Comprehensive Analysis of Data Collection and Management Systems

This report provides a comprehensive business analysis focusing on data collection methods, sampling techniques, and the significance of effective management information systems. It begins by discussing the importance of population and various sampling techniques like simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling, and cluster sampling. The report then differentiates between primary and secondary data, outlining their advantages and disadvantages in research. Furthermore, it emphasizes the critical role of an effective management system in enhancing organizational productivity, highlighting how such systems aid in informed decision-making, improved operational efficiency, and better resource allocation. The analysis underscores the necessity of balancing population growth with available resources and utilizing statistical data for market trend analysis. The report concludes by reinforcing the value of both data collection methodologies and robust management systems in achieving business objectives.

Business Analysis

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
QUESTION 1...................................................................................................................................4
A. Population: .............................................................................................................................4
B. Sampling technique.................................................................................................................6
QUESTION 2...................................................................................................................................7
Differentiate between primary data and secondary data. ............................................................7
Advantage and disadvantage of primary and secondary data......................................................9
QUESTION 3.................................................................................................................................10
QUESTION 4.................................................................................................................................11
To what extent effective management system is required in an organisation for increasing
productivity................................................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Research is activity which involves collection of data, developing hypothesis, testing
hypothesis and evaluating result(Ayadi, 2019). In this report a survey need to be conducted on
people for expanding working hour and working day. Significance of population and sampling
techniques need to be discussed. This survey is to be conducted on a organisation, data collection
method primary and secondary data type is to be discussed. Benefits and demerits of both the
sources is to be evaluated. Manual calculation of mean, median and the standard deviation is to
be shown on excel. In the report it also have to analysed how effective management information
is helpful for the management of the organisation.
QUESTION 1
Detailed investigation is generally done on illustrations of the subject, not on the whole
community size. Improbable challenging sections of immediate task consists of getting non-
uniform observations from nominated population into which assessment outcomes will be
accumulated. Initially, the change that different observations incurs are very challenging almost
every review either acquires more or less attention. In order to valuate the power of this
observation, scientists are required to determine the population size from which the the
observations has been acquired. This achievable as to whether the detection of a specific
discovery can be merged as many people believe on this data. The subsequent negotiation
depends on checking the system and different test processes. In this section, we will analyse the
significance of population and examining processes in focusing on evaluation of partners their
reaction to the given opportunity in order to forward payment of vacation.
A. Population:
It refers to the aggregate number of individuals acquiring an area irrespective of a city or
region, nation or the entire world and consecutively brings modifications by upsurge and
reduction. Community can rise when birth rates are more in comparison of death rates
(Azadegan and et.al., 2020). On the other hand it declines when death rates are more as
compared to birth rates. On the report of biotic population, the extent of a human population
relies on the supply of food, effect of diseases and other environmental measures.
Population can also be effected by socially dominated reproduction and by advancement
of technologies mainly in the medical sector and health of people, which results in decline in the
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life span of human beings. The observation of human population is termed as demography. In
18th century, community is first reccognise that death of human can be determined as an process
with analytical uniformity (Borwick, 2018).
Population is an most vital measure that assists in creation of balance in environment. It
should every time in an equilibrium situation with the methods. A balanced population is termed
as the aggregate of total population and available resources. If in case of upsurge in population in
comparison to resources of environment of a nation or a region cannot conserve. A balance
population can accomplish the needs and demands of people easily (Buckley and Casson, 2021) .
Theory and concepts of Population:
The famous Malthusian theory of population prosed by Thomas Robert Malthus states
that a balance between development of population and development of food can be maintained
by assertive checks. Certain elements of this theory are discussed further:
Population and supply of food: There was a huge increase in the population and the food supply
upsurge at a very lower rate as compared to production. Due to lower growth in supply of food
this will restrict in few upcoming years. Shortage of food leads to unbalancing of environment
and also points growth in population (Bussemaker and et.al., 2022).
