Business Economics Report: Economic Analysis of UK and Global Markets

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the UK and global economies, focusing on the automotive and technology sectors. It examines opportunities and threats in both markets, including the impact of Brexit. The report delves into Rolls-Royce Holdings, analyzing its investment portfolio, demand and supply dynamics, and the potential impact of Brexit on its business strategy. It includes an industry analysis of the automotive sector, comparing Rolls-Royce with competitors like Bentley. The report applies the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) to evaluate the investment potential of Rolls-Royce, concluding with a recommendation on whether to invest in the company. It also discusses global economic factors like trade prices, foreign direct investment, and the role of G20. The report suggests that an investment of £3-8 million on Rolls-Royce Holdings is not recommended due to significantly lower rate of return as per the market depiction of last five years.

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Executive Summary
The report aims to analyse the different types of the aspects which has been taken into
consideration with the overall economy of U.K. The report has been further able to consider the
different types of the aspects for the global economy. The various considerations for the report
have been also able to depict the industry analysis of automobile sector. Some of the various
types of the other consideration of the report have been seen with the use of technological based
industry in U.K. The investment portfolio has been further seen to be based on the various types
of the consideration taken with the rationale of demand and supply being elastic or inelastic. The
latter section of the report has been further included a recommendation precisely stating that
whether it is worth to invest a £3-8 million on the selected company. The global opportunities
have been evident with increasing trade prices and larger amount of FDI in 2010 in international
foreign direct investment and international trade has been seen to be associated to the various
types of the depiction which has been further considered with the strengthening of financial
control and risk management strategies. The various types of the global threats have been further
seen to be discerned in terms of global macroeconomic policy caught in dilemma and increased
form of the requirement of the proportion of the capital. The opportunities in the UK economy
have been further discerned in terms of emerging in nature of non-EU markets and significantly
faster growth for the foreseeable future. UK markets will be further able to set its own tariff for
better protection in global economy. As per the application of CAPM it can be discerned that the
investment of £3-8 million on Rolls-Royce Holdings is not recommended due to significantly
lower rate of return as per the market depiction of last five years. If the same amount of money is
invested in government bond of U.K. or UK Gilt for a total period of 10 year then an investor
will be able to earn returns as per the risk free rate of 1.34% as against the stock of Rolls-Royce
Holdings which is only 1.224%.

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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Analysis of the global economy and UK Economy.........................................................................4
Global economy...........................................................................................................................4
UK Economy...............................................................................................................................5
Large vertical market.......................................................................................................................5
Industry analysis..............................................................................................................................6
Investment portfolio.........................................................................................................................7
Asserting the nature of Demand and Supply...............................................................................7
Effect of Brexit in the Business.......................................................................................................8
Strategy will be impacted by Brexit................................................................................................8
Importing from EU countries...........................................................................................................9
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................9
Recommendation...........................................................................................................................10
References......................................................................................................................................12
List of Appendix............................................................................................................................14

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Introduction
Rolls-Royce Holdings plc is identified as a British multinational public limited company
which has been incorporated in the year 2011. The main business was seen to be initiated in the
year 1904. The primary operations of the company have been further seen to be related to
manufacturing power distribution systems for aviation and second largest in terms of the aircraft
engines in the energy sectors and marine propulsion. As per the main depictions of the company
it has been further identified that the company has been 16th largest in terms of the defence
contractor in 2011 and 2012. The main listing of the company has been further seen to be based
in terms of London Stock Exchange listing.
The study has been seen to analysis the different types of the aspects which has been
taken into consideration with the overall economy of U.K. The report has been further able to
consider the different types of the aspects for the global economy. The various considerations for
the report have been also able to depict the industry analsysis of automobile sector. Some of the
various types of the other consideration of the report have been seen with the use of
technological based industry in U.K. The investment portfolio has been further seen to be based
on the various types of the consideration taken with the rationale of demand and supply being
elastic or inelastic. The latter section of the report has been further included a recommendation
precisely stating that whether it is worth to invest a £3-8 million on the selected company (Alston
and Pardey, 2014).

