Business Decision Making Report: Survey, Data, and Financial Tools

This report delves into business decision-making strategies, analyzing the impact of technological advancements and multi-channel shopping on the retail sector. It begins with a discussion of primary and secondary research, focusing on customer behavior and shopping trends. The report outlines the data collection plan, including survey methodology and sampling techniques, followed by the preparation of a questionnaire. Data interpretation involves analyzing survey responses, calculating descriptive statistics like mean, median, and mode, and interpreting the outcomes with respect to customer preferences and sales trends. The findings are represented in spreadsheets and graphs, including trend lines for sales and profit. Furthermore, the report explores information systems used in decision-making, identifies critical paths using network diagrams, and applies financial tools such as net present value and internal rate of return. The conclusion summarizes the key insights and findings of the research, providing a comprehensive overview of business decision-making processes.

BUSINESS DECISION
MAKING

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Determining plan for collecting data.....................................................................................3
1.2 Survey methodology and sampling frame............................................................................4
1.3 Preparing questionnaire for collecting data...........................................................................5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................7
2.1 Interpretation of data from survey.........................................................................................7
2.2 Interpretation and analysis of outcomes with context to conclusions...................................9
Theme 1.......................................................................................................................................9
Theme 2.......................................................................................................................................9
Theme 3.......................................................................................................................................9
2.3 Application of dispersion for data interpretation..................................................................9
2.4 Drafting conclusion by using quartile and percentile.........................................................10
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................11
3.1 Representing outcome of survey through spreadsheet........................................................11
3.2(b) Providing graph along with trend line of growth of sales and profit..............................13
3.3 Poster presentation..............................................................................................................14
3.4 Preparing formal report for Retail Times Magazines.........................................................14
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................15
4.1 Describing characteristics of various information system..................................................15
4.2 identifying critical path with context of network diagram..................................................17
4.3 Application of financial tools for decision making.............................................................18
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................20
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................21

INTRODUCTION
The present study is giving brief discussion about various business decision tactics and its
importance in current market. The present report is giving brief discussion about primary and
secondary research of reasons which are impacting on high street shops and malls due to
technological innovation and evolution phase of multi channel shopping. It is extracting issues
because of different reasons for change and platform for shopping has been used and its impact
because of socio economic. This topic has framed questionnaire for gathering data with
appropriate survey methodology and sampling frame. There is representation of arithmetic mean
mode and median of that specific response of survey and it has been analysed with appropriate
conclusions. In this report findings are represented in spreadsheet and it has been elaborated in
graphic format. There is presentation of trend line of minimum period of 3 year of Debenhames
Plc. In the last task, some information system which are used for process of decision making
with their essential features in context of business. Further it has mention network diagram by
assessing its critical path and various financial tools used for decision making such as net present
value and internal rate of return.
TASK 1
1.1 Determining plan for collecting data
There are various concepts in context of advancement of technology and its innovation
which are pertaining to retail sector. The business environment consists of different alterations of
trend line for accomplishing goals and they are replicated as a competitive element in nature.
Subject: To identify consequences due to innovation in technology and multi-channel
shopping on the basis of various customers and sales.
This specified research paper will be reflecting issues related to our subject as it has basic
requirement of secondary and primary data with perspective of researcher.
Primary data: It consists of information which is extracted from focus group, survey,
observation, etc. which will be having its applicability for attaining the specific subject of this
research. The extracted information which is very appropriate and suitable will be giving effects
in huge proportion to its outcomes. In this research, there is requirement of information in
context of shopping habits and customer preference for accomplishing objective and for