Population Checks: Growth in the population rate more than the availability of food resources
creates a situation of disequilibrium where demands and needs of the community are not
satisfied. People does not get food to survive and this results in their death due to unavailability
of food. Nature has its own factors to make a balance and manage these resources and
population. It can take population level to the level of food supply by natural calamities like
earthquakes, floods etc.(Fuller, Jacobides and Reeves, 2019)
Use of population in statistics:
Population cab be utilised in the statistics to examine the behaviour, trends of market and
patterns prevailing in market in way individual and audience in a constituted group
communicate with the whole world surrounding them. It is significant to distinguishing the
target audience,so any organisation or individual can determine for whom and what information
id being referred. If the company is unable to understand then the collected data is of no
use(Gupta, Mejia and Kajikawa, 2019) . A analytical community is any portion or part of
representatives who are the topic of a observation, in simple words it termed as the group of
people which come together for a common purpose or in some cases there can be two common
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purposes also. For instance, in a observation that tries to calculate the mean weight of all 30
years old females of UK, the community will be all the females of 30 years situated in UK.
Analytical community can be particular as the wants of individuals. It mainly relies on the goals
and targets of the research which is being conducted.
B. Sampling technique
This method of sampling is the understanding of a specific objective by which the organisations
of sample have been chosen. There are a number of methods of sampling which are discussed
below:
Simple random sampling: In case of complete selection of each and every individual by chance
and every individual of population has an equal and identical opportunity, or possibility of
choosing a person(HARALAYYA and AITHAL, 2021). There is a different path of obtaining a
random sampling is to give each persona specific number in a population size. After that use the
table of random series to determine which person is indulged. For instance: if any individual
having a sampling of 1000 people, and it is numbered as 0 to 999, then use groups of three digits
from random table of numbers to choose sample. Therefore, in that situation the first three digits
from the random number table were 094, which choose the individual numbered as 94.
Systematic sampling: this is another method of sampling in which people are chosen at regular
intervals in the sampling. This duration is selected to check a proper size of sample. It they
require, a sample of n from the population size of x. They are required to select every x/nth
person of the sample. For instane: if they want a sample size of 200 from a population size of
2000 then they should choose every 2000/200= 10th person of the sampling frame. This
technique of sampling is not complicated as a comparison with simple random sampling
technique and it is also easly to understand.
Stratified sampling: In this form of technique, the population is initially diverged into sub groups
who all are of same importance. It is used when the may have logical interest which relies among
various subgroups and it requires to check the points from all sub-groups. For instance: in an
investigation of marked outcomes, it may assure the population by gender to check same
symptom of male and female. The testing of this sample is obtained by taking into consideration
similar sizes of sample from each and every level. In case of stratified sampling, it is also
appropriate to choose unequal sizes of sample from every stratrum. This stratified sampling
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upgrades the reasonableless and the pointers of the results by reducing sampling partiality.
Despite of this it also requires the knowledge of appropriate importance of the sampling frame.
Clustered sampling: In this form of sampling method, sub groups of thepopulation are used as
each portion of sampling, distant from the individuals. This population is diverged into sub
groups which is termed as clusters, which are chosen randomly and includes research. For
instance: Individual GP operations of towns could beset as clusters. In case of individual level
cluster sampling, all the persons of selected cluster are included in the experiment. In second
level of cluster sampling a section of persons from every cluster is randomly chosen for
understanding (Ivanovich, 2020)
QUESTION 2
Differentiate between primary data and secondary data.
Qualitative research is carried out get solution to a problem and other purposes. Data
collection is a process based on which the process of research is done. It is a process of
allocating, finding, evaluating information. This information is useful for finding solution to
problems and testing hypothesis. Also helps in understanding a phenomena based on which new
insights can be discovered. Data collection can be divided in two type primary and secondary
data. The type of data relevant for each research varies, data collection method is based on
discretion of researcher (Magerakis and Habib, 2021).
