Business Environment Analysis: Sainsbury and Organisational Functions

This report provides a detailed analysis of the business environment, focusing on Sainsbury PLC. It begins by defining the business environment and its impact on operations, discussing different types of organisations, their purposes, and legal structures, with examples including Sainsbury, the Child Support Agency, and Oxfam. The report then explores the size and scope of these organisations, examining their vision, mission, objectives, products, services, organisational structures, and stakeholders. Task 2 delves into the relationships between organisational functions, structure, and objectives, while Task 3 utilises PESTEL analysis to assess the macro-environment's influence on business operations. Finally, Task 4 undertakes internal and external analyses of Sainsbury, identifying its strengths, weaknesses, and the interplay with external factors. The report concludes with a synthesis of the findings, offering a comprehensive overview of Sainsbury's business environment and organisational dynamics.

Business and Business
Environment

Table of Contents
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Different types of organisation with their purpose and legal structure .................................1
P2 Size and scope of different types of organisation. ................................................................4
Task 2 ..............................................................................................................................................7
P3 Relationship between different organisational functions and how they link to
organisational structure and objective.........................................................................................7
TASK 3 ........................................................................................................................................9
P4 Positive and negative impact of macro environment upon business operations ...................9
PESTEL Analysis .......................................................................................................................1
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................3
P5 Internal and external analysis of Sainsbury in order to identify strength and weakness. .....3
P6 Strength and weaknesses interrelate with external macro factors. .......................................5
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
References ......................................................................................................................................7
.........................................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
Business Environment is a combination of internal, external factor and some forces
which company cannot control but still business depend on them as they influence or impact
business functions or operations. The forces which affect business positively or negatively are
suppliers, competitors, government, economic condition, market structure etc. Thus business
environment is an important aspect of company as it enable them to identify the challenges and
make use of opportunities in order to expand the productivity (Aithal, Shailashree and Kumar,
2015). Apart from this, every organisations are described as groups or structure which is
established with the purpose of achieving certain goals or objectives i.e. private, public,
voluntary, sole proprietorship etc. In context to Sainsbury, second largest chain of supermarket
in the world which is established in the year of 1869. It is situated in United Kingdom. This
research covers the different types of organisation along with their purpose, legal structure and
scope, interrelationship between organisational function and their impact on organisational
structure, analysis of business environment by using PESTLE and SWOT.
TASK 1
P1 Different types of organisation with their purpose and legal structure
Business Environment is basically a combination of internal and external factors or forces
which impact the company's productivity or profitability. It includes several factors which is
dynamic in nature. Those factors are of different type and also effect the company in different
degree. Among them certain factors have favourable influence on business while some factors
adversely affect the company. Thus, business environment is a complex nature . Business are
established on the basis of various forms or types. It can be constituted and managed by an
individual, group, government and other parties (Aithal, 2016). Each department contain unique
purpose and legal structure which directs them towards achievement of organisational goal. So,
on the basis of ownership and management organisation are divided into different types which is
described below:
Private Company.
Private company are those whose ownership are held by private members and operate as
a distinct legal entity to its directors and shareholders. (Akter and et. al., 2016). In this context,
Sainsbury one of the UK leading private retailing company in the world which was founded in
1

the year of 1869 . They have an effective purpose and legal structure which enables them to
attain maximisation of profit effectively. However, Sainsbury's operate in territory sector as it
does not manufacture product but they provide effective service to customer and also to other
business who pay to them. The valuable purposes and legal structure of Sainsbury are as
follows:
Purpose
Sainsbury's are determine to provide high quality of service and exceed the satisfaction
level of customers by the optimum utilisation of resources. By this they can easily attain
maximisation of profit and capture the market effectively. Apart from this they are also
concerned in reducing the environmental impact products in order to bring healthy atmosphere
which enable them to add value to their goal.
Legal Structure
Sainsbury's legal structure which is described below:
 Sole Proprietorship: This structure is unincorporated business and it is owned by one
person i.e. sole trader. It does not require government and owner is responsible for all
debts of the business. This business ends up with the death of the owner.
 Partnership: Partnership is a combination of two or more individual in which each
partners equally share duties, rights(Articles of Association), profit and liabilities of
company.
 Private Limited Company: This structure has separate legal entity as it is an incorporated
company. Mostly private limited company are small, family run business and that are
owned by shareholders (Al-Saleh and Mahroum, 2015). Each shareholders have limited
liability for company's debt and it is run by Board of Directors.
Public Company
Public company is a company whose securities are traded on a stock exchange and can be
bought and sold by anyone. In relation to this, The Child Support Agency is an executive agency
of Department of Work and Pension who is responsible for administrating or managing the
system of child maintenance (Arasti, Zandi and Bahmani, 2014). It is commenced in the year of
1993 and headquartered in Britain. The productive purpose and legal structure help company to
achieve their goal successfully. Thus, Child Support Agency deal into territory sector as they
2