recording the changes (Hajdu, 2013). In this specific retail sector, survey technique will be used.
One of the best measures in context of high street malls and shops is referred as purposive
sampling and it will be taking sample of 30 managers. After the appropriate selection of
technique, it will move towards next step which is drafting questionnaire of both types of
questions i.e. open ended and close ended and it will be directly linked to shopping habits and
alterations in same context. The questionnaire which is drafted will be given to those managers
(30) and persons who have direct link to our objective of specific research. The extracted data
will be directly linked to plan and most of the information will be gathered from scholar and
from authenticate resources.
Secondary data: It consists of data which is already published, interpreted, classified and
analysis performed by other researcher. There are various issues and their solutions are extracted
from journals, articles, scholarly papers and journals. It includes the full disclosure of data and
trend of multi-channel shopping as it is providing significance level of every customer which
will be according to the latest information about data of customers in context of shopping from
retail outlet and trends which is followed. Internet is referred as one of the best and possible
ways for collecting information in context of past behaviour of customer and shopping trend.
1.2 Survey methodology and sampling frame
Survey Methodology: It is referred as the most important stage which cannot be avoided
by any manager as this gives specific justification of performance in an efficient aspect. For
performing research, specific time period is chosen and it lays special focus on choosing the
method for applying it accordingly (Rosqvist and Hiselius, 2016). The consequences of
technological innovation on sales and customer base of retail outlet are highlighted in this and
responses will be recorded according to malls from manager of company which is through online
survey. The main aspect of implying this online survey methodology is that it helps in saving
time and its outcome are very efficient.
Sampling Frame: It should be chosen in context of topic of survey and selection of
sample should be in same manner. The application of sampling should be according to
probabilistic and non-probabilistic technique. The sample should be selected in context of aim
and subject or research in non-probabilistic technique and on its contrary, probabilistic technique
selects all the individuals whosoever is linked with research as sample. The present research is
performed by adopting technique of purposive sampling by choosing 30 managers who are

giving possibilities for perfect match for qualitative type of research and its recommendations
will be directly based on solutions of mentioned issue.
1.3 Preparing questionnaire for collecting data
While preparing questions in context of survey should be very indicative in nature as it
must provide efficient outcomes. The questions must be linked to basic subject of this research as
it consists of both close and open ended questions (Daigle, 2016).
Demographic information
Name:
Gender:
 Male
 Female
 Others
Profession:
 Undergraduate
 Graduate
 Post graduate or masters
 Ph.D.
Age
 18 – 30
 31 – 60
 60 and above
Annual income
 < 100000
 between 100001 to 250000
 between 250001 to 500000
 > 500000
1. Does shopping habits of customer changes with time?
 Yes
 No
2. How much you agree that there is decrease in sales trend of revenue with perspective of

retail products and services?
 Strongly agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree
3. Do you agree that online stores are given with more preference than physical high street
shops and malls?
 Yes
 No
4. How often annual income gives impact on shopping habits of customers?
 Very often
 Often
 Sometimes
 Rarely
 Never
5. Which factor is considered as the most essential for changing shopping habits?
 Discount
 Comparison
 Convenience
6. Do you think trend of working women gives important factor for changing shopping
habits while shopping?
 Yes
 No
7. Select the range which you will spend on online purchase for per year.
 < 10 pounds
 between 11 to 30 pounds
 between 31 to 50 pounds
 between 51 to 70 pounds
 > 70 pounds
8. Give some suggestions for increasing performance of sales and to increase customer

base?
........................................................................
........................................................................
TASK 2
2.1 Interpretation of data from survey
Respondents Question 2 Question 3 Question 5
1 1 1 3
2 2 1 2
3 1 2 1
4 4 2 3
5 1 1 2
6 2 1 2
7 3 2 3
8 1 1 3
9 2 2 3
10 4 1 3
11 1 2 3
12 1 2 3
13 1 1 1
14 3 2 3
15 2 2 2
16 1 1 3
17 5 2 1
18 3 2 3
19 2 1 3
20 1 2 2
21 5 1 3
22 3 1 1
23 2 1 3

