Business Environment Analysis: Tesco and Business Functions

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the business environment, primarily focusing on Tesco, a prominent private sector organization, alongside discussions on public and voluntary sector organizations. It delves into the varied types of organizations, their purposes, and legal structures, examining their size and scope. The report explores the interrelationships between different business functions and how they contribute to organizational structuring and functioning. Furthermore, it assesses the benefits and drawbacks of the macro environment on business activities, utilizing PESTLE and SWOT analyses to evaluate both public and private sector organizations. The interrelationship of external business factors with company strengths and weaknesses is also examined, providing a holistic view of the business environment and its impact on organizational strategy and performance. The report is structured to provide insights into the operations of Tesco, NHS and Oxfam, and offers a detailed understanding of the factors influencing their success within the business environment.

BUSINESS AND BUSINESS
ENVIRONMENT

Contents
Table of Contents
To, North West London Chamber of Commerce.........................................................................................3
From, XYX, Business Analyst......................................................................................................................3
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1 .....................................................................................................................................................3
P1. Varied kind of organisations including their Purposes and Lawful Structures...................................3
P2 mention about Size & Scope for distinct types of business firms........................................................7
TASK 2..........................................................................................................................................................9
P3. Interrelationship among different business Functions and link it with Organisational structuring
and functioning........................................................................................................................................9
TASK 3........................................................................................................................................................12
P4 Benefit and Drawback of macro environment on business activities of a firm.................................12
TASK 4........................................................................................................................................................15
P5. SWOT Analysis of Both Public and Private Sector Organisation.......................................................15
P6. Interrelationship of External business Factors with the weaknesses and strengths of company....16
CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................................16
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................................17

To, North West London Chamber of Commerce
From, XYX, Business Analyst
“To help TESCO and prospective businesses to be more successful in their business
ventures”
INTRODUCTION
Business environment is defined as a situation in which business of an organisation
survives and sustains in marketplace so that high revenues can be earned. It includes
technologies, suppliers, market conditions, investors, rivals and other aspects which impacts an
organizational business in any manner (Andersson, Forsgren and Holm, 2015). There are
different types of business firm like public, voluntary and private companies which have
different scope and vision but main aim of these firms is to retain their customers for maximum
time period. This assignment is prepared in context with TESCO which is a UK based private
organisation offering grocery products to their customers. Also, some information will be
provided about public and voluntary organisation. This report will also discuss about the scope,
mission, vision, background, products and services offered by this firm. Also, interrelation
among organizational departments is carried out. At last, with the help of PESTLE and SWOT,
macro & micro environment of business will be analyzed in a detailed manner.
TASK 1
P1. Varied kind of organisations including their Purposes and Lawful Structures
Business organisation is stated as a group of human association that is established for
attaining goals and targets so that high outcomes can be gained. Main aim of these firms is to
either earn maximised\profits or satisfying the urges of people via social care and benefits.
Below is mentioned some information about different kind of organisations existing in business
environment:
Public Sector Organizations: This sector involves those companies that are financed and
owned by government and their officials on the behalf of common people. Main purpose of these
firm is to help common people of society in sustaining a good life. For example, NHS. It is a
central government owned public sector organisation.

