the elements that are essential is mentioned below which are as
follows:
Walls: The main role of walls is to support and strengthen the building. In order to build
walls, it is necessary that the raw materials that is using in making walls is of high quality. The
site inspector is responsible to check the quality of cement, bricks, concrete and so on(Fewings
and Henjewele, 2019). This will help constructing company to properly strengthen the walls.
Roofs: The main function of roof to maintain heat passage. It is at the top of building and
covers the upper part. In context to Hotel, roofs plays a very crucial role as it maintains the room
temperature of Hotels.
Floors- ground: It is important that the building have long term Durability. It is
necessary to have on ground floor of building that is going to construct. The site inspector checks
and adopts good quality of raw materials in construction. This will contributes in increasing
durability of building which is now going to constructed.

Doors & Windows: Nowadays, customers prefer sound resistance doors as well as
windows. This will help in decreasing sound pollution and maintaining privacy. In addition to
this, sound resistance doors & windows minimizes the level of disturbance that might positively
effect on visitors and guests.
Staircases: The main role of stairs in hotels is that it have the capability to resist ground
moisture. This assist in increasing stability of customers and gives security when they using
staircases. The site inspector is responsible in maintaining quality of materials that makes
moisture resistant staircases (Halpin, Lucko and Senior, 2017)
After analysing the above characteristic of superstructure it has been concluded that it is
important for every project inspector to consider these characteristic while constructing building
& bridges and checks the quality of raw materials. In addition to this helps in making hotel
building strong as well as durable which further give benefits to Hotel in long term.
Describe pre-design studies & kind of information gather for a given
Site of construction.
Pre-design study plays very crucial part in constructing a site as it examine the overall
condition & situation of sites. In context to construction of Hotel, it is necessary for site operator
to collect and assemble the proper information & data about site so that the resources can be
available easily while constructing of site(Illingworth, 2017). This will saves the time of
companies which construct Hotel building. Site inspector collect information about the labour
availability as they are important part for every companies to construct buildings. In addition to
this, pre design studies involves checking the availability of electricity at that particular location.
It also includes the information about transportation facilities as the construction of hotel needs
raw materials which is available to location via transportation only. With this, the site inspector
also monitors and check the availability of materials that is used in constructing of Hotel.
Parts of an element which allow fulfilment of function
The primary role of project managers is to create an effective structure as per the
instruction as well as requirement of customers. Thus, it is essential to finalise and settle those
elements that is going to use in substructure. According to this, it is analysed that floor should be

durable, sound resistant, water resistant and so on. The others components that is required are
mentioned below:
Concrete: It consist of various raw materials that is used in construction of buildings.
Concrete is essential element that helps in making strong floors. Without this, the construction of
building does not completed(Rumane, 2017).
Floor sheet: Floor sheets is important in constructing a building. For instance, floor
sheets is required in order to build water resistant floor. The quality and durability of floor sheets
is check by the site operators.
Compare and contrast different form of structural frame which is used to carry elements that is
primary & secondary of superstructure
Civil engineers follows various forms of structures while constructing. Structural frames
consist of flexible, rigid & braced structures. This structures are majorly used by peoples which
are described in detail below:
Rigid Frame Structure- Structure that is non moving, fixed and cannot be changed.
These structure is strongest as compare it to other structures(Van Staveren, 2018) . Rigid frame
made of blames as well as columns and consider as a single piece. This assist civil engineers to
construct and build strong Hotel.
Braced Frame Structure- This structure assists buildings to protect it from wind forces
& earthquake. Herein, it has analysed that Beams with columns consist of vertical loads(Wu,
Ann and Shen 2017).
In current plan of building a hotel, the civil engineers used rigid frame structure in order
build strong buildings. In addition to this, this will protect Hotel from heavy streams that effects
the structure of Hotel. It also assist hotel to strongly hold it in any of the circumstances.
TASK 4
Techniques being used for remediating of site prior to commencement of work of construction
Remediation is a way which is used in correcting something. It is related to overall
construction industry and remediating is a methodology which can be used in the initial stages of
a construction of a site by various civil engineers (Thunberg, , Rudberg and Karrbom

Gustavsson, 2017). In reference to constructing a hotel Building it is a requirement of civil
engineers that they are able to adopt various remedies so that sustainability can be enhanced and
company is able to survive for a longer period of time.
Some of important techniques of remedaiting are described below:
Chemical Treatment: This is related to location of site of the hotel which is in the periphery
area of the Thames valley. This enhancing the chances related to soil problem such as flexible
clay, extra wet etc, so that it is said that while a five storey hotel building is being constructed it
can not affect the sustainability of building because of ineffectiveness of soil. So to remediate the
soil it is being suggested that civil engineer has to do various chemical treatments which can
strengthen the soil in terms of chemical immobilization, oxidation etc. When these chemical
treatments will be used soil will be strengthen accordance with the requirement of construction
work (Fewings. and Henjewele, 2019).
Types of substructure works required for the infrastructures
Substructure in construction which is belonging to a place below ground level. Function
of substructure which includes are of foundation & also basement which is constructed on the
site. In the present scenario of the hotel building the site operator of this site is developing a
substructure which includes different type of work. Some of which are discussed below:
 Groundwork: This is a part of substructure and is mainly emphasizing on their workers
and various methods which can be adopted in construction in a effective manner. It also
includes setting of the foundation of building according to requirement in the overall
construction plan so that building is very strong and stable.
 Propping: Propping is referred to a structure which is supporting the construction of
building of hotel it is working as a support to whole infrastructure to provide more
strength to the substructure in the construction process.
Identify superstructure, civil engineering and substructure structures necessary for building of a
construction project
Superstructure: This is upper part in the construction site which is above the ground level. This
particular are of building is including the upper floor, roof walls etc. in relation with the
construction of a five storey building the project manager is able to finalise some basic elements
according to hotel requirement (Ansah, Sorooshianand Mustafa, , 2016).

Substructure: In context with the construction of building of hotel, raft foundation is honest in
selection of a suitable structure. This is a substructure which consist of concrete which is spread
across whole ground. Part from this it includes pillars on corners which is supporting the weight
of building. This is a best substructure which can help in construction of a five storey building
which can also have a parking space.
Civil Engineer Structure: This is a structure which falls under the category of civil engineering
and used in designing of environment . It is a art which includes bridges, dams, building and
canals and designed according to areas where they are built (Russell-Smith, and Lepech, 2015).
TASK 5
Supply arrangements for various primary services
To build a hotel the site inspector has to make arrangements of various types if services
which are primary in nature and are used for providing support for initiation of various
construction programs. It is very important that for effective utilisation of various raw materials
of good quality which can facilitate in building if a hotel. There are many primary activities
which are involved. Such as supplying of electricity, gas, renewable sources of energy, such as
water, plumbing, drainage, bricks, labour, cement and many others. Such resources are very
necessary for managing the overall supply of resources in a sufficient manner so that overall
construction work can take place in a more effective manner.
Addition with this it is also important that the overall supply of primary service includes
developing a understanding of actual requirement when hotel is being constructed such as
logistics, people, raw material ad activities, it is important to build a plan of action which can
facilitate the overall work of construction. It involves order of various agencies of government
on purchasing and procurement of goods for various specific requirements so that quality can be
improved. To deal with various suppliers it is being confirmed by the site inspector that they are