Comprehensive Report on UK Business Laws and Regulations

This report provides a comprehensive overview of UK business laws, starting with an introduction to commercial and business law, and then delving into the divisions and sources of the UK legal system, including legislation, common law, and European Union law. It explores how an act of parliament affects businesses, detailing the processes and stages involved. The report further examines the impact of law on businesses, referencing the Pimlico Plumbers case and key areas of impact such as employment, consumer protection, and environmental regulations. It also discusses the nature of registered companies, their characteristics, and the roles of directors, including the structure of directors in large businesses. The report concludes with a discussion on alternative ways to seek legal advice.

BUSINESS LAWS

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................3
TASK -1................................................................................................................................................3
Divisions and sources of legal system in UK...................................................................................3
How an act of parliament affect the business...................................................................................4
TASK 2.................................................................................................................................................5
Impact of the law on the business ....................................................................................................5
TASK-3.................................................................................................................................................5
Nature of the registered company and roles of directors-................................................................5
TASK 4.................................................................................................................................................7
Alternative way of legal advise .......................................................................................................7
Attend free legal workshops and pro bono clinics.......................................................................7
CONCLUSION....................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES...................................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Commercial laws and business laws are the main structure of laws. Business laws has considered as
a civil law which deals with public and private laws. A commercial law includes all the laws about
manufacturing, consumers and goods. A business law indicates how a business should run. Business
laws provide some rules which all businesses should follow. It indicates towards federal and state
laws. This file discusses about the legal system in UK and difficulties associated with UK system,
act of parliament impact on business. Further information about nature of the registered company,
steps needs to from of a company and role of directors. This file will also consider recommendation
for appropriate legal solution to resolve areas of dispute(GANJRE and Vyas, 2018).
TASK -1
Divisions and sources of legal system in UK
Legal system of united kingdom
There are four common principles of UK law these are written below-
Legislation- this is UK parliament based principle. Which has based in London. The legislature is
UK parliament this term is the gathering of members all the legislature are called by legislator. The
houser of commons has 650 members in the parliament. Each and MP'S define the geographical
location. Legislations indicates the all rules and the laws all the electors vote using the first path
post system to select the parliament members according to their geographical positions in UK.
There are 800 members in house of lord. In which 600 members has normally selected by the queen
with the suggestion of the prime minister there are other members called by Lord, Lady and senior
Bishops of the church of England. The national assembly and Ireland assembly has all, the power
to pass all kind of laws. These laws will apply on the people of UK(Walters, 2017).
Common law- these laws has also known by the judge made laws or case law. This kind of laws has
mostly affected by the judicial decisions. This is called common law because all the decisions has
made under the supervisions of the judge. It is very necessary for the jay and Alex to understand
this law before dealing with the big companies because they can face many problems without
understand this law. This kind of laws are commonly used by every countries. Because all countries
have their common laws which includes the boundary. This law further differentiated into two parts

and these are written below
1. Pure common law- this kind of laws includes a normal laws like all the criminal laws
and ,contract law and torte law etc.
2. Interstitial common law- this type of laws helps tom determine the boundaries
European union law- directive is a European union legal act which requires different members to
take a particulate decision without dictating it does not require for implementation measures
directives will b adopted for the legislatives procedure of work justification to choose the directives
rather than a regulation – it says that different members of states have different legal system , there
are also many points which believes in EU. It is very important for Alex and jay to know about the
membership of UK in European union. in 1998 human rights came into force all the courts of UK
has protected the rights which are identified in ECHR(Barnett and Blackman, 2017).
How an act of parliament affect the business
Act of parliament- in UK act of parliaments are the primary decisions , which has taken by
the , parliament acts has enforced in all four of the UK countries ant that is – England , Scotland ,
Wales and norhen Ireland. There are different ways of parliament to affect the businesses. There are
two committees in the parliament which can affect the business on high level. They cake chances
according to need. There is no right of any particular committee to pass the bill without asking
another bill(Parliament.uk, 2019). So it is very important that both the committees should be
equally agree on the bill. So here is the process that how act of parliament can affect the business.
There are two types of acts in the UK parliament and these are -
1. Public acts- this types of general has made for the public purpose many of the public acts
are processed by the parliament
2. Local and personal act- all the private bills are mostly promoted by the private organisation.
There are different stages of bills can be starts from any house either it is house of commoners or
House of Lords. Bills are the financial process of private and public sector. So it is very important to
understand the affect of act of parliament on the business process. Joint committee of both the
house review all bills and all the members accept and reject from the voting system. there are some
steps of billing to understand the affect of the act of laws on the business(Lempereur and
Herrington, 2016).
First reading- it is the stage where no one vote occurs from committee, bill has presented
and printed, and for private members of bill second date has set.

