Business Law Report: Analysis of Sales, Competition, and Agency Laws

This report delves into various aspects of business law, encompassing the Sales of Goods Act 1979, the Competition Act 1998, and the law of agency. The report analyzes implied aspects related to the sale of products and supply of services, particularly focusing on the responsibilities of both buyers and sellers. It examines statutory provisions concerning the transfer of property and possession, as well as remedies available to buyers and sellers in product contracts. Furthermore, the report explores judicial rules and statutory provisions related to faulty goods, as outlined in the Consumer Protection Act 1987. The report also differentiates between various types of credit agreements, such as hire purchases and conditional sales, while also detailing the legal rules on termination rights and default notices within these agreements. The report uses a case study involving a car purchase to illustrate key legal concepts, providing a comprehensive overview of business law principles and their practical application.

BUSINESS LAW

INTRODUCTION
Organisational laws refers, it is a lawful process in which including legal rules and
regulations those are made or regulated by the government of country. In which have to follow
all rules and regulation by the all parties. When two parties want to make legal agreement so
have to do all woks under the law or legal term also with written agreement with legal stamp on
the papers. To control the illegal activities in the country by the government make some effective
legal systems those follow by the all persons. In this report mention or including sales of goods
Act 1979, competition Act 1998 and law of agency(Abdi and Aulakh, 2012). All these are
relating to the business field related laws. According to the competition Act 1998 , as per this act
government wants to develop economy and standard of the living of the persons and increase
effective competition in the market. In this act identify the legal rules and restriction in the
competition market and they are abuse the dominate market situation. This act help to provide
better and effective services and goods to consumers and control on production in the business
and try to develop technology in the effective process(Appleman, Appleman and Holmes 2015).
TASK 1
1.1 Implied aspects relating to sale of products and supply of services
In the context of sales of goods, in which included two parties one is buyer and second is
seller. So that, it is the responsibility of both parties must be systematically follow legal rules and
regulations which linked within this concept. In the sales agreement including seller and buyer
those are make a legal agreement under the law through the both parties have to stamping on the
written papers and signed by the both parties if they are not legally attach so that agreement will
be illegal. According to the sale of goods Act 1979, as per this act have to follow rules those are
regulated and control by the government of the country. In this act for the both parties having
some restriction like by the seller should provide better quality of products on the basis of
agreement and for the buyer having also some restriction like full payment on the decided time
period to the seller. In this case Ben is the buyer, he want to purchase a second hand car from the
dealer in UK in which dealer said about a car that only driven 18,500 miles by only one person.
Both parties are agree about this agreement. They are make legal and written papers in which
stamping and signature by the both parties. After that Ben were purchase the car and pay

according to the agreement amount is 150 dollar to dealer. When buyer will go for a long drive
with their family member that time he will fell their car's engine is not working properly their
having some technical issues. In this situation Ben go to dealer to refund the payment of car so
dealer will not payback to him because legally through the buyer and seller signature on the legal
paper. So Ben's does not having this right to after purchasing that will take refund amount from
the dealer(Bisharaand, Westermann‐Behaylo 2012).
 Title: As per the section 12 of Sales of goods act 1979, seller of the organization should
have consideration, which be mention in the title. If it is not be done so that contarct will
be breached by the seller.
 Description: This refers to, it is a duty of seller to sell the products and goods to
customers according to prescription and quality which were prescribed in advertisement
of services to sale. In this case, it was a duty of car dealer should be sell according to the
description.
 Quality: According to the section 14(2), it define, seller should ensure about the quality
of goods and services because it can be breached the contract seller will not provide
better quality of services to buyer.
1.2 Ben on the statutory provisions on the transferral of property and possession
By government there are regulated some effective legal rules and regulations those are
have to follow by all the parties while transfer of property and possession. As per this case or
situation some provision are including under the section 18 to 25 those are under the below:
 According to section 16, In this provision by the seller should provide better and effective
quality of products and goods to the buyer. Its illegal when both parties are not legally
follow rule and regulation those are framed by the government. (Bishara, 2011).
 As per the section 17, In the legal agreement including mainly two parties one is seller
and second one is buyer. So in which have intention b y the both parties. In this case Ben
wants to buy a car that is ready to give payment of 150 dollar to dealer. So after
purchasing the car by the seller Ben have not any legal right to get refund amount from
the dealer.
 In the legal agreement between seller and buyer to sell a product to the buyer so that
should provide clearly informations relating to the products that help to easy to transfer
goods and products one party and another party. According to section 19, contract