Primary data is method of data collection in which raw information is collected directly from the
source. It is considered as the most relevant information since it comes from original resources.
Primary data is done through survey, interview, focus group and questionnaires.
Secondary data is type of data collection which is considered as the information collected by
someone else. Reusing the collected information available on the internet, books and journals
etc. this data was also once primary data but the use by third party is said to be secondary data.
These data can inherit risk of biased ness and manipulative data.
Difference between primary and secondary data
Basis Primary data Secondary data
Definition Data collected from the main
sources. The data is collected
at real time gathered by the
While it is the data which has been
already been collected and available
for use. This data is second hand data
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analyst himself. The data
seems more reliable.
previously collected and publicly
available.
Methods Researchers are usually
available at site for data
gathering.
It is the data which is easily available
on the publications.
Data collection tools Surveys, questionnaires,
online forms and interviews.
Interviews can be telephonic,
face to face. Interactions.
(Marušić and Katavić-Čaušić,
2018)
Internet, library, books, government
portals, magazines, newspaper and
other.
Data type The data available as primary
data is considered as real time
data as the information is
sources when needed
This data is based on past research
and analysis. So this data can be
sometime obsolete or may be
considered relevant when not
collected carefully.
Expenses The data collected on primary
basis is expensive. There are
lot off expenses that are to be
meet for taking interviews
The data gathered by this method is
not expensive to collect. As it is
available publicly. This data can be
used by anyone.
Time period Information collected by this
method usually takes longer
time as its is gathered from
original source.
This method does not take a lot of
time as it is readily available.
Relevance The data collected through
this method is specific. It
matches to requirement of the
researcher. It provide more
relevant solutions to the
While the data obtained from this
method is not specific and often
regarded irrelevant
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problems.
Availability This data is available in crude
form.
Secondary data is refined form.
Advantage and disadvantage of primary and secondary data
Based on the needs and relevance of the research and problem to which the research is
searching solution. It basically decided the advantage and disadvantage to the data collection
method. This can vary from time of the event occurrence and situation in which the information
is required (Massaro, 2021).
Primary data
Advantage:
Primary data is raw form of the information, it s specific and relevant to the topic of research.
This helps in discovering new insights to the problem and provide accurate solution to the
problem. Data accuracy is very high , does not require extra caution and shows data in great
detail. Investigation for the purpose is more meaningful because the inquiry is done to original
source. It gives up to date information for the research as compared to secondary data
collection(Metaxas and Koulouriotis, 2019). The data collection method helps in learning new
insights to events which helps in development and discovery.
Disadvantage:
When data is collected from original source, the process requires a lot of time and money. There
is lot of wastage of resources for a specific purpose which is not that productivity in some cases.
In this process lot of labour is also required, also there are cases where primary data is not
possible to gather. It is very difficult to collect the data from the original source. Because some
times people resist themselves to give information required. It is often biased by researchers
discretion (Nam, Lee and Lee, 2019).
Secondary data
Advantage
This method of data collection is really cheap when talked in monetary terms. It is readily
available on website and publication free of cost. It is easy way conducting research. Does not
require much labour and resources of the organisation. Delivers result easy and early so that
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work does not gets delayed. No issues related to site visitation and inequities, overall it is
beneficial for getting quick outcome. Anyone can collect data from this source, this data is based
on long term research. Longitudinal analysis helps to understand different past trends and do
analysis. This data is based on previous research which primary data so the data obtained is more
refined one.
Disadvantage:
This data is not specific and also relevant to the need of research performed. It is not always
reliable and serious issue related to the biased reviews may affect the solution and outcome.
Secondary data is available in wide variety range but this is all not appropriate.
There is no control over the quality of the data collected from this sources. Because there is no
information about the resources from where the data is collected. This data fails in dynamic
environment because data available with competitors organisation and the researcher's entity is
same. The data collected from this source is not up to time it is based on past events and outputs.