facilitate the financial support to children. The effective purpose and legal structure of Child
Support Agency are as follows:
Purpose
Child Support Agency are dedicated to promote responsible parent after divorcing or
separation. This system are obliged to support the child maintenance in which non-resident
parents are required to pay for the upbringing and support of their children. Along with this, their
main focus is to build loving relationship between parent and child and make parents to
contribute towards the child's development.
Legal Structure
The legal structure of Child Support Agency are as follows:
 Local Government: Local Government have only control over particular geographic
region and can elect officials, enact taxes and can do several activities. But they have no
right to enforce laws as it affect the wider areas(Bah and Fang, 2015).
 State Government: State government is government which makes and enforce laws for
the state. The role of this government is to promote state economy and take operational
control over most government programs.
 Central Government: Central government is the one who has a full political authority
over the entire nation. It is responsible for administrating the functions of
executive(President,Vice president), Legislative( Parliament, LokSabha) and
Judiciary( Supreme Curt, High Court).
Voluntary Structure
Voluntary sectors are those organisation whose main focus is to benefit and enrich the
society without having a motive of profit earning. They usually invested back into community
development. In context to Oxfam, one of the global organisation who work for eliminating the
poverty from country and raise the standard of living of society or community(Berkup, 2014.). It
is formed in the year of 1942. Therefore, Oxfam is regarded as territory sector as they
concentrate on providing valuable service for the improvement of society. The purpose and legal
structure of The National Trust are as follows:
Purpose
Oxfam a charitable organisation who are dedicated to eradicate the injustice and poverty
from society and improves or changes the lifestyle of community.
3

Legal Structure
 An Unincorporated Association: This structure is concerned for small group with a short
term goal which do not destine to employ staff and acquire property.
 Trust: This is non-democratic organisation as it doesn't contain membership structure and
they have to manage money or property for a clearly defined purpose. It's a combination
of donors, trustees and beneficiary(Besley, 2015).
 Limited Company: It's an incorporated organisation in which company is responsible for
manage land, staff etc. Its of two types i.e. company limited by shares and company
limited by guarantee.
P2 Size and scope of different types of organisation.
Business environment is a collection of group, individual and factors which may or may
not under the control of organization but can impact its performance, profitability and
productivity. Business organisation is of various forms and types like private, public, voluntary
sector etc. (Bocken and et. al., 2014). Each sectors has their own size, scope and hierarchy
structure which enable them to accomplish organisational goal in an effective manner. Different
scope and size of different organisation are as follows:
Sainsbury
 Background details: Sainsbury is a second largest chain of retailer in the world which is
diversified in the areas of Sainsbury Bank, Sainsbury supermarket etc. It is founded in the
year of 1869 which is headquartered in London, United Kingdom.
 Vision and mission: The vision and mission of Sainsbury is to be the most trusted retailer
in the word by providing the high quality of product and service to customer, colleagues
and create a healthy environment.
 Business Objective: The main objective of Sainsbury is to drive sales through great
service by maintaining simplicity, efficiency and effectiveness of product which
improves the company's profitability(Botha, Kourie and Snyman,2014).
 Size and scope: Sainsbury has a size of 1415 shops in more than 50 countries across the
globe. It has 15,000 brand products and its revenue of the company is £28.456 billion
where 1,86,900 employees are working. Their scope is massive or huge as they operate in
various division like Sainsbury Bank, Sainsbury supermarket, Sainsbury Argos etc.
which enables them to grow or expand effectively.
4

