Business Administration: Negotiation, Presentation, and Documents

This report delves into key aspects of business administration, commencing with an exploration of negotiation, encompassing its importance, various approaches (compromise, integrative, and distributive), and crucial tactics like preparation and information exchange. The report then transitions to presentations, detailing different types (informative, demonstrative, persuasive, and inspirational), essential resources (software, notes, handouts, boards), diverse presentation methods (formal, informal, very formal, very informal), best practices for effective delivery (practice, assertiveness, audience contact, and voice), and methods for gathering and utilizing feedback. Subsequently, the report addresses bespoke documents, outlining their characteristics, factors for creation and presentation, legal requirements, and techniques. Finally, it examines information systems, covering their typical stages, benefits, limitations, legal and security requirements, and overall effectiveness within a business context. The report provides a comprehensive overview of these core business administration concepts.

Business
Administration

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Importance of negotiation in a business environment...........................................................1
1.2 Features and uses of different approaches to negotiation.....................................................1
1.3 Components of negotiation tactics........................................................................................2
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
2.1 Different types of presentation and their requirements.........................................................3
2.2 Uses of different resources to develop a presentation...........................................................3
2.3 Different methods of giving presentations............................................................................4
2.4 Best practice in delivering presentations...............................................................................4
2.5 Explanation of the way in which feedback is collected and used on a presentation.............5
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................5
3.1 Characteristics of bespoke documents..................................................................................5
3.2 Factors to be taken in to account in creating and presenting bespoke documents................6
3.3 Legal requirements and procedures for gathering information for bespoke documents.......6
3.4 Techniques to create bespoke business documents...............................................................7
3.5 Approval of bespoke documents...........................................................................................7
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................7
4.1 Typical stages of information system...................................................................................7
4.2 Analysis of benefits and limitations of different information system...................................8
4.3 Legal, security and confidentiality requirements for information systems in a business
environment.................................................................................................................................8
4.4 Use and effectiveness of an information system...................................................................9
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERECES.................................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Business administration can be defined as a the process of analysing performance of an
organisation and its operations. It guides the managers to form strategic decisions that can help to
form strategic decisions in order to strengthen organisational position. For all the companies it is
very important to administer all its executional activities so that it can be assured that all of them
are running smoothly or not (Albăstroiu, Felea and Vasiliu, 2014). In this project report various
topics are discussed such as negotiation and its importance, uses, features, components etc.,
different types of presentations, their requirements, resources required, methods, practices and
the way in which feedback is collected and used for presentation. Bespoke document, its
characteristics, legal requirements, techniques, way to get approval, information system, its
typical stages, benefits, limitations, legal, security requirements and its effectiveness are also
been covered under this assignment.
TASK 1
1.1 Importance of negotiation in a business environment
Negotiation: It can be defined as the process in which people settle differences.
Compromises or an agreement reaches to an extent by avoiding arguments and disputes with the
help of negotiation. It is very important for the business environment and all the importances are
as follows:
 Negotiation helps to establish good relations and guide to avoid possible future conflicts.
 It is important for the business as it helps to find such deals where two parties under
negotiation get benefits (Aschemann‐Witzel and Niebuhr Aagaard, 2014).
 For an organisation it is very important to keep the operational activities going on and on
by attaining higher profits for the company.
1.2 Features and uses of different approaches to negotiation
There are three different types of approaches of negotiation (Negotiation approaches,
2018). All of them with their features and uses are explained in following table:
Approaches Uses Features
Compromise approach This approach is used to make
improvements in lose lose
It is the best way for the
parties when it is impossible
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approach so that both the
parties may take advantage.
for both of them to convince
each other and resources for
contravention are constricted.
Integrative negotiation or
win win approach
It is the best approach from all
the other approaches because it
results in positive response of
both the parties as they feel
that they are achieving what
they want.
In this type of negotiation
there are sufficient resources
that can be distributed among
both the parties. It includes
cooperation, mutual problem
solving and sharing
information.
Distributive negotiation or
win lose approach
This approach is used to gain
advantages with the help of
manipulative actions,
misleading and concealing
information.
In this approach fixed
resources are divided so that
one party gets more and other
gets less.
