201019 Business Analytics Report: Endangered Species Trade

This report analyzes the import and export trade of endangered species, focusing on the business analytics behind the ivory and cycad trade. It begins with an executive summary and introduction, followed by an overview of endangered species and relevant legislation. The report delves into the import and export dynamics of endangered species, with a specific emphasis on the ivory trade in Africa and Asia. It examines the trade of cycad, explores the reasons behind the illegal trade of endangered species, and assesses the impact of extinction on ecosystems. The report includes an atlas illustrating trade patterns and concludes with a summary of findings and recommendations, supported by references to relevant academic literature. The report fulfills the requirements of a Business Analytics in Practice assignment, providing a comprehensive overview of the subject matter.

Running head: Business Analytics 0
Business
Analytics
July 27
2019

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Table of Contents
Executive Summary.........................................................................................................................2
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
Endangered Species.........................................................................................................................3
Import and Export Trade of Endangered Species............................................................................4
Import and Export Trade of Ivory in Africa....................................................................................5
Trade in Asia....................................................................................................................................6
Trade of Cycad................................................................................................................................7
Reason of Trade of Endangered Species.........................................................................................8
Impact of the Extinction..................................................................................................................9
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................9
References......................................................................................................................................10

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Executive Summary
The main aim behind of this assignment is to collect the data and information about the
import/export trade of endangered species of the world. Many of the species have some specific
abilities in their body parts or organs. Those parts are can be used for the treatment of many
diseases and also used for the commercial use. But with the time these activities are increased in
illegal way on wide range. In the assignment the main focus is on the import and export trade of
the Ivory. The data and information are described in the assignment are recorded with the proper
research and analysis. The report also included with the visual analysis through questions and
answers.
Introduction
In the assignment visual atlas is present which holds the information about the species which are
in danger with their existence. The focus of the assignment is on the import and export trade of
ivory. In the assignment all the necessary information about the ivory is described, also the
number of the legal organization which have the rights for the trade. With the help of the Atlas
the information about the trade is explained according to different countries. The main aim of the
assignment is to analyze the actual data of legal and illegal trade of these endangered species.

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Endangered Species
The plant or the animal which is examined at the risk of the extinction such species are known as
endangered species. There are many laws which are proposed to protect such species by
prohibiting hunting, restrictions on the development of land or by developing the protected areas.
An endangered species can be listed on three different levels which are state, federal and
international level. In 1973 congress proposed the endangered species act, it was proposed under
federal government for protecting the species which are likely to extinct. When any species if it
is plant or animal get the protection by the ESA they are known as listed species. The
endangered species act is very essential because it is providing support to wildlife which is going
to be extinct (Frank, and Wilcove, 2019). If any one species get extinct it impact on the complete
ecosystem also it decreases quality of the life.

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Import and Export Trade of Endangered Species
The term import and export is defined for foreign trade in which goods and services are carried
out. When the selling of products or services is conducted from home country to other country
than the trade is known as Exporting while when the products or services are getting deliver to
home country from other country than it is known as Importing (Jensen, Auliya, Burgess, and
Aust, 2019) Basically the trade of import and export is categorized in two divisions which are:
i. Direct
ii. Indirect
There are many types of products are getting import or export including food, appliances,
automobiles, animals, plants etc. There are some regulations by the association which looks after
the import and export trade. One of the association entitled as CITES which can be defined as
convention on international trade in endangered species, this organization provides authority in
for the trade of any species which is likely to extinct (Gallo-Cajiao, Jackson, Mu, and Fuller,
2019).
The aim of the study is on Import and export trade on Ivory. It is the white hard material which is
obtained by the tusk or teeth of animals. Ivory from the elephant is most reliable and crucial
source but these can also be obtained from sperm whale, hippopotamus, mammoth, walrus, killer
whale, wart hog and narwhale. Trade of the ivory from African and Asian elephants is not legal
as they are threatened species. An Atlas is provided for the ivory trade in different countries
(Horn, Esslinger, Schaarschmidt, and Fauhl-Hassek, 2019).

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The above Atlas provides the information about the seizure of ivory which is illegally conducted
in different countries. The terms which are mentioned in the Atlas are defined below:
 Country of Departure: The place or the country from where the species is getting
deliver.
 Transit Country: It is that place from where the products or services are taken place.
 Destination Country: The place where the goods has to be delivered.
Import and Export Trade of Ivory in Africa
The population of African elephant was measured and it was found approximately to 1.3 million
in 1942 but later when it was counted in 1989 only 600000 were remained. The threat of the
Ivory trade was now getting visible on international level. Approximately 75000 African
elephants were killed throughout the decade and according to a research it was found that annual
trade of ivory is around 1 billion dollars. In the trade of Ivory 80% of the Elephants are getting
killed illegally. When it was found that this trade is now under control of illegal hands majorly

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than an undercover investigation team was formed which termed as Environmental Investigation
Agency (EIA), the role of the team was to identify the loop hole and the reason behind such
incidents, so they found that CITES was approving the legal documents of such traders (Bhat,
and Jõudu, 2019).
Trade in Asia
After Second World War in Japan 1960’s huge amount of raw Ivory get import. These ivories
were getting supplied to the tourists and businessmen of different countries. The countries which
were involved in the business were Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Indonesia;