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Analysis of the global economy and UK Economy
Global economy
Opportunities
 The present standings of the world economy have been able to get rid of the various types
of the negative impact of the global financial crisis. Therefore, the emerging economies
have been able to be considered as the centre of the global economic development.
 The international foreign direct investment and international trade has been seen to be
associated to the various types of the depiction which has been considered with the
increasing trade prices and larger amount of FDI in 2010 (Arvis et al., 2016).
 The different types of the financial control and risk management strategies has been seen
to be strengthened (Goel and Saunoris, 2014).
 The G20 platform has been identified to become an significant platform for International
economy cooperation (EdinburghGroup, 2014).
Threats
 Based on the present analysis US dollar is dominated with the various types of the
international monetary system which has led to several instance of global imbalance
instances
 The increased form of the requirement of the proportion of the capital has been further
seen to be based on the several type the consideration which has been able to state on the
significant aspects on the commercial banks which will be able to affect the world
economy (Seabrooke and Wigan, 2014)

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 The world trade protectionism has been seen to impede on the free movement of the
goods in the development of the economic globalization (WRAP, 2015).
UK Economy
Opportunities
 The non-EU markets are discerned to be emerging in nature and significantly faster
growth for the foreseeable future.
 U.K. votes will be further considered as per the different types of the consideration for
trade deals with the main non-EU markets (WRAP, 2015)
 UK markets will be further able to set its own tariff for better protection in global
economy (Gibbs and O’Neill, 2015)
Threats
 The decision of UK to remain in the EU has been seen to be identified as the main form
of the threat (Tyler, 2017)
 The favouring of the removal of the social and the employment regulation has been
further seen to be considered with removing of the employment protection in the country
Large vertical market
Competition
Some of the main competition of the company has been identified with “GE Aviation
Systems LLC, SAFRAN and Pratt & Whitney Engine Services Inc.
Major Customer

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“Singapore Airlines (SIA)” is considered as one of the key customer of Rolls Royce.
Other important regional customers have been seen with “Malaysian Airlines, for its A380 fleet,
powered by Rolls-Royce Trent 900 engines and supported by TotalCare services’. Some of the
other customers of the company has been further discerned with “Republic of Singapore Air
Force (RSAF)”. The company has been further discerned with significant Marine presence in
Singapore along with carrying out the sales and after market activities for the vessel design.
Rolls Royce has been further seen with customers such as “ExxonMobil and Petronas in
Malaysia”.
Comparison with another PE firm
The comparison of the Rolls Royce with Bentley has shown that due to higher price of
the models Rolls Royce is having lesser sale of units in compared to Bentley in 2016. It has been
further discerned that Rolls Royce has been able to sell 4011 cars delivered to the customers.
Bentley has been further able to sell 11,023 cars in 2016.
Industry analysis
The automotive sector in UK has been seen to be best known for the inclusion of
premium sports car including Jaguar, Lagonda, Land Rover, Mini, Morgan and Rolls-Royce. It
has been further considered that the various types of the consideration for the automotive
manufacturing sector has been able to include the different type of the turnover of £52.5 billion
and generated as per £26.6 billion of exports and produced with a total number of customer base
of 1.45 million passengers with production of more than 203000 commercial vehicles (Drezner
and McNamara, 2013). The major centre for the manufacturing aspect of the company has been
further seen to be based on the various types of the important consideration including major

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manufacturing sector in 2008 and 3.16 million engines. In addition to this, U.K. is seen to be
having a significant position in the auto racing and the UK motorsport industry, consisting of a
total of 38500 people and including a total of 4500 companies (Chowla, Quaglietti and Rachel,
2014).
Investment portfolio
It has been discerned that the revenue of the company before taxation in 2016 has been
£14955m and £113725m. The net loss before taxation has been further seen as £ 160m in 2015.
The potential scope for reducing the cost has been discerned with Warren East, chief executive
of Rolls-Royce. He has declared to cut down the total cost by £1bn, in addition to this also
proposed to barely pass break even in the first half of 2016. The scope of increasing EBITDA
has been discerned with strategy to abandon the strategy of diversification.
Asserting the nature of Demand and Supply
It has been seen that the in the year 2016, Rolls Royce revised its price from $ 1240000
to $ 1209000. The main rationale for the decrease in the price has been seen with elastic nature
of demand. Due the Brexit, there was a significant decrease in the Rolls Royce cars. However,
the company was able to increase the sales in the same year. It has been further seen to be
discerned that the of Rolls Royce has been further seen to be based on Elastic supply. This has
been seen with the main reason for the increase in the supply of Rolls Royce cars in the same
year.
The investment portfolio has been taken into consideration based on the application of
“Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)”. The adoption of this model has been able to be
considered with the inclusion of the various types of the factors which has been seen to be