Purpose: Main purpose of public firms is to offer health care service to common people by using
available resources in optimal manner.
Legal structure:
 Central government: It gather funds from individuals in the form of public tax. This
government operates business organisation in entire country.
 Local government: This government collect money from people as council tax and they
manage affairs of people within towns, cities and local area.
 State government: They have power to manage the affairs of entire state and possess
specific power which is applicable on certain fields.
Private sector organisations: This sector involves those firms that are established and
maintained by private enterprises or individuals. These firms can either managed by a single
individuals or in partnership. For instance, TESCO which is a PLC operating in global manner,
mainly in US, UK and other European nation (Boons and Lüdeke-Freund, 2013).
Purpose: Aim of these companies is to earn maximized revenues and profits so that big
advantage over rivals can be attained without any complexities.
Legal Structures:
 Sole proprietorship: Under this legal structure, a person manages and own business
individually in hope to earn high sales and profits. To operate as a sole proprietor, a
person requires licence from local government. In this an individual provides goods and
services to the client with the motive of earning profits.
 Partnership: It is an association of people which manage a business and share profits as
per their stocks. To work in partnership, people are required to sign a contract where they
decided to pay debts or share profits as per their agreed proportions. A partnership is a
kind of organisation that have more than one individual. The legal obligations within
partnership are similar to sole trader.
 Limited Company: In order to became limited company, these firms are needed to
register themselves. Profits of these firms, belong to the organisation rather than
shareholders. These firms have to pay corporate tax every year on their earned profit. For
example, TESCO is a public limited company. The organisation require to be certified to
become a limited company. Shareholders acquire the profits in the form of dividend.

Voluntary organisations: These firms include a group of people which are willing to work
together so that their common objective can be fulfilled without any compromise. One example
is Oxfam which is a charity firm works to reduce poverty among common people (Chetwood and
et. Al, 2014).
Purpose: Maim aim of these firms is to offer facilities and welfare to the people in free so that
they can live a healthy life without facing the shortage of money.
Legal structure:
 Trust: It is not a legal entity that means these firms do not enter in any agreement but
fulfil the needs of people as per their goals. Oxfam is a trust based voluntary
organisation.
 Association: These firms are also not a legal entity but they entered into an agreement
and works in accordance with that to serves the requirements of people.
Growth of International Business Environment
As multiple company operates in same field and offer same products, domestic market
reaches to a saturation state were customers do not prefer to buy services and products of a
company. To overcome this situation, business firms have started their business operations in
international market. This allow them to satisfy the urge of maximised customer base due to
which reaching business targets became busy. Also, to became popular in global manner,
business firms do internal businesses and this enhances the growth of international business in
global context (Deasy and et. al., 2016).
Classification of business environment as small organizations, medium organizations and
large scale organizations
Business environment is defined as various factors that affect working and functioning of
the company. There are different types of business environment present in market. These
includes small organizations, medium organizations and large scale organizations. These are
described below -
 Small scale organizations- These are small scale enterprises which have limited number
of employees and a limited flow of materials and finance. An industry sector matters a
lot. When companies have around 250 person working in the company, it is considered as
small scale organization.

 Micro-enterprise: fewer than 10 employees and an annual sales below 2 million.
 Small enterprise: fewer than 50 employees and an annual sales below 10 million. Medium-sized enterprise: fewer than 250 employees and sales below 50 million.
Medium scale organizations – A medium scale business is sandwiched between small and large
scale organizations. It does not get benefits of small scale enterprise and large enterprises.
 large scale organizations – These are those industries which require huge manpower and
infrastructure. Large scale organizations produce capital and basic goods like machines,
instruments, chemicals, etc. These organizations are capable of funding for research and
development of new technologies.
Reasons for growth in size for organizations
Business organizations must opt for growth because of many reasons. The main motive
of operating business is to earn more profits. Some of the reasons are given below -
Business aspirations and objectives – Before starting any business, the main objective of it to
earn money or profit. Some business owners desire recognition or image. Thus, the main reason
of doing any business is to have an objective of business. If there is no objective, there is no
growth. The small scale enterprise must have an objective to work hard and make their business
medium scale or large scale. This is possible by globalization or entering into foreign markets
(Georgescu and Popescul, 2015).
It is essential to maintain market share against competitors- This is seen that market share can
be increased if companies want to expand their business at global level.
Profits are increased and capacity is enhanced to be competitive- Profit maximization is
another reason for expanding business organization.
Benefits of economies of scale in negotiations, buying and selling – When companies are
involved in expanding their business scale, then it will definitely help economy of the country.
Companies can have higher efficiency and productivity in expansion of business. This increases
ability of companions to diversify and innovate their products.
Reasons for organizations to stay small are mentioned below