1.3 Components of negotiation tactics
Negotiation tactics: These are the qualities that are used by negotiator to with a
negotiation and gain advantage. Basically these are deceptive and manipulative which is utilised
by parties to achieve goals and objectives. There are various types of components of negotiation
tactics. All of them are described below in detail:
 Preparation: For every negotiator it is very important to be prepare to communicate in a
negotiation. It is very important to keep each and every element that may help to win the
argument (Cuccurullo, Aria and Sarto, 2016).
 Exchanging information: In a negotiation it is very important for both the parties to
exchange appropriate information so that all the resources can be divided equally to both
of them. It is essential for the negotiators to share all the relevant content to each other in
order to finish the process successfully.
 Bargaining: This is one of the major component of negotiation tactic because without
bargaining it is not possible to win it.
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All the above described components are required to win and successfully complete a
negotiation.
TASK 2
2.1 Different types of presentation and their requirements
Presentation: It the process of defining or presenting a particular topics in front of an
audience. In various organisation it is used to motivate individuals, inform them about a new
scheme and present a new idea in front of a group (Types of presentations, 2019). There are
various types of presentations. All of them and their requirements are described below:
Presentation Requirements
Informative It is the most common type of presentation which is mainly
required to present research and thesis written by an individual.
All type of relevant data, findings of a group etc. are recorded in
it.
Demonstrative In such type of presentation all the information is recorded in
steps. It is required to guide the audience to complete a task in
easy form by following some guidelines.
Persuasive In such type of presentation speaker tries to convince the audience
to accept their point of view on a particular point. It is required to
discuss the problems and then talk about the ways in which all of
them can be resolved.
Inspirational This type of presentations are required to uplift or inspire the
audience. The speaker tries to motivate the group with the help of
good communication skills.
2.2 Uses of different resources to develop a presentation
For all the successful presentations various resources are required that helps to make it
more attractive and developed. All the resources and their uses are as follows:
Software packages: It is an important resource which may help to develop the
presentation in an impressive manner. These are used to put graphs, charts, tables, images and
other elements into it (Farmer, 2015).
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Speaker's notes: It is very important to keep the presentation simple and put less content
on the slides. Speaker's notes are used to add matter in notes which is related to the slide.
Audience's hand outs: These are the hard copy of presentations which is provided to the
audience in order to get their feed back and render them additional information. It is very
beneficial as it helps to identify weaknesses and guide to resolve them next time.
Boards and flip charts: These are the best tools that can be used to interact with
audience. It is used to get immediate feed back of the group in order to analyse that presentation
is good or not (Forsgren and Johanson, 2014).
2.3 Different methods of giving presentations
All the speakers always try to make their presentations which is not forgettable. For this
purpose various methods can be used. All of them are as follows:
 Very formal: This method is mainly used for big conferences in which information is
provided to large number of people. At last a formal question and answer round is
conducted in such types of methods in order to resolve queries of audiences.
 Formal: In this method a small conference in conducted in which the speaker is not
known to the audience. It is held in a meeting room and at the end of it questions are
asked by presenter in which interruptions can be faced.
 Informal: This method is used to provide information, get instant reaction and respond
and discussion over a common topic. The presentation is conducted for a small group in
which some of the members are known and others are unknown to the speaker.
 Very informal: In this method small meetings are conducted in which all the members
are known to each other. It is mainly used for informal meeting such as friend's get
together.
2.4 Best practice in delivering presentations
For all speakers it is very important to give impressive presentation which is possible
with the help of best practices. All of them are as follows:
 Practice: It is very important for the speakers to practice about the presentation on a black
stage. It is very beneficial for reducing hesitation, nervousness and fear of stage (Freel,
2016).
 Asserting : To be an effective speaker it is very important to be assertive not aggressive.
The things that matters to it are posture and presence. The presenters needs to assure that
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they are in a good attitude and have confidence to present themselves in front of the
audience.
 Contact with audience: It is very important to interact with audience and get their
response on presentation. For this purpose the speaker needs to make eye contract, have
appropriate gesture and a good language.
 Effective use of voice: While giving a presentation the speakers needs to use voice
effectively because it grabs attention of audience and make them aware of the topic. It is
very important to keep the pitch stable in order to interact with listeners (Grusec and
Hastings, 2014).
2.5 Explanation of the way in which feedback is collected and used on a presentation
For all the speakers to it is very important to collect feedback from the listeners in order
to make improvements and modifications in presentation. It can be collected by directly
interacting with group, conducting a question and answer round, providing speaker's notes to the
audience etc. It is very beneficial for the presenter as it may help to make appropriate changes to
the matter.