 Product and services: Sainsbury offer various product and services like groceries, Argos,
Sainsbury bank, habitat energy, nectar and property.
 Organisational structure: Sainsbury uses hierarchy organisational structure as it contains
various level of people who employs and control the functions of company like
employees, line mangers etc. It has organised structure which help them to achieve goal
effectively(Cairncross, 2014).
 Stakeholders: Sainsbury's stakeholders are customer, supplier, community, employees
and managers.
Child Support Agency
 Background details: The Child Support Agency is an agency of Department of Work and
Pension who work towards the financial support to child maintenance. It is commenced
in the year of 1993 and is located in Britain.
 Vision and Mission: Child Support Agency employ best resources and develop cost
effective program in order to support financially and brings a positive outcomes for the
children and families.
 Business Objective: The primary objective of Child Support Agency is to promote the
responsible parenting in order to take care of their children mentally, financially after
their separation or divorce. Along with this, the another aim is to provide resource and
information to anyone who is seeking for child maintenance.
 Size and scope: In Child Support Agency 2,40,000 employees are working and it operate
in more than 20 countries. Its revenue was around £30.486 billion. Their scope is very
large because they ensure that children who are living in the household of custodial
parent are receiving the material support and basic needs from non-custodial parents. By
this, they are able build a healthy and safe environment among community.
 Product and service: They mainly deal into providing financial support to children who
are separated from their parents due to divorce and encourage parents to provide mental
support to children(Foss and Saebi, 2017).
 Organisational structure: The child Support Agency follows functional organisation
structure as they put people with similar knowledge or skill in a group together which
enable the employees to get specialised in specific areas. By this company can enhance
their productivity and reduce the work related mistake.
5

 Stakeholders: Children, youth, family are the key stakeholders of Child Support Agency .
Oxfam
 Background details: Oxfam is one the major non profit and charitable organisation who
mainly focus on eradicating the poverty and scarcity from the community or society. It
started in the year of 1942 and led by Oxfam International. It's headquartered in England
and operate in all over the world.
 Vision and Mission: Oxfam's vision and mission is to create a world without poverty and
everyone should be treated equally and prevent the society from injustice.
 Business Objective: Oxfam's main objective is to remove the poverty and injustice from
country and enable people to exercise their rights and manage their own lives.
 Size and Scope: Oxfam is an international coalition of 19 organisation and operates in
approximately 90 countries worldwide. Its revenue is around £1,040.7 million. They have
huge scope of growth because one person in three in the world lives in poverty and for
which Oxfam is passionate to bring changes in the world by mobilising the power of
people against poverty(Hallward-Driemeier and Pritchett, 2015).
 Product and Service: They provide basic needs to people i.e. food, clothing, shelter which
enable them to satisfy their needs and wants and help people to improve their lifestyle.
 Organisational Structure: Oxfam has flatter organisation structure as it runs by president
and followed by directors who controls and manages the activities of employees. By this
company can enlarge their profitability and improves the employees morale.
 Stakeholders: Oxfam's stakeholders are employees, managers, donors, suppliers, partner,
government agencies who plays a vital role in the expansion of company.
Task 2
P3 Relationship between different organisational functions and how they link to organisational
structure and objective.
An organisation is an association of two or more people who come together in order to
accomplish common goal or objective. Every organisation has several functions or department
and they plays a vital role in the enlargement of company. Each departments are interrelated or
interconnected which enable the firm to build a strong relationship among employees and
enhance the productivity or profitability. In context of Sainsbury, it has various departments
6

