This essay provides a comprehensive overview of business decision-making, focusing on the application of financial analysis tools and the consideration of various factors influencing managerial choices. The essay begins with an introduction to the decision-making process and then delves into the concepts of Net Present Value (NPV) and payback period, illustrating their application through case studies of investment projects. The report calculates and compares the NPV and payback periods for two projects, Project A and Project B, highlighting the significance of these metrics in assessing project profitability and investment viability. The essay further explores financial factors like liquidity and tax regulations, explaining their impact on business decisions and overall financial health. Non-financial factors, such as customer behavior and competitor analysis, are also discussed to emphasize their importance in strategic decision-making. The essay concludes by summarizing the key points, reinforcing the importance of a holistic approach to business decision-making that considers both financial and non-financial aspects.