Ford, CPS, BHF: Organisational Structure and Functions Report

This report provides a detailed analysis of different business structures, including private (Ford), public (Crown Prosecution Service), and voluntary (British Heart Foundation) organizations. It examines their purpose, legal structure, size, scope, and objectives, along with an analysis of the interrelationships between organizational functions and their impact on structure. The report utilizes the PESTLE model to assess the macro-environment, demonstrating both positive and negative impacts on business operations. Furthermore, it evaluates the influence of both macro and micro factors on business objectives and decision-making processes, offering a comprehensive understanding of the business environment and its effects on organizational strategies and performance. The report covers the various types of private, public and voluntary organizations, stakeholders, and their objectives.

Business and
Business
Environment

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
Different types of structures, size and scope of private, public and voluntary organisation......3
Analysis of advantages and disadvantages of interrelationships between organisational
functions and their impact structure............................................................................................9
PESTLE model to support macro-environment to demonstrate negative and positive impacts
on business operations...............................................................................................................10
Evaluation of the impacts that both macro and micro factors have upon business objectives
and decision-making.................................................................................................................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................16
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................17

INTRODUCTION
Business is referred as enterprise or organisation that is engaged in industrial,
professional and commercial activities (Aithal, 2015). This can be profit or non-profit
organisation which is operating to fulfil need and demand of people and society.
Similarly, business environment is defined as combination of both internal as well as
external factors that influence business. There are various components of environments
such as clients, investors, governments, suppliers, competitors and others. It also helps
in identifying enterprise opportunities, tapping resources, planning and developing
performance of enterprise. According to scenario, three organisations are selected such
as private, public and voluntary. The private organisation is Ford that is American
multinational auto-mobile enterprise founded in 1903, public is Crown Prosecution
Service which deals in public agency in order to conduct criminal prosecutions at
England and voluntary is British Heart Foundation that deals in charity for providing
services of heartbreak from heart and circulatory diseases. The main aim of report is to
analyse different types of organisations along with their scope, size, products, services,
structure, objectives and so on. Organisation has interrelationship with various functions
of business. It has also covered PESTLE and SWOT analysis that has positive and
negative impact upon activities and operations of enterprise. The report also describe
about strengths and weaknesses with external macro factors.
MAIN BODY
Different types of structures, size and scope of private, public and voluntary
organisation
As per scenario, three different organisation are selected such as private, public
and voluntary named as Ford, British Heart Foundation and Crown Prosecution Service.
The description of their purpose, legal structure, size, scope, types and so on of each
companies are discussed. They are as follows:
Private Organisation
This is defined as corporation, person, agency, partnership which is not operated
through public or profit body (Bah and Fang, 2015). It includes businesses which are for

profit but does not operate or owned by government. In order to run private
organisation, one or more than that person are required for formation.
Background of the company- Ford is American multinational automotive
organisation founded by Henry Ford in 1903 headquarter at Dearborn, Michigan, U.S. It
focus on selling commercial as well as auto mobiles vehicles under Ford name and
luxury cars under Lincoln brand. The respective organisation has joint venture with
China, Thailand, Taiwan, Russia, Turkey.
Structure- The respective organisation follows joint stock structure where it is
managed through board of directors, chief executives, managers and so on. It carries
high risk and possess limited liability.
Size- The respective organisation has wider size as there are more than 199,000
employees working for achievement of business goal and objectives.
Scope- The respective organisation wants to expand their business in other
emerging market such as China and India in order to provide products as well as
services in best possible manner which is scope of it. It also deals in manufacturing of
electric and hybrid cars that helps to enter into various countries for serving fuel free
vehicles.
Vision- The vision statement of Ford is to become global leading consumer
organisation in order to provide automotive products as well as services (Belás and et.
al., 2015).
Mission- The mission statement of Ford is to become international family with
heritage passionately committed towards providing auto-mobile to people around global
market. They analyse need and demand of consumer and delivering unique products as
well as services in order to improve lives of people.
Objectives- Main objectives of Ford are: formation of matched pairs system,
sharing common cost objective & improving supply base interface and boosting
profitability of suppliers.
Purpose- Ford's purpose is bringing people together and providing them with
high quality products and services.
Products and Services- Ford deals in various types of products and provide
unique services. The products includes luxury vehicles, automotive parts, SUVs, auto-