QUESTION 3
The central propensity indicates the value of settling the focal or normal channel of the
set of data. Notable normal portions of central tendency consists of mean and mode, on the
contrary standard deviation is the segment of variable. The data given is collected for Marks and
Spencer of 5 continuos years (Perkins, Gezgin and Roe, 2018).
Mean: The mean signifies sum total of all the sets of data is split by numbers of sets pr portions.
It can also be expressed as the number of each noted outcome from an illustrated division, and
the aggregate of times. ẋ is the direct mean, and numerically , the mean of revenue of marks and
Spencer is considered as follows:
Mean= Total sum of set of data/Aggregate of data set
For instance, with the help of above data from Marks and Spencer, the average is expressed as
follows:
Mean = (10662 + 10698 + 10377.3 + 10181.9 + 9155.7) / 5
= 51075.1 / 5 = 10215.2
The main advantage of the mean is that there is no requirement to put data in the ascending
order, which is very engaging value and directs what each value would be if they were not
similar. The demerit of using mean is that its calculation is costly, generally given in the form of
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decimal number; one needs that each number should be included given in the data set, and it is
probablyjagged by abnormality.
Mode: it refers to the number that recurs or occurs at the top level. A collection of data can have
one pattern, more than one pattren or in some cases no pattern at all. In the absence of partial
duplication, data indexing needs patterns. Representing the index of data given by marks and
spencer, there is no patter to any imagination. Anyway it is good to note down that the pattern is
easy and can be found. Nevertheless the main hurdle of using mode is that it does not process
data explicitly.
Standard deviation: It is the square of variation's bases. It is the ratio of distance of the data
vale from mean, by addition and subtraction of mean from standard deviation. However, in order
to find out standard deviation, first evaluate the variance and then calculate volatility and
standard deviation. Volatility is represented by S2, while standard deviation is denoted by S.
Standard
deviation
Year Revenue xi - μ (xi - μ)2
2017 10662 10645.9 113335187
2018 10698.2 10682.1 114107260
2019 10377.3 10361.2 107354465
2020 10181.9 10165.8 103343490
2021 9155.7 9139.6 83532288.2
51075.1 2.84 521672690
Standard Deviation= √∑ (xi – μ)2 / N
=√ 521672690 / 10
Standard Deviation = √52167269 = 7222.69
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QUESTION 4
To what extent effective management system is required in an organisation for increasing
productivity.
I am totally satisfied with this statement. Because it is formed by the better and strong
association and formulated by a order of powerful, well- educated chains of choices (Salvador
and et.al., 2021). It depends on exact data, information and similarities or commonalities of
every and each convenient choice which aids to provide the information through executive data
structured.
MIS instructing efforts involve initiating the information which is necessary for the management
of an organization Whenever it considers about technology, staffing, team development and
promotions. MIS helps to track the data and information so select that update data and monitor
that how managers determine the routines through it which might be interrupt the business.
It refers to software based data sets which involves organization activities related data. MIS can
be used by the members of BOD and senior representative to track the management execution of
any business enterprise and view the operational report content like efficiency, effectiveness,
group transactions, revenue and etc. There are kind of MIS that depends on the situation of an
organization. Some MIS compares the current execution with scheduled or expected execution
with the help of setting goals that can be decided by the chief in the case of achieve and exceed
the goals.
The importance of MIS in the changing scenario is that the way of execution body and the
association can be changed by it. Let's take a example, if the report presents all the data but there
is one execution sector or department who is performing better than assumed. To the purpose of
aids the effort's rallies, additional help could be initiated or to fire the group, the authorities may
choose and then can be easily replaced (Shoukry, Khader and Gani, 2021).
Several types of MIS managements are there for independent directions, they all are discussed
below :
 select out the emotional support network. Regulators uses these which is beneficial for
this structured to aids class selection.
 A structured for data or information employees or business entities. The employees use
this structured who believes on data to present routine tasks like corporate subject matter
experts and personnel human resources.
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