Speaker may directly ask the listeners to provide their feedback on presentation and if
they find any mistake then they may pass their judgement. In question and answer round the
presentation may get to know that it was effective or not. All the comments marked by the group
can guide to modify it and help to ignore previous mistakes.
TASK 3
3.1 Characteristics of bespoke documents
Bespoke document: It is document which is used by organisations to present its
professional picture. These are also considered as the brand image of the company. They can be
used easily and best suited for organisational purpose. There are various characteristics of
bespoke that are as follows:
 These documents are the clear picture of an organisation in which the professional may
find appropriate data which is required by them.
 It helps to retain existing and attract potential customers towards the company as it render
all relevant data to them (Holsapple, Lee-Post and Pakath, 2014).
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 Bespoke document is very helpful while trying to maintain reputation of the business that
may help to achieve objectives and reach goals.
3.2 Factors to be taken in to account in creating and presenting bespoke documents
For all the organisations it is very important to create and present bespoke document as it
helps to present a professional image. It can help the customers and interested stakeholders to get
detailed content regarding the company in order to form strategic decisions. There are various
factors that are required to be take in consideration while creating and presenting bespoke. All
the elements are described below:
 Available resources: For all business entities to analyse available resources while
creating this document because it is very important to add their information in them. It
helps to look at the costs that are spent by the company on staff members.
 Ease of use: This factor is required to be considered at the time of presenting the bespoke
as it helps to figure out the layouts and styles that are used by speaker are relevant or not.
For organisations it can be used to analyse that the information which is added to the
document is understandable by the user or not.
 Corporate factors: This factor focuses on brand of business and those elements that may
leave negative or positive impact on the image. All of them guides to form strategic
decisions to reduce impact of future consequences (Inman, 2016).
3.3 Legal requirements and procedures for gathering information for bespoke documents
For all the individuals it is very important to follow legal procedures and requirements
while formulating bespoke document as it may help to make sure that it is formed in appropriate
manner or not. Legal regulations are as follows:
Data protection act: According to this organisations and legal bodies should use
personal data of customers appropriately that does not affect their life and not harmful. While
gathering information for bespoke the individuals should make sure that the content will not be
used illegally.
Patent and copyright designs act: This act guides the researchers looking for
information not to use copyrighted information. If in some conditions it is used then add source
rather then considering it as their own research. If it is not followed then strict actions can be
taken by the government.
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Process of gathering information for bespoke includes only one elements that the data
should be relevant, accurate and actual. It is also very important to make sure that it is collected
under legal requirements or not.
3.4 Techniques to create bespoke business documents
Bespoke is a business document that reflects a professed image of a company. There are
various techniques that are used to form it. All of them are as follows:
Traditional method: In this method bespoke is created with the help of old methods.
Sometimes it is not possible for the organisations to present an appropriate bespoke with the help
of this method as it may result in errors and mistakes.
Modern method: In this method updated version of software is used to create bespoke. It
helps to make it attractive and impressive. This technique assures the accuracy of information
recorded in documents (Julien, 2018).
3.5 Approval of bespoke documents
It is the last stage of bespoke formulation process in which all the documents are
presented in front of top management in order to get their feedback. If any mistake is figured out
by them then they ask for modifications so that it can become perfect. When improvements are
made by the presenter then again it is showed to the seniors for approval. They analyse that
required changes are done or not. If they find that it is impressive and appropriate then approval
is marked by them. While trying to get approval the seniors assess the proof leading, editing,
feedback collecting and consultation skills of the presenter.
TASK 4
4.1 Typical stages of information system
Information system: It can be defined as the set of software which is used by
organisation to organise, analyse and control organisational data. It helps to find best solutions
for the problems by evaluating it in detail. There are various typical stages of it that are as
follows:
Analysis: In this stage individuals needs to analyse that the information which is
gathered is appropriate or not.
Development: This is second typical stage of information in which the place where
development is needed is assessed.
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Implementation: After developing the area system is implemented in the organisation.
Evaluation: This is the last stage of information system in which individuals evaluate
success of failure (Real, Roldán and Leal, 2014).
All the above described points are typical stages of information system followed by
organisations.
4.2 Analysis of benefits and limitations of different information system
There are various types of information system. All of them with their benefits and
limitations are described below:
Information system Benefit Limitation
Management information
system
It is very beneficial for the
organisations as it helps to
achieve higher level of
efficient and improve
decisions making ability of
managers by providing them
appropriate and reliable data.