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associated to the value of the portfolio. Some of the important aspect has been further seen to be
based on the evaluation as per the expected market return of Rolls Royce Holdings and required
rate of return. The main formula for depicting the rate of return of the Rolls Royce Holdings has
been seen with
βa 0.123
Risk Free Rate (Rf) 1.34%
Expected market return of
Rolls-Royce Holdings
(Rm1) 0.39%
Required rate of return 1.224%
Effect of Brexit in the Business
Rolls Royce has called for "as little change as possible" which can be made to reduce the
impact except for the European Union. The company has been further able to include good
amount of profit excluding the sterling’s decline and the SFO penalty.

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Strategy will be impacted by Brexit
Rolls Royce has been trying to overhaul the engine maker by replacing the chief
executive of the company. The main form of the inherited for the long term success of the
company has been seen with the cutting down of the underlying profit which has been seen with
the cutting down of the dividend with the payout of the shareholders for the first time in the
decade and cutting down of the dividend payout.
Importing from EU countries
Importing from the EU countries has been further seen to be considered with the to be
risky venture especially with Rolls-Royce and the wider BMW Group which may adversely
affect Brexit. The free trade is seen to be important internationally with the import of Rolls-
Royce Motor Cars. The significant increase in the tariff barrier has been identified with higher
amount of cost along with higher prices for Rolls Royce.
Conclusion
As per the industry analysis it has been discerned that automotive sector in UK has been
seen to be best known for the inclusion of premium sports car including Jaguar, Lagonda, Land
Rover, Mini, Morgan and Rolls-Royce. It has been further considered that the various types of
the consideration for the automotive manufacturing sector has been able to include the different
type of the turnover of £52.5 billion and generated as per £26.6 billion of exports and produced
with a total number of customer base of 1.45 million passengers. The various types of the global
opportunities have been identified with increasing trade prices and larger amount of FDI in 2010
in international foreign direct investment and international trade has been seen to be associated to
the various types of the depiction which has been further considered with the strengthening of

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financial control and risk management strategies. In addition to this, the G20 platform has been
identified to become a significant platform for International economy cooperation. The various
types of the global threats has been further seen to be discerned in terms of global
macroeconomic policy has been seen to be caught in dilemma and increased form of the
requirement of the proportion of the capital has been further seen to be based on the several type
the consideration which has been able to state on the significant aspects on the commercial banks
which will be able to affect the world economy. The investment portfolio has been taken into
consideration based on the application of “Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)” and as per the
assessment UK government bond will allow the investor to earn an excess risk free yield of
0.116% over a period of 10 years. Henceforth, the investment of £3-8 million on Rolls-Royce
Holdings is not recommended due to significantly lower rate of return of 1.224% as per the
market depiction of last five years.
Recommendation
The different recommendations for the company have been based on the main rationale
whether to invest £3-8 million on Rolls-Royce Holdings. The various types of the other depiction
of the study has been further able to provide the main rational which has been related with the
present analysis of global and economy in U.K.. This has been further seen to be based on the
various types of the analysis as per the Investment portfolio plan prepared with the CAPM
model. In order to find the required rate of return and the total stock of Rolls-Royce Holdings has
been evaluated with the closing price of London stock exchange for tenure of five years taken on
monthly basis. As per the applied technique it can be discerned that the investment of £3-8
million on Rolls-Royce Holdings is not recommended due to significantly lower rate of return as
per the market depiction of last five years. If the same amount of money is invested in

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government bond of U.K. or UK Gilt for a total period of 10 years then an investor will be able
to earn returns as per the risk free rate of 1.34% as against the stock of Rolls-Royce Holdings
which is only 1.224%. Henceforth, the investment in UK government bond will allow the
investor to earn an excess yield of 0.116% over a period of 10 years. It has been further
discerned that due to several types of existing threats in the economy of UK such as decision of
UK to remain in the EU and favouring of the removal of the social and the employment
regulation has been further seen to be considered with removing of the employment protection in
the country will pose significant amount of risk to the investor with the investment in shares.