24 1 1 1
25 5 2 1
26 3 2 3
27 1 1 1
28 2 1 1
29 1 1 3
30 1 1 3
Theme 1 Theme 2 Theme 3
Mean 2.1666666667 1.4333333333 2.3
Standard Error 0.2448707533 0.0920186554 0.1601005431
Median 2 1 3
Mode 1 1 3
Range 4 1 2
Minimum 1 1 1
Maximum 5 2 3
Sum 65 43 69
Count 30 30 30
Interpretation: The above table is depicting descriptive analysis of 30 managers who
were selected as sample of whole population about the research subject. The analysis which is
presented by selecting some important question of the whole scenario which are giving huge
impact (Gallo, 2016). The behaviour pattern has been traced by highlighting the important
insights of customer towards shopping in physical store. The specific subject of research can be
briefly viewed by question 2, 3 and 5 which are replicated above by theme 1, 2 and 3
respectively. Theme 1 is depicting about declining trend of sales revenue because of retail
products and services. By evaluating mean of every individual who are leaning towards different
statement of revenue decline is represented annually. Theme 2 is depicting about preference of
online stores over retail outlets whose mean is 1.43 which means high preference towards online

stores as compared to retail outlets. In the same series theme 4 is interpreting most important
concept of this study as relevance of most important factor whose mean is replicated as 2.3 as it
has identified the preference fluctuations that is given inconvenience and followed by discount
and then comparison.
2.2 Interpretation and analysis of outcomes with context to conclusions
Theme 1
Interpretation: The outcome of survey is giving indication that 43.33% and 23.33%
people agree that there is decline in sales of high street malls and shops because of innovation of
various technological advancements in retail sector. 16.67% disagree that it is not reducing as
technology is not impacting it as they are blaming economic condition. The retail sector has been
changed by entering of online websites in shopping which is drawing negative aspect in
performance of organization.
Theme 2
Interpretation: it is reflecting outcome of question 3 as it is depicting clear view that
majority people are giving more preference to online websites for purchasing products and
services instead of physical high street malls and shops. But on its contrary 43 percent population
disagree with preference of online store due to lack of trust, loyalty and sensuality of products
and services.
Theme 3
Interpretation: This theme refereed as backbone question of survey, as it is directly
emphasizing factor for huge preference to online stores. There is presence of 57% who prefers
online stores due to convenience factor as in the present era people have very complex working
schedule so for more comfort zone they prefer this. There are 27% people who buys goods and
service because of discount as there are very rational people and 17% person has objective of
creating comparison about their services and products.
2.3 Application of dispersion for data interpretation
Standard deviation: It is referred as statistic which measures data set's dispersion in
context to mean and it comes to square root of respective variance. If there is presence of huge
spread from data points to mean then there are huge deviation in that specific data set and thus
more spread out of that data then standard deviation is higher. It specifies range in huge and less
volume.

Variance: It is replicated as one of the most essential statistic measure for quantifying
difference of various observations in context of each other. In simple words it is defined as
deviation of actual expense from amount which is budgeted and forecasted (Gong and et. al.,
2018).
Result of variance and standard deviation
Theme 1 Theme 2 Theme 3
Standard Deviation 1.3412 0.5040 0.8769
Sample Variance 1.7989 0.2540 0.7690
Kurtosis -0.1593 -2.0621 -1.4025
Skewness 0.9613 0.2834 -0.6509
Interpretation: The standard deviation of all three themes are taken as priority and there
outcome has been interpreted as mean of theme 1 and theme 3 and its standard deviation has
huge spread so there is decrease in sales trend of revenue with perspective of retail products and
services. Theme 2 has huge spread so mean value is farther away from data set.
2.4 Drafting conclusion by using quartile and percentile
Quartile: It is referred as one of type of quantile, usually it divides whole data into three
points as lower quartile, median and upper quartile. Usually it is used for setting outliers of data
set.
Percentile:Generally it is used in statistics for measuring the value which is below
specific percentage of observations in that particular group.
Particulars Theme 1 Theme 2 Theme 3
Quartile 1 and 25th percentile 1 1 1.25
Quartile 2 and 50th percentile 2 1 3
Quartile 3 and 75th percentile 3 2 3
Interpretation: It is replicating quartile and percentile which is giving its outcome and it
can be elaborated as while consuming goods and services they get more influenced by
convenience factor so its major recommendation is in specific sense that product line and its
design should be unique and developed related to customer preference and they must locate
physical outlets near residential area (García-Peñalvo and Conde, 2014).

