University Business and Human Rights Literature Review Assessment

This literature review examines the intersection of International Business (IB) and Human Rights, focusing on the research agenda proposed in the article. It highlights the challenges posed by climate change, poverty, and inequality, and how multinational enterprises (MNEs) navigate cross-border strategies and business models. The review discusses key concepts such as the Integrative Social Contract theory, the role of CSR policies, and the impact of emerging technologies like AI. It also delves into the anatomy of corporate wrongdoing and the rise of emerging markets, emphasizing the importance of innovation, responsibility innovation, and the decoupling and re-coupling of human rights infrastructure. The review references key scholars and their contributions to understanding the complexities of BHR within the context of globalization.

Assessment Task 1: Literature Review
In the article, there has been a proper discussion on human rights thriving out of the International
Business. There are different perspectives of the article which aims to provide a complete
guidance to the IB (International Business) scholars who are interested in engaging with the
business and human rights (Giuliani, 2018). The challenges included by the author highlight not
only to the posing by the climate change, migration but also the problems of poverty and
inequality in the world. The transnational phenomenon affects the societies in the different
number of ways which are likely to affect the complete formulation about how the firms tend to
handle the cross-border strategies as well as the business models. The large scale MNEs are
exerting pressure over the global governance where there is a need to find a solution for all the
global problems.
The IB theory generally contributes towards the advancement of the allied social sciences where
the perspectives are defined through involvement in and contributing towards the BHR
discussion. The article also includes the discussion on “Integrative social Contract theory” which
has been proposed for overviewing the applications and aiming at the reconciling of the
transcultural values with society local norms (Boddewyn, 2016). The substantial theory is to
highlight the management with focusing on the “smart matrix” connection of soft and hard
measures to regulate the corporate human right impacts. The understanding is about emerging
new technologies for the innovation where the technology like artificial intelligence is likely
going to affect the different dimensions of IB.
The author also mentions about the CSR policies by outlining the focus on the emerging markets
and MNEs. There have been distinctive broader decision on how the theory has been able to
focus on clarifying the potential bases for the different legal and the human rights accountability.
Considering the works which are CSR oriented, there are systematic inquiry which are related to
legal human rights accountability of corporations (Burley, 2017). It leads to broadening the
scope of the non-legal foundations for the human rights responsibility.
However, the article highlights on profound transformation at the political level and planning for
the positive and negative terms. BHR discussions are made to highlight the entrepreneurial
activity and innovation which is not only considered important as drivers of corporate financial
performance but also for the societal development (Kolk, 2016). The innovation and its

interaction with new technologies help in linking IB and BHR which are able to handle the
relevance of responsibility innovation. The anatomy of corporate wrongdoing highlights on the
managerial discussions on MNEs which corners about the harmful impacts of cross-rational
operations. The connections are made to understand the organizational mechanisms that facilitate
the corporate wrongdoing which is considered of utmost importance and value.
The author has been able to successfully propose about the rise of emerging markets and how
there is a exploration of diversity to work in organization with specific characteristics of the
market and market behavior. The extending knowledge and research highlights on decoupling
and re-coupling to the different domains of human rights infrastructure.

References
Boddewyn, J.J., 2016. International business–government relations research 1945–2015:
Concepts, typologies, theories and methodologies. Journal of World Business, 51(1), pp.10-22.
Burley, A.M.S., 2017. International law and international relations theory: a dual agenda. In The
Nature of International Law (pp. 11-46). Routledge.
Giuliani, E., 2018. International business and human rights: A research agenda. Journal of World
Business 54 (2019) 54–65
Kolk, A., 2016. The social responsibility of international business: From ethics and the
environment to CSR and sustainable development. Journal of World Business, 51(1), pp.23-34.