which is interlinked with each other in order in improve the effectiveness and efficiency of
company. The relationship between different departments of Sainsbury are as follows:
 Finance and Marketing: Both functions are the two pillars of company's growth and
profit. Finance is concerned with profit, sales growth, cost etc. while marketing is
concentrated on sales target, sales volume, advertising etc. as they both need each other
support for the accomplishment of goal. For example, when marketing department
wants to promote the product they require enough fund. In this finance department
plays important role in providing them sufficient fund for the promotional activities.
By this company can easily generate sales and improve its productivity.
 Human Resource and Marketing: Both function are interlinked with each other because
marketing department help in finding the skilled workforce. For this they promote
vacant positions of company. With the help of this HR department make effective
workforce who are able in attaining organisation pre determined goal. (Hillary, 2017).
 Production and Marketing: These two function has close relationship in order to
enhance the company performance. For example, production department manufacture
a product and marketing department promote that product through advertising, sales
promotion etc. in order to increase the sales volume which leads to higher profit.
From the above explained statement, different departments are interconnected with company
objective and its structure. By an effective objective and structure of company ensures the high
productivity and profitability. The organisational structure of Sainsbury are as follows:
7

Organisation function, structure and their objective are interrelated with each other as
they enable the company to attain maximisation of profit effectively. Organisations encompasses
of various departments like production, marketing, finance etc. and these functions are managed
and controlled by organisational structure like manager, chief executive etc(Khan and Quaddus,
2015). In context to Sainsbury's food shop , it has effective structure of chairman, chief
executive, financial officer followed by various departments who work towards the
accomplishment of organisational objective which adds value to company. Thus, each of them
requires each other support and encouragement for which enable the company to enrich
profitability and attain pre determined goal.
8

From the given diagram it shows Sainsbury's finance service which include several
departments like sales & marketing, finance, business development which is govern by manager,
and followed by customer service and event service. By this structure it enable them to
accomplish organisational goal in an effective and efficient manner.
TASK 3
P4 Positive and negative impact of macro environment upon business operations
Macro environmental factors are external factors that affect the decision making of an
organisation. To identify the impact of these factors Sainsbury can use PESTEL analysis, which
is as following:
PESTEL Analysis
It is a tool and techniques which is used by the company identifying and analysing the
impact of external factors such as political, economical, social, technological, environmental and
legal. These factors are as below:
Political- This factor include government policies and their impact on a company or a specific
industry. The business of Sainsbury influenced by Brexit cause of high inflation, this company
has a competitive position in the retail market. In UK cause of Brexit, EU increase the import
9

duty on fresh food, this negatively impacted the profit of the company. But UK is a stable
country so it reduced the corruption and Bureaucracy(Kljucnikov and et.al., 2016).
Positive- Due to stable country, this impact positively affected in terms of corruption and
all the work and business is operate in a positive manner or legal way.
Negative- Cause of Brexit, EU increased import duty on fresh food which negatively
impacted the profit margins of the firm.
Economical- This factor include interest rate, employment rate and others. In Sainsbury, the
turnover of the company affected by the Brexit because it make deflation in the price of pounds
in comparison to dollars and this negatively influence economic condition of the company in
terms of profit. But its positively affect the purchasing power of the consumers cause of low and
falling price.
Positive- Discount, low and falling price on products positively influence the buying
behaviour of the customers which squeeze on margins and profits.
Negative- Due to Brexit, decrement and deflation in the value of pounds in compare to
dollar negatively affect the business or economic condition of the company. Because cause of
change in laws and policies such as interest rate, taxation policy, the value of the pound
decreased in comparison to dollar.
Social- Cause of Brexit, Cahnges occured in the taste & preferences of the customers needs &
demands related to choice of the food such as healthy and organic food. The sales of organic
food increased by over 6% compared to the big supermarket. But the sales of supermarkets have
dropped by nearly 2% which create negative impact on their customer line (PESTEL Analysis of
Sainsbury, 2019).
Positive- The change in customers taste & preferences increased 6% sales of the Sainsbury and
positively affected the number of the consumers and loyalty of them.
Negative- The sales of Organic food negatively impacted the sales of supermarket and
the sales of them dropped by 2%.
Technological- Brexit influenced this function also in term of generating technical change. In
Sainsbury, the management department of the company has introduced digital services like
online food shopping and click-and-control services. With the help of these services, they can
place online orders and do shopping at the local supermarket. This create positive impact and
increased sales by over 80% and orders by 20%. (PESTEL Analysis of Sainsbury, 2019).
10