TASK 3
3.1 Representing outcome of survey through spreadsheet
Theme 1
Serial number Particulars Figure Percentage
1 Strongly agree 13 43.33%
2 Agree 7 23.33%
3 Neutral 5 16.67%
4 Disagree 2 6.67%
5 Strongly disagree 3 10.00%
Total respondents 30 100.00%
Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 13
7
5
2
3
43.33% 23.33% 16.67% 6.67% 10.00%
Figure
Percentage
Theme 2
Serial number Particulars Figure Percentage
1 Yes 17 56.67%
2 No 13 43.33%
Total respondents 30 100.00%

Yes No
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18 17
13
56.67% 43.33%
Figure
Percentage
Theme 3
Serial number Particulars Figure Percentage
1 Discount 8 26.67%
2 Comparison 5 16.67%
3 Convenience 17 56.67%
Total respondents 30 100.00%
Discount Comparison Convenience
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
8
5
17
26.67% 16.67% 56.67%

Figure
Percentage
3.2(b) Providing graph along with trend line of growth of sales and profit
The brief analysis has been done by observing sales and profit of Debenhams which has
been incurred by different operation. The analysis has been performed by framing trend line and
bar graph. There are sudden fluctuations in sales and profit which are directly viewed below. The
data is extracted from secondary sources as from annual report of Debenhams Plc. The specific
time period has been observed such as 2017 – 2017 (Şen, 2017).
Year Sales (GBP) Cost (GBP) Profit (GBP)
2014 2312700 2033400 279300
2015 2322700 2023500 299200
2016 2341700 2039800 301900
2017 2335000 2046100 288900
2014 2015 2016 2017
2295000
2300000
2305000
2310000
2315000
2320000
2325000
2330000
2335000
2340000
2345000
Illustration 1: Sales of Debenhams
S ales (G B P )
Interpretation: The trend line has been represented in above picture of sales of four
consecutive year such as 2014 – 2017. The variation between sales of 2014 and 2017 has huge
spread which involves so much of ups and down and usually all was because of operations. In
2014 there was deficiency of operations and poor internal control and marketing. From year
2014 to 2016 it had taken drastic change in managing its operations and marketing policy. But

due to some internal problems and competitors sales of 2017 got decreased so it must keep watch
on there policies (Debenhams Plc, 2018).
2014 2015 2016 2017
265000
270000
275000
280000
285000
290000
295000
300000
305000
Illustration 1: Profit of Debenhams
P rofit (G B P )
Interpretation: The above trend line is depicting profit of Debenhames Plc. Of time span
of 2014 – 2017. The best year of this organization was 2016 in terms of profit. In 2014 it was not
able to generate sales so it did not work on concept of margin as well. There was problem of
managing its operations and lack of efficiency. While in 2015 it started managing its operations
in very effective manner which has given sudden and drastic change in sales and profit as well
and in 2016 it has put more efforts so there was stable increment but in 2017 it remained
complacent which had given directly impact on their financials which can be easily observed in
both context such as sales and profit (Dhavale and Sarkis, 2018).
3.3 Poster presentation

