Business Law Case Study: Contract Law and Court System Analysis

This case study analyzes a business law scenario presented to Legal London Ltd, focusing on two key reports. The first report provides an overview of statute and case law, explaining their nature and application within the UK court system, including the Supreme Court, Court of Appeal, High Court, County Court, Family Court, Crown Court, and Magistrates' Court. The second report delves into the legal position of Seed Store Ltd in a case involving Print Fast Ltd, examining the formation of a valid contract, the distinction between an offer and an invitation to treat, the validity of electronic communication in contract formation, the intention to create legal relations, and the various ways a contract can be terminated, including breach, impossibility, completion, and unenforceability. The assignment concludes with an evaluation of the legal principles involved and their practical application to the case.

Business Law
Case Study

Table of Contents
PROJECT 1......................................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
1. REPORT: NATURE OF STATUTE AND CASE LAW AND COURT SYSTEM...................1
2. REPORT: LEGAL POSITION OF SEED AND APPLICATION OF PROVISION OF
CONTRACT LAW..........................................................................................................................1

PROJECT 1
INTRODUCTION
Business law is one of the section of the legal system of a nation. This defines the laws
and courts that governs its business operations. The legislation under the ambit of business law
are employment, contract, health and safety laws and others. For the present assignment a case
file is presented to the client of Legal London Ltd. This file contains two different reports, in
which first one explains the natures of status and case law and their applicability in the justice
court. In the second report, given case of Print Fast Ltd v Seed Store Ltd is evaluated with
presenting advise of Seed with outlining its legal position. At the end, after both repost a brief
conclusion of whole assignment is presented.
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1. REPORT: NATURE OF STATUTE AND CASE LAW AND COURT
SYSTEM
To, the Client
Date:
Subject: To present nature of different laws and their application in justice court.
From: Business legal adviser (Legal London Ltd)
Sir/Madam
In this report detailed knowledge and discussion over the different laws that is statute and
common law is presents. Along with this is also defined that how the laws are applied in the
criminal and civil cases. Also, the court structure of UK is defined in this report to give broad
knowledge over the law and justice system of the UK.
Nature of different laws:
Statute law:
The statue law or the legislation care the acts and laws made through the act of
parliament and getting a Royal assent from the monarch. The status laws have a mandatory
application in courts and judges are strictly required to abide by all such laws and legislations.
There are many laws which are mad by the parliament for instance, the Equality act 2010, Health
and safety act 1974, Employment Rights act, 1986, contract act, 1999, companies act 200,
Criminal law Act,1967, Criminal damages act, 1971 and many more (Mohammadi, 2015). The
power of all the act made through parliament is such that no one raise a question over its
authenticity and applicability. If there is a confusion in understanding or interpreting a law there
are many internal and external aids for interpretation of the law. This includes long titles,
marginal notes, dictionaries, hansards, judicial decisions and others. With help of all these laws
are applied in case to give ruling but no one can raise a question over application of the law.
Case law:
The decision given under various cases becomes laws under the UK legal system through
the doctrine of judicial precedents. The ruling gets a binding effect through this doctrine and
becomes a law which the courts and the judges are required to refer in deciding the case of same
nature having similar subject matter. The rulings made with use of previous decisions becomes
the case law. The case is generally very jurisdiction specific (Case Law - Common Law, 2018).
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In the UK it varies as per the court structure, this means a decision of higher court must be
refereed by a lower court in deciding a law suit with same subject matter.
Application of both Laws in civil and criminal cases:
The statue laws are applied in the justice court for pronouncing a decision over criminal
and civil cases. The criminal cases are of more serious natures where the punished, and remedies
are given as per the laws made in this context. This includes Criminal law Act,1967, Criminal
damages act, 1971. The civil cases include disputes related with civil wring done to a person.
The dispute can be over tort, negligence, breach of contract, companies matters and others. The
laws applicable in this regard are the bunch of employment law, the contract law, company laws
and others. All this act over civil and criminal matters are referred by the court to decide the
case. Also, over each case the internal and external aids are used by the judges to interpret the
provisions of the legislations.
The case laws are the applied in the civil and criminal matters as a synthesizing the
principles of those past cases as applicable to the current facts of a given case. A case with
similar dispute if solved in the past, the court is bound to follow the reasoning used in those
cases for giving the present decision. The cases laws are referred by the courts where there is an
ambiguity over the application of a specific statue law. Also, the cases earlier decided with same
matters of dispute are also referred although there have been identification and applicability of a
legislation. Such in the case of Pimlico plumber the decision of Uber v Aslam was referred.
The court system of UK:
The court stricture of UK includes different courts to decide over the matters of civil and
criminal nature and give rulings over the case laws:
The Supreme court:
This is the highest court authority in the UK and final court of appeal. The appeals from
all of the UK is heard here over both civil and criminal matters. The appeals are made from the
decisions of courts of appeals and certain cases of high court.
Privy council is also there which consist of supreme courts and some senior common
wealth judges to here our final appeal for certain specified cases.
The court of Appeal:
This courts comprise the seniors courts and hears out the appeal in the appellate court.
This is divided into tow sections of civil and criminal and appeals of related matters is heard
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under respective department.
The high court:
This courts hears case of more serious and complex family and civil cases. Its division
