Business Research Methods & Data Analysis Report: Expatriate Studies

This report provides an analysis of business research methods and data analysis, focusing on studies related to expatriates. It examines two key articles: one investigating the motivation and adjustment of self-initiated expatriate academics in South Korea and the other exploring the factors influencing expatriate effectiveness, such as subsidiary support and cultural distance. The report discusses the use of primary and secondary data, including surveys and interviews, and details the analytical methods employed, such as hierarchical linear modeling and qualitative data analysis. Data presentation techniques, including flowcharts and tables, are also described. The findings aim to provide insights for organizations hiring expatriates and for expatriate scholars, highlighting the complexities of international assignments and the importance of cultural adaptation and support. The report emphasizes the use of both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies to understand the multifaceted aspects of expatriate experiences and their impact on business outcomes.

Running Head: BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS & DATA ANALYSIS
Business Research Methods & Data Analysis
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Collaborative Debate:
Research Approaches
According to Froese (2012), globalization and universal work portability have given
chance to profoundly qualified individuals to work in any nation they want. Individuals who
make proper use of this chance is termed as 'self-initiated expatriates' (SIE). This “Motivation
and adjustment of self-initiated expatriates: The case of expatriate academics in South Korea.”
investigates the inspiration and culturally diverse modification of exactly thirty number of SIE
scholastics in South Korea (Froese 2012). Respondents involved in this investigation were
persuaded to expatriate by yearning for universal experience, alluring employment conditions,
family ties, and miserable employment opportunities in their nations of origin; a large portion of
participants of this investigation were composed. In light of discoveries, the article proposes a
theoretical structure connecting inspiration and multifaceted modification of expatriates.
According to Chen et al. (2010), passing from accentuation on singular level stress forms
in earlier expatriate investigation, this particular research build up a multilevel representation of
expatriate culturally diverse inspiration and adequacy (inspiration and viability relating to
multifaceted settings) which consolidates impacts of overseas subsidiary– level characteristics.
Examinations of multiple source and multilevel information gathered from 556 expatriates in 31
foreign auxiliaries demonstrated that expatriate multifaceted inspiration was all the more
emphatically identified with work modification (Chen et al. 2010). Moreover, adjustments in
sphere of work was probably going to intercede positive connection between culturally diverse
inspiration and occupational performance, when expatriates [considered in this research] were

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doled out to outside auxiliaries marked by bring lesser levels of cultural distance and auxiliary
support.
Use of Primary and Secondary Data
In “When does cross-cultural motivation enhance expatriate effectiveness? A multilevel
investigation of the moderating roles of subsidiary support and cultural distance.” data had been
collected from 500 US based multinational companies of energy industry, which supplies
expatriates around the globe (Chen et al. 2010). 1028 expatriates were contacted through email
for the purpose of this survey and they wrote mainly experiences of international aspects and
assignments. Certain measures had been adopted for the purpose of the survey, they are as
follows: ‘expatriate cross-cultural motivation’, ‘expatriate work adjustment’, ‘expatriate job
performance’, ‘subsidiary support’ and ‘cultural distance’ (Chen et al. 2010). The ‘GLOBE’
project had also been utilized for the purpose of analyzing cultural differences.
In “Motivation and adjustment of self-initiated expatriates: The case of expatriate
academics in South Korea.”, interviews were recorded, completely transliterated and
consequently transformed into qualitative data analysis presentation (Froese 2012). A software
too had been implemented for the purpose of coding, investigation and drawing out of significant
aspects of the qualitative information.
Analysis
Owing to multilevel nature of data in “When does cross-cultural motivation enhance
expatriate effectiveness? A multilevel investigation of the moderating roles of subsidiary support
and cultural distance.”, hypotheses was analyzed utilizing ‘Hierarchical Linear Modeling’

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[HLM]; Confirmatory Factor Analyses [CFA] was also conducted based on seven measures
provided by expatriates (Chen et al. 2010).
In “Motivation and adjustment of self-initiated expatriates: The case of expatriate
academics in South Korea.”, information had been carefully scrutinized by researchers.
Furthermore, utilizing a procedure of examination and evaluating information had been
structured and classified under certain analytical themes, which had been quantified for
regularity of incidence. According to reactions, the respondents were classified as ‘satisfied’,
‘somewhat satisfied and ‘dissatisfied’ (Froese 2012).
Presentation of Data
Data presented in “When does cross-cultural motivation enhance expatriate
effectiveness? A multilevel investigation of the moderating roles of subsidiary support and
cultural distance.”, progress towards establishing influencers of expatriate effectiveness.
Flowchart and tables had been implemented for the purpose of proper comprehension of methods
of analyzing data and factors affecting expatriation (Chen et al. 2010).
Data presentation in “Motivation and adjustment of self-initiated expatriates: The case of
expatriate academics in South Korea.”, aim at providing aid for local associations involved in
hiring expatriates and additionally for expatriate scholars (Froese 2012).
.

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References
Chen, G., Kirkman, B.L., Kim, K., Farh, C.I. and Tangirala, S., 2010. When does cross-cultural
motivation enhance expatriate effectiveness? A multilevel investigation of the moderating roles
of subsidiary support and cultural distance. Academy of Management Journal, 53(5), pp.1110-
1130.
Froese, F.J., 2012. Motivation and adjustment of self-initiated expatriates: The case of expatriate
academics in South Korea. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(6),
pp.1095-1112.