Trend Line
2014 2015 2016 2017
2295000
2300000
2305000
2310000
2315000
2320000
2325000
2330000
2335000
2340000
2345000
Business Decision Making: 3.3
Theme 1 Interpretation: The outcome of survey is giving indication that 43.33% and 23.33%
people agree that there is decline in sales of high street malls and shops because of innovation of
various technological advancements in retail sector. 16.67% disagree that it is not reducing as
technology is not impacting it as they are blaming economic condition. The retail sector has been
changed by entering of online websites in shopping which is drawing negative aspect in
performance of organization.
Theme 2 Interpretation: it is reflecting outcome of question 3 as it is depicting clear view that
majority people are giving more preference to online websites for purchasing products and
services instead of physical high street malls and shops. But on its contrary 43 percent population
disagree with preference of online store due to lack of trust, loyalty and sensuality of products and
services.
Theme 3Interpretation: This theme refereed as backbone question of survey, as it is directly
emphasizing factor for huge preference to online stores. There is presence of 57% who prefers
online stores due to convenience factor as in the present era people have very complex working
schedule so for more comfort zone they prefer this. There are 27% people who buys goods and
service because of discount as there are very rational people and 17% person has objective of
Theme 3: Which factor is considered as the most
essential for changing shopping habits?
Theme 2: Do you agree that online stores are given with more
preference than physical high street shops and malls?
Theme 1: How much you agree that there is
decrease in sales trend of revenue with perspective
of retail products and services?

3.4 Preparing formal report for Retail Times Magazines
To: Retail Times Magazine
The operation of business are reflected via transforming them into gain to organization.
The special emphasis has been put upon purchasing products through online rather than buying
from physical outlet. The factor convenience is main reason for this preference as in present
scenario, all have busy work schedule. The operations of retail segment has been set with
requirement of consumer and some particular goods and services must be identified for this
purpose. In the present era, consumers are giving more attention to customised goods and
services, it has been observed by the outcomes of survey. By tracking the result of survey it has
different alterations in context of operations related to that specific activity. The questionnaire
helps in identifying various issues and especially the change has been recorded such as trend
declination of sales revenue, online preference is higher than physical stores and 56%
population is giving special emphasis on level of convenience. The main aspect has been stated
which is regarding purchases and price fluctuations.
TASK 4
4.1 Describing characteristics of various information system
Transaction Process System: It is also referred as real time processing as it is generally
used at operational level. It is type of information system which manages data created in daily
operations. It consists of processing, formatting, storing, creating and retrieving some new
aggregate data. It is a style for computing which divides work of into separate individual and
operations which are indivisible known as transactions. It is a server system which combine
software and hardware which supports processing of every transaction. For processing daily
transactions of business this information system is designed. It takes time but very cost efficient
by repeating operations in huge volume (Stine and Foster, 2017). It interfaces with other
information system in organization like EIS, DSS and IRS. Usually it had centred in every
transaction of accounting and finance (Wan and et. al., 2014).
The main aim of TPS is to generate processed data about every transaction as it maintains
very high degree of accuracy. The data has been ensured with information accuracy and

integrity. It helps in preparing documents and reports in perfect time. It helps in increasing
labour efficiency and gives service in very enhanced manner. For accomplishing competitive
advantage customer loyalty has been build and maintained. In the series of characteristics it is
used for processing huge amount of data. Usually sources of data is internal and results are
gained for internal members. The processing of information can be on monthly, weekly or even
daily basis as well. There is requirement of high processing speed because of huge volume. The
past data is gathered and monitored as input and out data is well standardised. The complexity of
low computation is an evident in this information system. There is requirement of high level of
accuracy, security and data integration along with high reliability and one component is very
compulsory such as inquiry processing.
Management information system: It is set of system which is used for taking better
decisions by giving all the essential information to managers. It helps in giving information with
context of different issues for improving quality of decision making for management. The
information which is extracted is very accurate and fast which is supplied by MIS and quicker
decisions are undertaken by increasing level of quality in decision making which added to
bottom line of organization. Generally it is used by mangers for conducting task with great ease
and efficiency as it will directly reflect in productivity of organization. The most essential
contribution to company is that it provides better connectivity with rest of company (Crosby,
Devaney and Wyatt, 2018).
Its characteristics are generic in nature as it is drafted in top down approach as it can be
signified in requirements by management at various level of information. It gives special
emphasis on satisfying information requirement of management. The designing process of MIS
involves whole management as it has involvement and continuously reviewed and updated for
developing good qualitative system. It helps in decreasing gap between various expectations of
management which creates actual system. It is indicated as integrated system which is directly
incorporated with several functional and operational activities of management. It is one of the
most essential feature and requirement for qualifying as MIS. The reason behind integrated
system that whole information is in managerial context for decision making which might be
required for other areas of management within the organisation. It gives whole picture of
scenario or full information which can be only provided by integrated system.