Second reading – is the process of the normal principles are followed according to the votes.
It is a step to amend the process of billing.
and there are two stages of this -
Committee stage – it is a stage where committee can changes in bills according to need .
Report stage – it is a chance or option to change in the billing(Mahmood, 2018).
Third reading – it is a stage to make minor changes for the fair work according to needs. In
this stage bill has sent to the other house which can make the changes if the members are not
satisfied with the changes. This stage is as similar to the committee stage and report stage. In both
the stages bill can be change according to amend. It was the final stage to decide and changes in
bill. After that bill will be returned to the original house. So it will help to Alex and jay to
understand the process of billing. And also they can understand the affect of the act of parliament on
the business. It will help to know them about the acts and activities of parliament through the above
example of billing.
TASK 2
Impact of the law on the business
Supreme court gave its decision on the Pimlico plumber case and said that a Pimlico
plumber was workers entitled to bring clime against the company for discrimination, holiday pay
and deduction from wages. Business firms that do not comply with the laws face fines penalties and
in consequences fail to run. Knowing business laws are very important to operate a business.
Business law can be improved through understanding of the laws by organisations. Some key areas
which make impact on the business are employment, consumers, environment, competition and
healthy and safety. Aim of reducing red tape can not be remove these regulations and protections
but rather to simplify(Singh and et.al., 2018).
It is important for the business to know about the changes in government and its rules and
regulations. Change in business laws means changes in the way businesses operate. Taxation policy
is one the government policies that affect businesses directly because taxation is based on the
amount of money earned by all businesses.
This case turned on the facts of how the working relationship between the parties operated in
practice, which makes it difficult to draw general conclusions. Similar facts might lead to a different
result in another case. The Court of Appeal’s judgement also confirms that these issues are often
problematical, with one of the judges commenting that case is not straightforward(R.G, 2017).

TASK-3
Nature of the registered company and roles of directors-
Nature of the company- every organisation invest a lot of money behind its growth , it
involves big risks also according to companies act 1956 -A company is a artificial person, who is
invisible existing and intangible on the completion of the law. Company is further defined as the
group of people who work together tom achieve a common goal of the company. In other word it is
a place which provide an employment to the people for their welfare. These are the characteristics
of the registered company – registered companies can be created only under the registration of
company act. A registered company is required for at let seven people in public company and at
least two people in private. Registered company should follow all the rules of the company act it
will help to work legally. Registered companies follow all the rules and regulations of the
government. And these kinds of companies work together too meet future expectations of the
company.
Roles of the boards and directors of the companies- director plays the main role for
establish vision, mission and the values in the company. Director is the person who direct , control,
and coordinate to the company. company works according to two kinds of people and these are –
director and board of director and shareholders. Board of director is an in charge of the entire
management system. And he is the responsible for all the actions and activities of the company.
Director use his power and position to accomplish all the business activities(de Silva, 2017).
Structure of directors for a large business-
Chairman – it the person who manage all the business activities.
Managing director- managing director is responsible for the performance of the company.
Managing director has to manage all the departments within a company. managing director makes
the strategic plan and long terms objectives. after achieve the short term goals of the company. And
also maintain the relationship with chairman to establish a positive relationship.
Executive directors- this kind of directors are the mentor of a particular department. Who
take all the responsibilities of their departments. These types of directors manage their departments
such as- Marketing finance and IT. Executive director takes the feedback of all the employees’
performance. That each and every employee is working or not properly. And they are achieving or
not their goals. Executive director has rights to takes the decisions for their departments(Pillay,
2017).
Company director- are the person who acts like employees but they play a main role for the

future of the company. They provide their contributions to the company. They are the person who
responsible for all the employees. Because this types of directors monitoring and analysing the
employee progress by determining the pre decided their goals. This types of director have rights to
hire senior managers for their particular departments such as finance and marketing. all this
information will help to Alex and joy to understand the state of director in the business.
Finance directors- this types of director has responsibility about the financial state of the company.
Financial directors receives and provide all the financial information’s to all the directors.
Financial directors are responsible for maintain all the monetary transactions of departments
and company. Financials director has to made all the financial reports of the company.
Critically review of decision to start business- it is very difficult to survive in the market
without any innovative plan. So innovative plan is very essential to start any business. Second thing
is it is not so easy to take the place in the market for a new business. Because it takes a lot of
paperwork and different kinds of formalities. And the most important thing is about investment
because it took a lot of courage for person to start his own business in this competitive market.
Because there comes a lot of possibilities where business cannot grow up. And it can be a cause of
loss(Boyd, Carden and Valenti, 2017).
TASK 4
Alternative way of legal advise
Legal advise is very costly and it is not affordable by everyone. Pegasus aware about the
legal system and its fee structure. Pegasus wants to know about the alternative way of legal advice
and there are following way-
ADR is alternative dispute resolution it includes the disputer resolution process and techniques that
acts as means for disagreeing parties to come to an agreement short of litigation. It is collective term
for the ways that parties can settle out their disputes with the help of third party. There are two types
-first method for resolving dispute is the official mechanism and the second method pendant of
official judicial method.
Attend free legal workshops and pro bono clinics
In some cases there are bar associates which are responsible for the licensing attorney in the
state and they are also responsible for regulate the work. They have requirements for free hours.
Lawyers can solve this problem and have alternative ways about free legal advice.
Public organisations also provide free legal advice. Some attorney attained the events and
learn from them and provide basic advice through it. This kind of lawyers not represent the person