mobiles, commercial vehicles, pickup trusts and services consists of automotive
finance, vehicle service as well as leasing.
Types of private organisation- Private organisation is categorised into different
types such as: Sole Proprietorship- It is defined as organisation which is operate, run and
formed by single person who is liable for whole profit as well as loss. This is the
easiest form of business where individual is manager, owner and risk taker. Partnership- It is defined as an agreement between two or more person who
shares equal profits, management, risk (Demil and et. al., 2015). They are liable
to manager business activities and operations equally.
 Joint Stock Company- It is defined as company which has both public as well as
private firm in order to run business activities and operations. This is controlled
as well as managed through chief executives and board of directors. It has
limited liability and high risk.
Stakeholders- The stakeholders of Ford are addressed through programs and
social responsibility. It includes customers, investors, employees and communities. Out
of these, customers are at first priority and communities at lowest.
Public Organisation
This is owned and governed by the government of country. They are formed
mainly to provide products and services for benefits of society and community
(Epifanova and et. al., 2015). In this organisation, ownership is distributed among public
shareholders through helps of free trading of share at stock exchange. Here, more than
50 percent shares are owned by public.
Background of the company- Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) is public
organisation founded in 1986 headquarter at Petty France, London. The respective
organisation is principal agency in order to conduct criminal prosecutions at Wales as
well as England. This is headed through Direction of Public Prosecutions (DPP). It has
to perform various responsibilities such as providing legal advice to investigative
agencies, deciding criminal charges and so on.
Structure- CPS follows departmental undertaking legal structure because it is
part of government where legal criminal activities are managed and handled by firm.

Size- There are more than 6000 employees working at Crown Prosecution
Service in order to provide agency and legal services to their people at time of criminal
prosecution.
Scope- The main scope is making country free from illegal activities and charge
fine, punishment, penalty who are involved in illegal work. This mainly work for providing
fair and justice to people in best manner.
Vision- Vision of Crown Prosecution Service is bringing equality at societies and
communities in order to punish criminal so that people of country can live happy,
independent and secure life.
Mission- Mission of Crown Prosecution Service is delivering justice with help of
effective as well as independent prosecution of fostering culture of excellence and crime
in order to inspire and support each other in best manner.
Objectives- Crown Prosecution Service has objectives of punishing right person
in order to provide justice to offenders (Erasmus, Strydom and Rudansky-Kloppers,
2016).
Purpose- Crown Prosecution Service works with purpose of promoting
awareness at societies and communities in order to make them feel safe and secure at
places.
Products and Services- Crown Prosecution Service is legal agency
organisation that provide advice in terms of legal aspects to investigative agencies such
as police so that they can decide criminal charges for suspect.
Types of public organisation- There are different types of public organisations
which are described below: Departmental Undertakings- It is oldest form of public organisation which is part
of department of government. This has no separate existence from government
where there is control of one department or one ministry. For instance,
broadcasting, telephone, railways and so on. Government Company- It is the company in which 51 percent of paid up share
capital is held by state or central government. These organisation work, ruled
and governed by companies act existing in country.

 Public Corporation/Statutory Corporation- It is body corporate that is established
by special parliament act or through central or state legislature (Evans and et. al.,
2017). This is financed by government of country where objects, powers and
limitations are decided through act of legislature. For example, life insurance
corporation, oil & natural gas corporation and so on.
Stakeholders- The stakeholders of Crown Prosecution Service are divided into
three part such as internal, directly affected and indirectly affected which includes staff,
trade unions, probation board, offenders, courts, partnerships, suppliers, local authority,
local solicitors, central government and so on.
Voluntary Organisation
It is also known as union, common interest association which is group of people
entering into agreement such as volunteers in order to form body to attain set goal or
purpose of business (Fabuš, 2017). The example of voluntary organisation includes
trade unions, professional associations and environmental groups.
Background of the company- British Heart Foundation (BHF) is charity
organisations founded in 1961 at United Kingdom. Chief executive of BHF is Simon
Gillespie and Chairman is Doug Gurr. This was founded by group of medical
professionals who focused on increasing death rate from cardiovascular disease. They
requires funds for doing research about cause, treatment, diagnosis and prevention of
circulatory as well as heart disease.
Structure- BHF follows unincorporated association as legal structure because it
work with motive of providing assistance to people suffering from heart diseases. It work
for service motive rather than profit earning.
Size- Size of British Heart Foundation is measured in terms of number of
employees working i.e. is 3000. They focus on providing services to heart disease
patients.
Scope- Main scope of British Heart Foundation is doing funds for cardiovascular
investigation which spent £100 million per year. In current scenario, it is funding more
than 1000 research projects. They are planning to initiate funding in other countries for
doing research of cardiovascular for enhancement of services in effective and efficient
manner.