To implement this system
technical knowledge is
required for this purpose
organisations needs to spend
money on training of the
employees.
Decision support system DSS helps to form strategic
decisions and find appropriate
solutions for organisational
problems.
In this system it is not possible
to collect all the required
information.
4.3 Legal, security and confidentiality requirements for information systems in a business
environment
For all the organisations it is very important to follow the legal requirements that are
imposed by the government on information systems. All the regulations are described below:
Freedom of information act, 2000: This act creates a public right of access on social
information. According to this act everyone is free to use and implement such data which
declared free by the public authorities (Urwick, 2018).
Copy design and patent act, 1988: According to this act if any organisation is using
public information then it should not declare that data was founded by it self as it is copyrighted
by some other companies.
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Both the above described regulations are required to be followed by all the organisations
to use information whether it is public or private.
4.4 Use and effectiveness of an information system
Use of information system: There are various types of information system that are used
for different purposes. For example, management information system is used to summarise and
analyse computerised data which is utilised by managers of the company. DSS is used to support
decisions making process of managers and also guides them to render appropriate judgements
upon organisational issues and problems (Toth and Vigo, 2014).
Effectiveness of information system: It is very beneficial and effective for business
entities as it may help to find best solutions for business issues. Decision support system is very
effective for all the companies because it guides the managers to find best solutions for business
issues. It helps to improve productivity and operational efficiency of the organisation.
In most of the organisations technology acceptance model is used to monitor the uses and
effectiveness of information system. It helps the managers to analyse all the benefits and
drawbacks of the system and facilitates while formulating decisions regarding implementation of
the new model within an organisation.
CONCLUSION
From the above project report it has been concluded that business administration is the
process of analysing all the operational and executing activities of the organisation so that all the
objectives can be achieved. Negotiation is the process of discussing on a same topic and then
distribute available resources to both the parties. Various types of methods are used by
individuals to give presentations these are informative, descriptive, persuasive etc. Bespoke
document is also used by organisations to present professional image of the company. For all the
business entities it is very important to have an appropriate information system in order to be
updated about market trends.
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REFERECES
Books and Journals:
Albăstroiu, I., Felea, M. and Vasiliu, C., 2014. Geographic information system-modern teaching
method in business administration. Amfiteatru Economic Journal. 16(37). pp.770-783.
Aschemann‐Witzel, J. and Niebuhr Aagaard, E. M., 2014. Elaborating on the attitude–behaviour
gap regarding organic products: young D anish consumers and in‐store food
choice. International Journal of Consumer Studies. 38(5). pp.550-558.
Cuccurullo, C., Aria, M. and Sarto, F., 2016. Foundations and trends in performance
management. A twenty-five years bibliometric analysis in business and public
administration domains. Scientometrics. 108(2). pp.595-611.
Farmer, D. J., 2015. Public administration in perspective: Theory and practice through multiple
lenses. Routledge.
Forsgren, M. and Johanson, J., 2014. Managing networks in international business. Routledge.
Freel, M., 2016. Knowledge-intensive business services: geography and innovation. Routledge.
Grusec, J. E. and Hastings, P. D. eds., 2014. Handbook of socialization: Theory and research.
Guilford Publications.
Holsapple, C., Lee-Post, A. and Pakath, R., 2014. A unified foundation for business
analytics. Decision Support Systems. 64. pp.130-141.
Inman, K., 2016. Women's resources in business start-up: A study of black and white women
entrepreneurs. Routledge.
Julien, P. A., 2018. The state of the art in small business and entrepreneurship. Routledge.
Real, J. C., Roldán, J. L. and Leal, A., 2014. From entrepreneurial orientation and learning
orientation to business performance: analysing the mediating role of organizational
learning and the moderating effects of organizational size. British Journal of
Management. 25(2). pp.186-208.
Toth, P. and Vigo, D. eds., 2014. Vehicle routing: problems, methods, and applications. Society
for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.
Urwick, L., 2018. Public administration and business management. In Democracy, Bureaucracy,
And The Study Of Administration (pp. 77-86). Routledge.
Online
Negotiation approaches. 2018. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.storyboardthat.com/articles/b/win-win-negotiation>
Types of presentations. 2019. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.accuconference.com/blog/types-of-presentations/>
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