This essay delves into the realm of business decision-making, providing a comprehensive overview of key concepts and methodologies. It begins by introducing the core principles of business decision-making, setting the stage for an in-depth analysis of net present value (NPV) and payback period. The essay demonstrates the application of these financial tools through the evaluation of two hypothetical projects, Project A and Project B, providing detailed calculations and interpretations of their respective NPVs and payback periods. Furthermore, the report explores the influence of both financial and non-financial factors on business decisions, examining the impact of liquidity, taxation, and competitive strategies. The conclusion synthesizes the key findings, highlighting the importance of informed decision-making for business success, and the essay concludes with a list of relevant references to support the analysis.