 Objectives of business owners – Some owners do not have that vision to expand their
business at large scale.
 Legal formality for growth of organization
 Complexity in managing big business organizations
 Maintain the niche market and enhance efficiency
P2 mention about Size & Scope for distinct types of business firms
There exists different type of companies i.e. public, voluntary and private firms that have
different purpose, scope, mission and vision. Structure, working and size of these companies also
varies from one another which is depicted below:
NHS: National health service is a UK based public organisation that provide health care
facilities to the people of nation.
 Product and services: This firm provides healthcare facilities and services such as
medical care, ears test, eye tests or other health treatments to citizens of nation in free.
 Size and scope: This firm have more than 200 clinic and health centres in UK and other
regions which are managed by around 1.5 million service providers. Scope and size of
NHS is wide as the firm spends around 115 billion pounds each year to offer services to
needy people.
 Vision and mission: Vision of firm is to provide free medical services to needy people in
and outside UK. Mission of company is to connect with those service providers that are
ready to offer free service to people without charging them money.
 Business objective: Prime objective of firm is to provide emergency treatment and
services to individuals without charging them minimum amount (Gilboy, 2016).
 Stakeholders: Main stakeholders of NHS are their investors, service providers, local
community, patients etc.
TESCO PLC: It is a PLC that is established around 100 years back and provide grocery
& other daily use products to customers in genuine price.
 Product and Services: The products which are provided by TESCO are grocery items,
non-household products like electronics, books, clothes etc.

 Size and scope: Company is one of the biggest retailer in terms of supermarket and
operates more than 6800 stores in global context and employing around 4,00,000
employees worldwide. Company have high scope in offering processed and frozen food
as people will buy them more to reduce their cooking work.
 Vision and mission: Main mission of company is to earn maximised profits against
rivals and vision of firm is to provide high quality of products to their customers by
charging limited amount (Hilton and Platt, 2013).
 Business Objectives: Major aim to company is to offer discounts to customers so that
company can get high sales without any difficulties.
 Stakeholder: Stakeholders of Tesco includes investors, employees and suppliers who
supply products to Tesco for selling.
OXFAM: It is a non-profit group that works to reduce the impact of natural disasters and
poverty on the lives of people.
 Product and Services: This organisation offers health services so that life of people will
be minimum impacted by poverty, natural disaster’s etc.
 Size and scope: Oxfam operates in around 94 nations and have partnership with around
2000 local partners. As this firm has more than 50,000 volunteers in global context due to
which scope of this firm is high.
 Vision and mission: Vision of company is to treat common people without any partiality
so that issues like poverty can be tackled properly. Mission of the firm is to collect
maximum funds for charity purpose (Brown, 2018).
 Business Objectives: Main objective of firm is to offer good opportunities to needy
people so that they can live a comfortable life.
 Stakeholders: Trustees of Oxfam, suppliers, staff and their volunteers are included in
stakeholders of Oxfam.
International companies are importers and exporters, they have no investment outside of their
home country. Dell EMC is an international organisation.

Multinational companies invests in varied nations, but do not posses same product offerings in
all of the countries. More focused on adapting their products and service to each individual local
market.TESCO is a multinational company in UK.
Global companies have invested and are present in many countries. They market their products
through the use of the same coordinated image/brand in all markets. An corporate office is
responsible for global strategy. This focuses on volume, cost management and efficiency. H&M
is a global organisation in United Kingdom.
Transnational companies are much more complex organizations. They have invested in foreign
operations, have a central corporate facility but give effective decision-making. McDonald is a
transactional corporation in UK.
TASK 2
P3. Interrelationship among different business Functions and link it with Organisational
structuring and functioning
There are different organisational functions within an organisation irrespective of the type
whether private or public who performs different but important roles for the achievement of
organisational goals and objectives. These departments include HR, Human resource, marketing
etc. which are interlinked with each other while performing their allotted task. Here, are such
interrelationship between these departments:
. Marketing and Human Resource Department: Marketing division is profoundly
subject to HR office for their advertising faculty for different promotional activities as HR
division have duty to recruit best marketing candidates who can bring new and innovative ideas
to promote company’s products in the market. The best possible coordination between these two
branches of Tesco prompts increment in promotional activities which further aides in
productivity of business.
Production Department and R & D Department: Role of production department is to produce
goods which are needed by company to offer their customers whereas R&D department finds out
different ways by which production can be carried out by firm without spending extra costs.