Positive- The digital service enhance or enrich the company's productivity as it saves
consumer time,energy and money and creates an easiest way of purchasing product(Kolk, 2016).
Negative- Online food shopping becomes a challenge for those who doesn't know to
operate online function and also it deceives customer in terms of product by providing wrong
goods.
Environmental- This factor has impacted by Brexit by creating a healthy environment for
people. In Sainsbury, it took a step towards prevention of environment by developing the
technology called “Olio” which facilitates the smart fridges with internal camera. By this people
can view the items of fridge through smartphone and help each other from buying unnecessary
items.
Positive- This latest technology enable the people to reduce the wastage of product and
save money.
Negative- Each people has their own choice of food so it creates conflicts among them
regarding buying variety of foods items.
Legal- This factor has great impact of Brexit as the UK government introduced sugar tax in
order to reduce the content of sugar in sugary drinks by 20%. By this Sainsbury improved its
performance and productivity by introducing sugar free products (PESTEL Analysis of
Sainsbury, 2019).
Positive- This new reform protect and encourage the diabetes people to live healthy life.
Negative- This latest policy may effect the brand, marketing and promotional effort of
company by decreasing the sales of sugar products like soft drinks.
TASK 4
P5 Internal and external analysis of Sainsbury in order to identify strength and weakness.
SWOT is used to evaluate a company's competitive position and also helps in
development of strategic plan for the organisation. It analyses the internal and external factors
that have an impact on organisation. It is designed to provide a realistic look at the strength and
weaknesses of an organisation in the industry. That can be correlated with the opportunities
and threat which are present in the market or which may occur in the near future. By
understanding the weaknesses Organisation can manage and eliminate threat and with clear
11

understanding of strength it will be easy for organisation to capture different opportunities
available in the market (Picoto, Bélanger and Palma-dos-Reis, 2014).
Strength describes what an organisation excels at and what separates it from the
competition their are various factors that serve as strength for organisation like loyal customer
base and unique technology. Sainsbury's large presence in the market serve as one the most
important strength for the company. Where as weakness stop an organisation to perform at
optimum level of performance. Opportunities refers to favourable external factors that could give
an organisation a competitive advantage. Where as threat refers to factors that have potential to
harm an organisation. The strength, weakness, opportunities and threat of the organisation are
discussed below;
Strength. Weaknesses.
 Highly skilled workforce through
training and learning programme.
 Innovative promotional strategies.
 Catering all type of customers.
 It is one of the largest supermarket
chain in UK.
 Employees strength of over 1,50,000
people (Swot Analysis . 2018.).
 Experienced leadership team.
 It has over 600 supermarket and over
800 convenience stores across UK.
 The company is listed on the London
Stock Exchange and FTSE Index.
 Several Sponsored programme like
Paralympics.
 Branding through advertising cross UK
through TVCs, and online campaigns
etc.
 Strong Brand Portfolio provides
various option of different categories to
 Rise in food price over the world have
impacted Sainsbury's to increase their
selling price.
 Stiff competition within every segment
of retail sector.
 High attrition rate in work force.
 Limited success outside core business.
 The profitability ratio and Net
contribution percentage of Sainsbury's
are below industry average.
 Not very good at demand forecasting
which result in missed market
opportunities.
 Low investment in research and
Development compared to other players
in the industry.
 Need more investment in new
technology.
 Challenges from new entrant will effect
12

the customers.
 Successful track record through
Complimentary firms through mergers
and acquisition.
 Right Expansion move helps in
expanding the market base globally.
the market share of the organisation.
 Limited success outside core business.
Opportunities. Threats.
 Global market expansion which can be
done through different online
collaborations.
 Organisation can enter the market of
emerging companies through joint
venture or partnership.
 Expansion into growing economies like
Africa, Asia etc (Ramadani and et. al.,
2015).
 Utilizing the existing NECTAR
database for identification of potential
customers.
 Diversification and growth of
Sainsbury's bank.
 New trend in consumer behaviour can
open up new market for Sainsbury's.
 Lingering effect of drop-off in the
economy.
 Impact of Brexit on economy as it has
effected the market adversely. It is
going to have negative impact on the
businesses as well.
 Intense competition in grocery and
retail segment to increase their market
share by the organisations.
 Rising raw material can pose a threat to
the organisation.
 New technological development and up
gradation.
 Growing strength of local distributor.
 Rising pay level of workforce.
 Shortage of skilled workforce in certain
global market (Yusuf and et. al., 2015).
 Different liability law in different
market may expose to various liability
claims for the organisation.
13