Vision- The vision statement of British Heart Foundation is to make world in
which individual should not die due to heart diseases.
Mission- The mission statement of British Heart Foundation is to play role in
fighting against heart disease and circulation so that no one can die prematurely due to
heart disease.
Objectives- British Heart Foundation has objective in terms of reducing rate of
death that is happened because of heart problems.
Purpose- British Heart Foundation works on purpose of declining rate of death of
premature people caused due to cardiovascular disease and building awareness
globally to protect individual themselves from heart diseases (Georgescu and Popescul,
2015).
Products and Services- The products and services of British Heart Foundation
are to provide health care services in terms of recovering people from heart diseases. It
was founded to assist people suffering from heart diseases and reduce death rate.
Types of voluntary organisation- The various types of voluntary organisation
operating at marketplace are as follows: Trust- This is defined as organisation that consists of beneficiaries and trustees
who are overall liable for controlling and managing each and every activities of
business in best possible manner. This is owned through independents
partnership, banks, firms and so on.
 Unincorporated Association- It is defined as organisation in which people gather
together having a motive of serving as well as improving conditions of societies
(Groşanu and et. al., 2015). The purpose is to provide service rather than earning
profits. Volunteers are liable to carry operations and activities according to
mentioned on agreements.
Stakeholders- The stakeholders of British Heart Foundation includes patients,
staff, government parties, non government bodies, volunteers, researchers, public and
so on.

Analysis of advantages and disadvantages of interrelationships between organisational
functions and their impact structure
It is very important for organisation to maintain relationship with each and every
department so that goal and objectives can be attained (Hillary, 2017). Each of them
has to work collectively for optimum utilisation of resources. This helps in performing all
functions for profitable results. Moreover, there are various types of departments such
as finance, operations, human resource management, marketing, production,
accounting, research & development and so on. If they work together then problems
would not arise in business. In context of Ford, it is multinational auto mobile business
having various departments and working for attainment of objectives. As these
interrelationship has both advantages and disadvantages among organisational
functions and impacting structure of business. Some of the interrelationship among
different departments are described below:
Marketing and Human Resources- These both department has to work
collectively as marketing provide information regarding requirements of number of
employees in performing particular functions whereas human resources hire skilled and
talent manpower for work performance. In context of Ford, it requires marketing
executive in order to sell their products and services having good knowledge, skilled
and experienced. Both functions are working together at respective organisation for
positive outcomes. The main advantages of these functions are hiring right person at
right time for right profile whereas disadvantage is that if they don't work together then
activities and operations cannot be conducted and achieved in positive way. As per
structure of Ford, it has to identify requirements of marketing executive so that set goal
and objectives are achieved in effective as well as efficient manner.
Finance and Production- These both department are part of business where
production ensure that company should not run out of inventory and finance ensure
about requirements of resources and capital for producing products and services
(Kozubíková, Homolka and Kristalas, 2017). The production department of Ford has to
make proper estimation regarding stock so that consumer get products whenever
required to them and approach to finance so that it can provide budget amount of fund
for conducting business operation. Through interrelationship between finance and