Hence, these departments heavily depend on each other for smooth working at TESCO (Ren and
et. al., 2017).
IT Department and Finance Department: IT division ensures that every office gets the
data at perfect time and ideal spot. IT department of Tesco require funds to perform their
business activities and operations which are provided by finance department. Whereas IT
department of company helps Finance department in automating their complex work due to
which organisational activities are completed within time. Without having adequate amount of
funds, it is hard for the IT department to redesign the product. Their reliance on one another
guarantees higher benefit by selling Tesco's products and services.
Organisational Structures of Public and Private Sector Organisations
Hierarchical Organizational Structure: It is a kind of association structure where chains of
command arrange the individuals into divisions. In this structure, authority travels from top to
bottom. NHS pursues hierarchical structure wherein hierarchy are dispersed in an order which
incorporates NHS Trust, Executive Board, Executive Team and Management Board.
Dvisional Organization Structure: It is a structure each department or division has one
supervisor of the department because of increased tasks and workload. For Example: TESCO
pursues divisional structure where there are varied group for different tasks. Each group
comprise of individuals from same division but different units. TESCO utilizes expertise of
various individuals to have interconnectivity in their different retail stores (Teng, Thekdi and
Lambert, 2012)
.

Figure 1: Divisional Organisation Structure
(Source: Divisional Organisation Structure, 2018)
Organisational structure : This is defined as system which provides information about how the
activities and tasks are performed within the business. This explains flow of authentic
information and data, roles & duties etc. There are different organizations which have to adopt
organizational structures that helps in managing business activities. These are divisional, matrix,
functional etc.
Divisional structure : According to this structure, functions of the organization have their own
division and this helps in flow of tasks and operations effectively.
Illustration 1: Divisional Structure

(Source : Organisational structure, 2019 )
Matrix structure : According to this, the relationship between managers and juniors are in the
form of grids or matrix.
Illustration 2: Matrix Structure
Functional structure : This is organizational structure in which organization is divided into
smaller groups and these are assigned to different individuals.
TASK 3
P4 Benefit and Drawback of macro environment on business activities of a firm
PESTLE analysis is a framework which benefits a company in analysing the macro
environment of region in which a company is operating. Macro environment involves aspects
like political factors, social aspect, technology, legal, economic and environmental factors etc.
This framework is mentioned below in context with NHS and TESCO:
PESTLE analysis on TESCO
 Political factor: These factors are related with the government intervention in working of
a business. These factors include corporate tax, government policies and regulations. UK

