This essay delves into the critical realm of business decision-making, a cornerstone of effective management. It explores essential methodologies such as the Net Present Value (NPV) method and Payback Period analysis, demonstrating their application in evaluating investment projects. The essay provides detailed calculations and comparisons of two projects, analyzing their viability based on these methods. Furthermore, it examines the financial factors influencing business decisions, including Return on Investment (ROI) and cost-benefit analysis, alongside non-financial elements such as market trends, competitive landscapes, and the impact of human capital. The analysis highlights the importance of considering both quantitative and qualitative aspects to make informed and strategic choices that drive organizational success. The essay concludes by emphasizing the significance of sound decision-making in achieving corporate goals and maintaining operational efficiency.