production department, respective organisation has an advantage such as they can
work as per given budget by finance. This will helps in minimising waste of resources
and funds. Similarly, these interrelationship has negative impact to Ford, if they does
not make proper budget and coordinate with each other for achievement of goal and
objectives. According to structure of business, production has to be done in order to
attain goal and objectives.
Marketing and Research & Development (R&D)- These both department are
very important for organisation as they helps in attainment of business goal and
objectives (Löfsten, 2016). Here, research and development has to do proper analysis
of market in order to know about requirement of their consumers, use of technology by
other competitors and provide information to marketing so that they use new and
innovative technology, promotional in order to sell products as well as services. There
are many competitors of Ford which required active, effective and strong research and
development team to work and analyse market. With the effective interrelationship
between marketing and research & development, they can provide new and innovative
ideas to marketing functions which focus on attracting large number of consumers. In
case of ineffective relationship among each other create problems for positive results.
The structure of Ford is huge which requires strong marketing as well as R&D
department to achieve organisational objectives in effectual way.
PESTLE model to support macro-environment to demonstrate negative and positive
impacts on business operations
It is essential for companies to determine macro environmental factors so that
they can operate and perform activities and operations in positive manner. Here, macro
environment is referred as collection of external factors which impact development of
business in positive and negative manner. These cannot be controlled and has impact
on operation and performance of organisations. This is examined with help of PESTLE
analysis that impact on growth of enterprise. PESTLE analysis is the framework that is
used for examining and monitoring outside surrounding factors. This model is used by
Ford for knowing about various factors such as:
Political Factors- It is defined as factors that identifies about how government
are intervenes in economy of countries (Madhavaram and Hunt, 2017). This consists of

tax laws, stability, political conditions etc. This has positive as well as negative impact to
respective organisation which are given below: Positive Impact- The positive impact of political factor to Ford is that due to
emerging market provides various opportunities for growth and success as there
is demand for auto-mobiles in Asia and South America.
 Negative Impact- After Brexit, it has negative impact on performance of Ford as it
has to lose access in case of free trade agreements with European countries
which leads to decline of demand of market.
Economic Factors- This is defined as factors that helps in determining economy
performance of country which includes inflation rates, economic growth, exchange
rates, disposable income of consumers and so on (Ford Pestle Analysis, 2019). It
affects purchasing power of consumers at marketplace. In context of Ford, it has
advantages as well as disadvantages which are as follows: Positive Impact- It is possible for Ford to do trade of luxury as well as commercial
products at global market for gaining more profitability and sustainability.
 Negative Impact- It impact on negative way to Ford as international trade
minimizes market share and sales due to slump with car sales.
Social Factors- This determines demographical norms, values, customs and
characteristics of people in which business activities and operations are working. It
include age, population growth rate, career attitudes, income, gender and many more
(May, 2019). This has both positive as well as negative impact on Ford such as: Positive Impact- This helps respective organisation to launch different types of
hybrid cars categories and became major player in hybrid car segment.
 Negative Impact- There are large number of competitors of Ford due to which it
is unable to catch attention of large number of customers that reduced sales.
Technological Factors- This factors affect operations of industry and market in
favourable and unfavourable conditions (Prajogo, 2016). It refers level of innovation,
technology, automation, technological change, research & development and many
more. The new cars are manufactured with automatic windows, rear view cameras and
many more.

 Positive Impact- Ford manufacture eco friendly cars, driverless cars in order to
enhance profits and market shares.
 Negative Impact- Ford has invested more than £ 1 billion for doing investigation
on autonomous vehicles that has declines profits.
Legal Factors- It is defined as those legal factors in which activities and
operations of business are run in legal and effective way. This includes advertising
standards, consumer right and law and so on. The respective organisation can increase
their business and align with regulations in order to provide safe working environment
and design of products. Positive Impact- This helps Ford to design products and provide safe
environment related with legal law and regulations to protect themselves from
competitors.
 Negative Impact- The respective organisation has faulty parts of vehicles such as
airbags, systems and others.
Environmental Factors- This include various laws related with environment
such as eco-friendly products, weather and so on (Quinlan and et. al., 2019). The auto-
mobile organisation is shifted towards eco-friendly where Ford uses fusion hybrid and
focus on electric models. Positive Impact- Fords focus in manufacturing electric cars in order to reduce
consumption of fuel and safeguarding environment from population. It leads to
enhance reputation as well as brand value in mind of customers.
 Negative Impact- In case of not manufacturing eco-friendly products and
services, it cannot compete with competitors and unable to fulfils need and
demand of consumers.
Evaluation of the impacts that both macro and micro factors have upon business
objectives and decision-making
SWOT analysis is a framework which is applied by the business to analysis a
company's competitive position and according to that create effective strategic planning.
The analysis helps in identifying internal as well as external factors and current as well
as future potential outcomes. In order to analysis macro and micro environment of