but they can give legal advice about basic questions and it may be possible that lawyer charge a
little fees but it the alternative way to take legal advice(Sessoms and Waide, 2015).
State bar association which made for the persons who are not able to pay heavy fees for
legal advice. This bar association can give good advice to the clients. They provide a phone number
which from client can take advice easily.
Law schools where the law students are available for advice they have not any degree
because they are perusing the course but they know about the basic laws and able to give free
advice.
Take advantage of free consultation
Many attorney available to give free advice to the clients because they want to build their
business and they will not charge anything for the advice. These consultancies are opportunity for
the person who want to take legal advice. It is profitable for both of them. If the lawyer can fulfil
the needs of the client without any cost then it is helpful for the clients and in future it will be
helpful for lawyer. In some cases lawyers only give the starting advice to the clients and if client
satisfy with that point then they have to paid for the all solution but paid fee is not much costly, it
affords by clients.
Chose a lawyer who uses contingency fee structure
Many lawyers use this fee structure in small business. They are not taking fees in hourly
bases. They are open to create billing arrangements to increase their small business clients. This
kind of lawyers use contingency fee structure for the small business. The contingency fee structure
refers to that if a client win their case then client is able to pay the fees to lawyer and if the lawyer
can not win the case then in this situation client can't pay fee to him. This fee structure is in trend.
Many lawyers use this structure for increasing client and goodwill. It is helpful for the client as well
as lawyer.
ADR is alternative dispute resolution it includes the disputer resolution process and
techniques that acts as means for disagreeing parties to come to an agreement short of litigation. It
is collective term for the ways that parties can settle out their disputes with the help of third party.
Online legal service
Nowadays it is also in trend. Online legal service is available in many countries. Through
online legal service Pegasus can take legal advice about their business. It is possible that online
assistant can demand for fee or it will free. If online assistance want fees then it is not much. Clients
can take advice in a low cost. There are many online services available like legal zoom, rocket

lawyer, legal shield etc(Sessoms and Waide, 2015).
CONCLUSION
From the above study it has been summarised that government of UK has an impact of the
various kind of business activities. Govt. of UK has made several laws to bound the business
activities. also, discussed about the position of different types of chairman and their roles and
responsibilities. And understand the ways of legal advices and nature of registered company. and
critically discussed about the start-up of business. And the impact of the decisions of parliament on
the business activities.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
GANJRE, D.K.A. and Vyas, H.S., 2018. Emotional Intelligence and Cross-Cultural Communication
in the Context of Business Endeavors. NOLEGEIN-Journal of Corporate & Business Laws,
pp.8-11.
Walters, A., 2017. Modified Universalisms & the Role of Local Legal Culture in the Making of
Cross-Border Insolvency Law.
Barnett, R.E. and Blackman, J., 2017. Constitutional Law: Cases in Context. Wolters Kluwer Law
& Business.
Lempereur, A. and Herrington, R., 2016. 3 Responsibility to Protect Trumps Business as Usual:
How Corporate Leaders Build Heroism to Face Atrocities. The Role of Business in the
Responsibility to Protect, p.69.
Mahmood, A., 2018. Worker Director Scheme Revisited: Re-Packaging and Revival for a Changed
Era in India, a Torch Bearer for the World. NOLEGEIN-Journal of Corporate & Business
Laws, pp.1-7.
de Silva, C., 2017. Alix Adams, Law for business students Ewan MacIntyre, Business law. The Law
Teacher, 51(4), pp.527-529.
Pillay, R.G., 2017. Adaeze Okoye, Legal approaches and corporate social responsibility: towards a
Llewellyn’s law-jobs approach. The Law Teacher.51(4). pp.525-527.
Boyd, R.O., Carden, L.L. and Valenti, M.A., 2017. Religion and the Workplace: Examining a Model
to Mitigate Discrimination. Southern Journal of Business and Ethics.9. pp.124-133.
Sessoms III, A.K. and Waide, R.P., 2015. Tips for Successfully Deposing a Fact Witness. Miss.
Law.62. p.22.
Singh and et.al., 2018. Retention of Ethnic Participants in Longitudinal Studies. Journal of
immigrant and minority health.20(4).pp.1011-1024.
Online
Parliament.uk. 2019. [Online]. Available through. <https://www.parliament.uk/>.