is a political stable country where there is no strict regulations for multinational retailer.
This impacts TESCO is positive manner but due to Brexit, large organisations has
impacted negatively. This factor is not in favour of TESCO.
 Economic factors: People in UK have disposable income due to which they are able to
buy products of TESCO without any complexities. Due to high GDP, low interest rate
etc. purchasing power of people is more. This aspect is in favour o TESCO but because
of great recession of 2018, inflation rates have increased which can impact concerned
company in negative manner.
 Social factor: These aspects are linked with the society and their beliefs, taste value,
attitude and opinions. People in UK have high living standard due to which they prefer to
use good quality products. Offerings of TESCO is of good quality which favours the
company in UK but due to regular change in taste and opinions of people, products
provided by TESCO can become outdated. This can impact TESCO in negative manner
(Sekaran and Bougie, 2016).
 Technological factors: These factors are linked to innovation and technological
advancement. UK is a technologically advanced nation where people prefers to do online
shopping and digital search if they wish to buy products. In this context, TESCO is
needed to update their technology on regular basis otherwise, customers can shift their
preference towards the product of other companies.
 Legal factors: UK is a developed country where rules and regulations are followed in a
strictly manner. There are different legal aspects like employment laws, company law,
contract law etc. TESCO follows all the laws due to which company is operating and
earning high profits in UK without any restrictions. If TESCO will not follow legal laws
in proper manner, then they will have to pay high fines and penalties to victim. This will
reduce the productivity of company within marketplace.
 Environmental factors: This factor is concerned with preserving environment and
ecology from ill-activities of a business firm. TESCO is a big organisation which
sincerely follows their corporate social responsibility and sustainable policies. Due to
this, firm do not perform any activity which can harm nature in negative manner. Strict

environmental regulations of government in future can act as a barrier in smooth working
of company and can impact their revenues in a negative manner.
PESTLE analysis on NHS
 Political factors: It is related with the interference of government and changes in
political scenario of country. NHS is a public organisation which is managed by
governmental officials. Due to this, rules and regulations of government is in favour of
NHS but corruption within government to satisfy their personal needs can impact NHS in
a negative manner.
 Economic factors: People of UK are independent and earns good livelihood due to
which they prefer to have treatment from private doctors if they are not feeling well. This
reduces the popularity of NHS in the region. But there are different people which do not
earn good income, these people dependent on NHS for their health and NHS provide
them best facilities. This factor favours NHS in UK’s business environment (Türetken
and et. al., 2011).
 Social factors: These aspects relate with the lifestyle, culture, value and morals of
people. In UK, people have high morale due to which they appreciate the initiative of
NHS in positive manner. This factor allows NHS to operate in UK in appreciable manner.
High class in UK, prefers to get treated either at big hospitals or in other country which
reduces the effectiveness of NHS in UK.
 Technological factors: UK is technologically developed country where people do not
send much time in taking appointments by standing in queue. Even, people of UK prefers
consultations with doctors via online apps and sites. NHS is a public firm which offer
medical treatment to people of every class. NHS is required to update their technology so
that maximum people can join with them otherwise mission and vision of company will
be impacted in negative way.
 Legal factors: NHS is a government managed firm which follows all legal policies and
rules prevailed in UK. Due to this, NHS has positive reputation in the minds of people
but due to BREXIT, issues in Britain and non-Britain population has increased due to
which following legal laws became difficult.

 Environmental factors: These factors are associated with the perseverance of nature
and environment. NHS is a public organisation which offer medical facilities to needy
people in less price. Company follow all environmental norms as their sustainability
responsibility. Hence, this factor is in favour of company. If NHS will break
environmental laws, bad reputation of company can impact it in negative manner.
TASK 4
P5. SWOT Analysis of Both Public and Private Sector Organisation
SWOT on TESCO
Strengths Weaknesses
 Company offers excellent customer
services and shopping experience to
their customers.
 TESCO has global recognitions due
to high brand equity (Yu and
Ramanathan, 2013).
 TESCO is highly dependent on UK and
other European countries for its earning
rather than operating globally.
 Marketing strategy of company is
weak.
Opportunities Threats
 Company can increase its presence in
Asian market to earn more profits.
 Increasing online presence will
benefits TESCO in retaining their
customer base for maximum time.
 Rising cost of raw material impacts the
profits of company in negative manner.
 Other retailers like ALDI are giving
tough competition to TESCO in terms
of sales and revenues.
SWOT on NHS
Strengths Weaknesses
 Good CQC report that evidences
delivery of high quality services.
 Committed, engaged and loyal
workforce which deliver their best
efforts while helping people.
 Underlying financial deficit.
 Staffing cost is high due to which
budget prepared to treat customers gets
impacted (Deshpande, 2018).
Opportunities Threats
 Company can increase its presence
in social media so that maximum
people can acknowledge their
services.
 New ownership structure for NHS
property acts as a threat to the working
of company.