are Queens Bench, Chancery and Family courts (Court structure and hierarchy, 2018). The
Queens bench is the biggest of all three division and includes cases of technology, construction,
commercial nature, mercantile and admiralty. The Chancery division deals with company law,
partnership claims, land, property and taxation. The family division hears out the cases related
with divorce, child custody and domestic violence.
The County court:
There are approx 160 county courts in UK and there hear out the cases falling under their
jurisdiction. The court deals with cases of civil disputes and case with money a claim of
1000000 GBP. The damages of personal injury upto GPB 50000 are hard in this court.
The Family court:
This court was established in 2104 and responsible for bringing up to justice to all family
dispute with bringing in all the parties to dispute under same court.
The Crown court:
This court hears out case of criminal nature with indictable criminal offences. The cases
are transferred from magistrate court are heard hear.
Magistrates court:
This courts hears out cases of criminal nature with less serious and are summery offences
with involving juvenile cases as well.
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2. REPORT: LEGAL POSITION OF SEED AND APPLICATION OF
PROVISION OF CONTRACT LAW
To, the Client
Date:
Subject: Presenting the legal position of Seed and details of contract law over the matter
From: Business legal adviser (Legal London Ltd)
Sir/Madam
This report is presented to you with clearly defining the legal position of the Seed and
the provision of contract law which are applicable in the case of Print Fast Ltd v Seed Store Ltd.
1. Contract formation:
To form a valid contract there are 4 requirements and unless them there is no contract.
This includes an offer which was made by Seed and Print Fast, acceptance which was duly
made and communicated by both the parties (Sherman and Morley, 2015). After this comes the
consideration, where to fulfil a promise party pays something of monetary valuation to other
party in contract. In this case the consideration is the value of printing papers. The last
requirement is intention to create legal relation between parties.
2. Difference between offer and invitation to treat:
Offer: is a clear statement made by one party to another to do businesses. It can be
unilateral or bilateral. Under bilateral contract a promise is made in return for a promise. For an
offer to be binding there must be clearly stated terms, intention of doing no business and
communication of intention.
Invitation to treat: is generally through advertisement for sale of land, property to
services. There is no intention of creation of legal relationship through the court. It is an
statement which invites consumer to make an offer and it is on the business man to accept or
reject the offer. With acceptance also on contract exist so buyer do not have right to goods they
want to purchase.
For the present case there is valid offer made by the party Seed and it can not be
identified as mere invitation to treat.
3. Position of offer and acceptance through electronic media:
The communication and negotiation of the contractual terms via electronic media is
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considered as valid form of communicating the acceptance by the court. Acceptance must be
delivered to offer before latter or communication of rejection when it is made through the use of
any electronic media that is email and fax (Bordia, Bordia and Restubog, 2015). For the present
case of Print fast and Seed Store there was a contract between both the parties as both Seed
have received the acceptance for an offer with was communicated to him and acknowledged by
him as well.
4. Intention to create legal relation:
For determination of the intend of parties under an agreement to be legally binding,
there are presumptions that court sees into to determinable enforceability of the contract tat for a
business agreement the parties have an intention t enter into legally binding contract. With an
explicit indication of lack on intention to create legal relation is necessary. For the present case
both parties were negotiating over a business agreement and there is no explicit mention of lack
of legal intention. Hence, there is presence of legal enforceability of contract.
5. Termination of contract:
Contract can be terminated by client through following manner:
 Breach of contract by any of the parties by partial or non performances of the contractual
promise. Or even by acting against the terms and condition of contract.
 Impossibility of performance means where it becomes impossible for the parties or any
one of the parties to perform the promise made under contract, the contract stands
terminated. Such as death of the Singer of the musical event.
 Completion of contract is another from, from which a contract stands terminated this
means both parties have completed there contractual promise as per stipulated terms and
condition.
6. Unenforceable contract:
Lack of capacity of parties of having a legal ability to enter into contract. Another condition
that makes a contract unenforceable is contract entered due to honest mistake made by one of
the party (What Makes a Contract You Have Entered Into Unenforceable?, 2018). Another
conditions are duress, undue influence, misrepresentation, fraud by one of the parties which
makes a contract void and voidable.
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CONCLUSION
From both the above reports is can be stated that the statue and common law have
diffident natures and form of applicability in the justice courts. The courts structure the various
court with outline the types of case which are heard under specific courts and where appeals can
be made. The Seed is under a legal contract and is liable to pay the amount to Print fast Ltd.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Sherman, U. P. and Morley, M. J., 2015. On the formation of the psychological contract: A
schema theory perspective. Group & Organization Management. 40(2). pp.160-192.
Bordia, S., Bordia, P. and Restubog, S. L .D., 2015. Promises from afar: a model of international
student psychological contract in business education. Studies in Higher Education. 40(2).
pp.212-232.
Mohammadi, S. F., 2015. The Formation of a Contract by the Electronic Inteligent Divices:(A
Comparative Study). Journal of Law. 12(02). pp.322-386.
Online
Court structure and hierarchy. 2018. [Online]. Available through
:<https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/5-636-2498?
transitionType=Default&contextData=(sc.Default)&firstPage=true&comp=pluk&bhcp=1>.
Case Law - Common Law. 2018. [Online]. Available through :<https://www.hg.org/case-
law.html>.
What Makes a Contract You Have Entered Into Unenforceable?. 2018. [Online]. Available
through :<https://legalvision.com.au/what-makes-a-contract-unenforceable/>.
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