P6 Strength and weaknesses interrelate with external macro factors.
Organisation external environment have greater impact on the internal environment as
they are linked with each other which is described below:
Political factor: UK government is stable in nature and if any rules are imposed by them, it will
last for long term. In case of Sainsbury, they implement innovative promotional strategy for
enhance productivity. It enable them to impose effective rules and regulation for the attainment
of organisational goal.
 Strength: As UK government is static which benefits the Sainsbury to improve the sales
and productivity by adapting innovative promotional strategy like digital marketing. By
this company can obtain its objective in an effective manner.
 Weakness: An unethical,unfair business practices and negative branding reduces the
company's proficiency (Reynolds and Rohlin, 2014).
Economical Factor: Due to Brexit in UK it improves the economic condition of Sainsbury's
providing enormous opportunity to grow. It helped them to modify the labour cost and interest
rate in ordfer to enhance the overall performance.
 Strength: Brexit enable Sainsbury to enhance its potentiality in terms of capturing the
market by introducing innovative products. By adapting the opportunity it help them to
improve their potentiality in order to attain long term goal.
 Weakness: Company should have effective technology in order to face the stiff
competition.
Social Factor: In current scenario everyone prefer organic and healthy food and Sainsbury
concentrate on every segment of customer which effect the company's productivity. It enable the
business to produce more healthy food products which increases the purchasing power as well
increases the sales.
 Strength: This new trend increases the Sainsbury's sales by 6% which enlarge the
company's growth. Apart from this it enhance the company performance and productivity
which help them in accomplish pre determined goal.
 Weakness: Sometime new taste of customer impact the Sainsbury's growth by decreasing
the sales in supermarket.
14

Technological Factor: For achieving growth Sainsbury adapt new ways of branding like online
campaign which enrich its expansion. By this it enrich the skills and capability of employees and
enhance the company's profitability.
 Strength: In digital world ,online trading adds value to Sainsbury's reputation and
branding. This latest technology enlarge the company productivity and add value to its
reputation.
 Weakness: Online trading brings new competitors to market and it becomes the challenge
to existing company to retain customers (Shenkar, Luo and Chi, 2014).
Legal Factor: UK government stability is effective which helps the Sainsbury to accomplish its
pre determined goal by adapting the challenges from new entrants. Thus, company can
implement policies on the favour of company's growth and profitability.
 Strength: Sainsbury can easily follow the policies which is imposed by government and
encourage them to bring innovative products. Due to stability of UK government
company can easily achieve the organisational objective.
 Weakness: If company doesn't follow the policies which is imposed by government, it
becomes a threat to them and reduces the potentiality of company in terms of facing new
entrants.
Environmental Factor: Today's company is concentrated on healthy environment which
enhance its profitability. By the eco friendly product Sainsbury can easily capture the market.
 Strength: Due to enormous opportunity Sainsbury can introduce creative technology
which expand company's profit. Thus, company can attain the maximisation of profit
with the optimum utilisation of available resources.
 Weakness: If company doesn't introduce eco-friendly product it impact its profitability
by decreasing the sales.
CONCLUSION
Business environment has great impact on the productivity of company. It may lead to
failure or success and the affecting factors can be internal or external. So company should be
effective in order to face the challenges or forces from competitors. Apart from this company
need to have innovative and latest technology for capturing the market and successfully
achievement of pre determined goal (Sodeyfi, 2016). Thus, company need to be aware of taste
and preference society in order to maximise the profit with the optimum utilisation of resources.
15