P6. Interrelationship of External business Factors with the weaknesses and strengths of company
Here, interrelation among micro and macro factors is discussed in case of TESCO so that
business organisation can be take right decisions. Information in this respect is discussed below:
Political factors: These aspects are concerned with government policies and regulations along
with their interference in the working of organisations. Strength: UK is highly stable country in
relation to politics because of which concerned can serve their customers in right manner.
Weakness: Due to benefits in UK, this company is not given emphasis on Asian and African
market.
Economic factors: This factor relates to GDP, inflation, purchasing power and interest rates,
currency fluctuations etc. Strengths: High disposable income of UK population benefits the
organisation in achieving high brand equity to Tesco. Weaknesses: Because of increased cost in
delivery, distribution of products and salary of worker, marketing strategy of firm remains weak
(Argyris, 2017).
Social factors: This associates to the culture choice and opinion of the people resides in a region.
Strengths: UK population prefers to do online shipping and high presence of firm over the
social and digital media is biggest advantage. Weakness: People can refer the offerings and
products of rival organisations because of attractive offers and discounts.
Technological factors: This relates to technological updating of company in the field where it is
operating. Strengths: Technology will benefits the TESCO to enhance their range in Asian
market due to which high profits and revenues can be overcome. Weaknesses: Because of the
lack in technology and automation, market strategy of company is weak.
CONCLUSION
As per above specified report, it can be comprehended that all business firms have
different purpose, objectives, size and mission. Appropriate coordination in each departments of
businesses benefits in achieving long term goals and objectives. Macro factors influencing a
business had both positive & negative effect on their functioning. Tesco PLC follows divisional
organization structure that assures a smooth business activities and operation so that probability
and larger market share can be acquired.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Andersson, U., Forsgren, M. and Holm, U., 2015. Balancing subsidiary influence in the
federative MNC: A business network view. In Knowledge, Networks and Power (pp.
393-420).
Boons, F. and Lüdeke-Freund, F., 2013. Business models for sustainable innovation: state-of-
the-art and steps towards a research agenda. Journal of Cleaner production. 45.pp.9-19.
Chetwood, M. K. and et. Al, 2014. Transforming a legacy IT infrastructure into an on-demand
operating environment. U.S. Patent 8,775,232.
Deasy, S. and et. al., 2016. Controlling use of a business environment on a mobile device. U.S.
Patent 9,247,042.
Georgescu, M. and Popescul, D., 2015. Social Media–the new paradigm of collaboration and
communication for business environment. Procedia Economics and Finance. 20.
pp.277-282.
Gilboy, G. J., 2016. The myth behind China's miracle. In SEEKING CHANGES: The Economic
Development in Contemporary China (pp. 1-16).
Hilton, R. W. and Platt, D. E., 2013. Managerial accounting: creating value in a dynamic
business environment. McGraw-Hill Education.Palgrave Macmillan, London.
Palgrave Macmillan, London.Brown, R. A., 2018. Chinese business enterprise in Asia.
Routledge.
Ren, S. and et. al., 2017. Modelling quality dynamics, business value and firm performance in a
big data analytics environment. International Journal of Production Research. 55(17).
pp.5011-5026.pp.23-34.
Sekaran, U. and Bougie, R., 2016. Research methods for business: A skill building approach.
John Wiley & Sons.
Türetken, O., and et. al., 2011, June. Enforcing compliance on business processes through the
use of patterns. In ECIS (p. 5).
Yu, W. and Ramanathan, R., 2013. Business environment, employee competencies and
operations strategy: anempirical study of retail firms in China. IMA Journal of
Management Mathematics. 24(2). pp.231-252.
Online
Business environment. 2018. [Online]. Available through:
<http://www.investorwords.com/19252/business_environment.html>.