This report delves into the intricacies of business operations and environment, examining diverse organizational types including private, public, and voluntary sectors. It explores the interrelationships between various organizational functions such as finance, human resources, sales and marketing, production, and supply chain, and their connection to organizational structure. The report utilizes Marks and Spencer as a case study to demonstrate both positive and negative impacts of the macro environment, employing PESTLE analysis to assess political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors. Furthermore, it analyzes the internal and external factors influencing the organization, including its strengths, weaknesses, and their interaction with the external environment. The report concludes with a comprehensive overview of the findings and their implications for business strategy.