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these Asian countries were majorly involved in the trade of ivory. Later in 2017 State council of
China announced that by the end of the year all the trade related to the ivory will get banned
permanently. In a study it was examined that together china and japan bought 108 tonnes of
ivory through South Africa Zimbawe, and Namibia (Nijman, Morcatty, Smith, and Atoussi,
2019)
Trade of Cycad
It is one of the oldest species of world in plants, basically it is a group of prehistoric-palm like
plants which are generally used for the landscape and now it is the species which is counted in
the endangered lists. The total numbers of species which are available in South Africa endemic
with Africa 70% species are under threat of extinction. According to the survey which was
conducted in year 2012 it was assumed that two of three genre of cycad is in the 50% risk of
extinction. Cycad is the plant which is consisting of three family and they are existed on earth
over 200 million years this is the time which is before from the era of dinosaurs.
The law which is proposed for the cycad varies in every state of throughout the United States.
These plants are getting used as food and in decorations due to their high demand their illegal
trade gets increased. Most of the species of the cycad is extinct and now only 347 of them are left
(Bergin, and Nijman, 2019).

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Reason of Trade of Endangered Species
Toda the world is going through a situation of illegal trade of endangered species it is becoming
the one of the big crimes. The reason behind of the business is that the body parts of the some
animal and some plants are so precious that they can be used as medicines and some of them are
used for the arms. The two major cause factor of the import and export trade are described below
(Sharma, Kumar, Sharma, Singh, Kumar, and Gupta, 2019):
Demand and Crime
It is the fact that for every crime first it is demanded and when an individual founds the task with
more profit than they began to conduct on regular basis. The products which are designed by the
horn of Rhinos they are high in demand across the world. As these horns have the ability to cure
cancer.

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Loop Holes in the protection
Now day’s corruption is present in every department in every segments by the help of which
criminals can easily communicate and develop their networks. The consequences are in front of
the world many of the species are near to extinction (Wong, 2019).
Impact of the Extinction
Every species on the earth has its own specific importance and role in the ecosystem. It is all
connected with each organism if it plant, animal or human being. Every species are
interconnected if any of the one species is under threat of extinction or their number start getting
reduced than its impact can be observed in the nature very clearly. The changes in the
environment, all the climatic changes, change in weather they are the reason because the
ecosystem is now disturbed completely. Increase in the rate of disasters which are increased
every year is also the reason due to disturbed chain of ecosystem (Nijman, 2019).
Conclusion
In the report the discussion is conducted upon the import and export trade of endangered species,
where the focus is on the trade of ivory and cycad. The research is conducted by the analysis of
the different journal articles and data obtained by the different organization which are working to
minimize the illegal trade. The report also hold the section in which atlas is provided, with the
help of atlas the countries which are highly involved in the trade are described. This report
concludes with the three different situations and with those situation the theory and
recommendation is explained.

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References
Frank, E.G. and Wilcove, D.S., 2019. Long delays in banning trade in threatened
species. Science, 363(6428), pp.686-688.
Jensen, T. J., Auliya, M., Burgess, N. D., Aust, P. W., Pertoldi, C., & Strand, J. (2019).
Exploring the international trade in African snakes not listed on CITES: highlighting the role of
the internet and social media. Biodiversity and conservation, 28(1), pp1-19.
Janssen, J. and Shepherd, C.R., 2019. Trade in endangered and critically endangered Japanese
Herpetofauna endemic to the Nansei Islands warrants increased protection. Current
Herpetology, 38(1), pp.99-109.
Gallo-Cajiao, E., Jackson, M.V., Mu, T. and Fuller, R.A., 2019. Highlights from international
meetings on migratory waterbird conservation in the Asia-Pacific. Oryx, 53(2), pp.211-212.
Horn, B., Esslinger, S., Schaarschmidt, S. and Fauhl-Hassek, C., 2019. The international
symposium “Standardisation of non-targeted methods for food authentication”, November 28–
29, 2016. Trends in Food Science & Technology.
Bhat, R. and Jõudu, I., 2019. Emerging issues and challenges in agri-food supply chain.
In Sustainable Food Supply Chains. Academic Press. pp. 23-37.
Nijman, V., Morcatty, T., Smith, J. H., Atoussi, S., Shepherd, C. R., Siriwat, P., ... & Bergin, D.
(2019). Illegal wildlife trade–surveying open animal markets and online platforms to understand
the poaching of wild cats. Biodiversity, 1-4.
Wong, R.W., 2019. The Illegal Wildlife Trade. In The Illegal Wildlife Trade in China. Palgrave
Macmillan, Cham. pp. 39-62
Bergin, D. and Nijman, V., 2019. An Assessment of Welfare Conditions in Wildlife Markets
across Morocco. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 22(3), pp.279-288.
Nijman, V., 2019. Wildlife trade, CITES and the protection of marine molluscs in
Indonesia. Molluscan Research, pp.1-10.
Sharma, C.P., Kumar, A., Sharma, V., Singh, B., Kumar, G.C. and Gupta, S.K., 2019. Online
selling of wildlife part with spurious name: a serious challenge for wildlife crime
enforcement. International journal of legal medicine, 133(1), pp.65-69.