Decision support system: It is replicated as information system which helps the whole
management for taking decision. It is an intelligence system which gives direction to
management for taking decision in context of solving all unstructured problems. As this system
is generally used by managerial level which can be easily designed and adopted for improving to
take ideas in process of decision making. It has its huge importance for management due to its no
programming which will be helping every manager for learning new techniques and style. The
manager uses this information for analysing risk which is involved in this and it will be and
major factor for deciding the excellent model for solving issues in decision making process.
This support system incorporate both models and data as well. Generally it is designed
for assisting managers in process of decision of semi structured and unstructured task. It supports
managerial judgement instead of replacing it as it increases effectiveness but not the level of
efficiency. It has ability for finding solutions of very complex problems which cannot be easily
solved by any other computerized approaches. Usually it performs quantitative analysis in very
short time (Decision support system, 2018).

4.2 identifying critical path with context of network diagram
Justifying duration of critical path

Path: 1 – 4 – 5 – 7 – 9 – 10
Duration (Days): 8+6+4+4+8+1 = 31 days
The is giving brief representation of critical path with its specified duration in very best
possibility and it has ability for distributing books in 31 days. As if there is any difficulty while
performing this network which will lead to skip of activity or delayed then whole network will
be affected which will be affecting in negative manner. So network diagram should be followed
in very appropriate manner for accomplishing its goals and objectives.
4.3 Application of financial tools for decision making
Net present value: It is refereed as present value of expected cash flow investment with
its difference from cost of acquiring investments. Generally it has its applicability for analysing
decision regarding investment which will be depicting clear picture about valuation of new
investment. If the investment is giving positive outcome then it will add value to organization
along with benefiting shareholders and if it is negative than vice versa (Net present value, 2018).
Interpretation: The above table is giving clear view of its cash flow with its discounting
factor that is 10%. According to its initial capital and discounted cash flow is giving outcome of
7708.83 which is positive so it can be interpreted as investment is accepted with additional value.
Internal Rate of return: It is replicated as discount rate which will be making net
present value of any specific project as zero. In simple words it can be elaborate as expected rate
of return which will be earned in context of any project or investment. It is used by many

organizations on different projects for raising their revenue or to cut down costs. Any start up has
necessity of investing in product which is developed for accomplishing its goals.
Interpretation: The above table is depicting Internal rate of return with proper analysis
that is giving 35% return which has it's directly association with specified investment plan and it
is incurring advantage so it must be accepted (Bohler, Krishnamoorthy and Larson, 2017).
CONCLUSION
From the above report it can be concluded that decision making is very important concept
in business. It had shown importance of primary and secondary data in any research title and in
this report it had framed its reflection on multichannel shopping for high street malls. The
questionnaire has given huge impact in finding issues so it can be directly evaluated and
corrected as soon as possible. It has shown significance of various graphs, trend lines in giving
its interpretation by using spreadsheets. Further it has discussed the evaluation by finding mean,
mode and median which has given the best possible outcome. For understanding of growth and
trend line, sales and cost of Debenhames Plc. has been recorded and interpreted. It had shown
relevance of different information system such as transactional processing, Management
information and decision support making in context of taking decision even at managerial level.
All the information system are highly recommendable at every level of management as they will
be tracking progress of finding of project along with analysing critical path and implementation
of different investment appraisal techniques.

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ONLINE
Debenhams Plc. 2018. [Online]. Available through
:<https://uk.finance.yahoo.com/quote/DEB.L/financials?p=DEB.L>.
Decision support system. 2018. [Online]. Available through
:<https://www.scdlpune.com/decision-support-system.html>.
Net present value. 2018. [Online]. Available through
:<https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/valuation/net-present-value-
npv/>.