16

References
Books and Journals
Aithal, P. S., Shailashree, V. and Kumar, P. M., 2015. A new ABCD technique to analyze
business models & concepts. International Journal of Management, IT and
Engineering. 5(4). pp.409-423.
Aithal, P. S., 2016. Study on ABCD analysis technique for business models, business strategies,
operating concepts & business systems. International Journal in Management and
Social Science. 4(1).
Akter, S. and et. al., 2016. How to improve firm performance using big data analytics capability
and business strategy alignment?. International Journal of Production Economics. 182.
pp.113-131.
Al-Saleh, Y. and Mahroum, S., 2015. A critical review of the interplay between policy
instruments and business models: greening the built environment a case in point.
Journal of Cleaner Production. 109. pp.260-270.
Arasti, Z., Zandi, F. and Bahmani, N., 2014. Business failure factors in Iranian SMEs: Do
successful and unsuccessful entrepreneurs have different viewpoints?. Journal of Global
Entrepreneurship Research. 4(1). p.10.
Bah, E. H. and Fang, L., 2015. Impact of the business environment on output and productivity in
Africa. Journal of Development Economics. 114. pp.159-171.
Berkup, S. B., 2014. Working with generations X and Y in generation Z period: Management of
different generations in business life. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. 5(19).
p.218.
Besley, T., 2015. Law, regulation, and the business climate: The nature and influence of the
World Bank Doing Business project. Journal of Economic Perspectives. 29(3). pp.99-
120.
Bocken, N. M and et. al., 2014. A literature and practice review to develop sustainable business
model archetypes. Journal of cleaner production. 65. pp.42-56.
Botha, A., Kourie, D. and Snyman, R., 2014. Coping with continuous change in the business
environment: Knowledge management and knowledge management technology.
Elsevier.
Cairncross, F., 2014. Green Inc.: guide to business and the environment. Routledge.
Foss, N. J. and Saebi, T., 2017. Fifteen years of research on business model innovation: how far
have we come, and where should we go?. Journal of Management. 43(1). pp.200-227.
Hallward-Driemeier, M. and Pritchett, L., 2015. How business is done in the developing world:
Deals versus rules. Journal of Economic Perspectives. 29(3). pp.121-40.
Hillary, R. ed., 2017. Small and medium-sized enterprises and the environment: business
imperatives. Routledge.
Khan, E. A. and Quaddus, M., 2015. Examining the influence of business environment on socio-
economic performance of informal microenterprises: content analysis and partial least
square approach. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy. 35(3/4). pp.273-
288.
Kljucnikov, A and et.al., 2016. The entreprenurial perception of SME business environment
quality in the Czech Republic. Journal of Competitiveness. 8(1).
17

Kolk, A., 2016. The social responsibility of international business: From ethics and the
environment to CSR and sustainable development. Journal of World Business. 51(1).
pp.23-34.
Picoto, W. N., Bélanger, F. and Palma-dos-Reis, A., 2014. A technology–organisation–
environment (TOE)-based m-business value instrument. International Journal of Mobile
Communications. 12(1). pp.78-101.
Ramadani, V. and et. al., 2015. The context of Islamic entrepreneurship and business: Concept,
principles and perspectives. International Journal of Business and Globalisation. 15(3).
pp.244-261.
Reynolds, C. L. and Rohlin, S., 2014. Do location‐based tax incentives improve quality of life
and quality of business environment?. Journal of Regional Science. 54(1). pp.1-32.
Shenkar, O., Luo, Y. and Chi, T., 2014. International business. Routledge.
Sodeyfi, S., 2016. Review of literature on the nexus of financial leverage, product quality, &
business conditions. Journal of Economic & Management Perspectives. 10(2). pp.146-
150.
Yusuf, Y. Y. And et. al., 2014. A relational study of supply chain agility, competitiveness and
business performance in the oil and gas industry. International Journal of Production
Economics. 147. pp.531-543.
Online
Swot Analysis, 2018. [Online]. Available Through: <https://www.swotandpestle.com/j-
sainsbury-plc//>.
PESTEL Analysis of Sainsbury, 2019. [Online].
<https://www.123writing.com/free-sample/pestle-and-swot-analysis-of-sainsbury
%E2%80%99s-2017>.
18