categorised into three section title, description and quality, there is should mention all
information. In this case Ben wants to purchase a car from the dealer so should provide
proper information by the dealer related to the product to Ben.
1.3 Statutory provisions on buyer’s and seller’s corrections in sale of product contract
In the sale of product Act 1979, various kind remedies are including those are help to
provided better product quality and able to provide safety to parties rights and duties in the
effective way. By these Act's of remedies provide legal protection to the both parties. According
to the legal advisor citizen Advise Bureaux there are various kind of remedies are under the
below:
Seller's Remedy
 Non payment of Amount: According the Sale of Goods Act 1979, there having some
legal rules and regulations those are have to follow by both parties. If seller deliver
product and goods to buyer so through the buyer have to pay amount of the product that
were decided by the both parties mutually. In which buyer will not pay decided amount to
the seller so seller is legally able to sue the case against buyer. For example: A is the
seller and B is the buyer. Seller is already delivered the product to buyer according to the
legal agreement but B is not pay the amount of the product to seller so in this situation A
is legally able to sue case against B(Crane and Matten, 2016.).
 Refused to accept: Refused the accept refers to when by the both parties make a legal
agreement so buyer is agree to purchase product through the seller but at the end moment
buyer said no, that does not want to purchase and refused to accepted in this situation
seller have right to sue the case on buyer. For Example: A person is the seller and C
persons is the buyer. C were placed the order to purchase the product from the A but B is
at the last moment is refused to accept in this case A is able to sue against C.
Buyer's remedies
 Delay in deliver: When two parties are become in the contractual agreement so both
parties through mutually made a legal contract in which having some rules and regulation
for both parties. When buyer want to purchase a product from the seller and seller will
delay to deliver product to the buyer so in this situation buyer is able to sue the case
against seller. For example: A is the seller and B is the buyer so B wants to purchase a

product from the A. if A is delaying to deliver product to the B so in this situation B is
legally able to sue the case against A.
 Non delivery of goods: When make legal agreement between two parties so in which
including seller and buyer. If through seller not delver product to the buyer so in this
situation buyer is fight the case against the seller(DiMatteo, 2010).
1.4 Judicial rules and statutory provisions for faulty goods in case
In context legal term by the government of the country regulated and framed some
effective rules and regulation relating to the all sectors. According to the consumer protection
Act 1987, as per this legal act through provide safety and security to consumer and through the
company should provide better quality of products and goods to the consumers. If by the
company is not provide effective quality of products so consumers are able to sue case to the
company and mutually manufactures are responsible. Government of the company want top
provide proper safety and security to the consumers. If consumer want to sue case against the
seller than have to clarify information relating to the products those are under the below:
 Product or good quality that is not full fill the consumers need and wants.
 Provide by the seller damaged product to the buyer
 Unexpected features, quality and extra charges of products(Folsom and et. al. 2012).
As per this case seller and buyer is legally made a legal contract or agreement under the mutually
rights and duties. In this case Ben is the buyer that want to purchase a car from the dealer. By the
dealer provide proper information relating to the car to the buyer and made legal agreement
between them. After that Ben pay the decided amount to the seller that is 150 dollar after the
purchasing the car Ben go for long drive with their family members then Ben feel car's engine
having some problems that is not properly working so Ben want to refund amount that were paid
to the dealer. In this situation buyer is not legally able to sue the case against seller. Because they
signed a legal agreement under the agreed rules and duties. Under the section 9 before
purchasing the any kind of products to the seller or party so should properly checked by the
buyer after purchasing seller is not responsible for any issues and problems regarding services
and goods.

TASK 2
2.1 Differentiate among various types of credit agreements
Credit agreements help to provide protection and safety to their consumers in the
effective manner. There are many kind of credit agencies in which including different rules and
regulations according to their companies. Credit agencies are help to provide satiety and
securities to the consumers(Foss and Knudsen 2013).
 Hire purchases: Hire purchases is the credit agency in which make legal agreement
between two parties. In which seller want to sale property to the buyer and buyer want to
purchase but in the instalment system to payment amount of the money to the seller for
decide time period. In which buyer on the decided date pay instalments of the property to
few yearly to the seller. When buyer completely pay that time buyer become is the legally
owner of the property. And seller through legally transfer all the paler to the buyer.
 Conditional sales: This type of agreements in which buyer have right to sale property and
products from the seller to the another party under the legal terms and foll wed by the
rules and regulations.
2.2 legal rules on termination rights and default notices
In the legal term Termination of rights means when rights become on the end. In which
including many kind of situation for Ben those are following:
 Different type of situation may be rise when by the seller or Ben through terminate their
rights at the decided date of the agreement.
 Contract were made between seller and debtors in which seller is liable to sell products
and goods to the buyer and buyer is liable to pay amount of the product. If in case buyer
will not pay the decided amount to the seller so seller have right to get back products by
the buyer in this buyers rights are terminated(Haselmann, Pistor and Vig 2010.).
 The debtors or Ben is legally liable to pay decided amount the seller. In case that will not
pay so seller have right to sue the case against buyer.
Default notice: Default notice is refers to when agreement make between two parties in which
also including third party as an nominee. Default notice is send to the third party when buyer is

not pay the amount of the property to the seller in this case third party is legally liable to pay
amount to the seller.
If breach or refused the legal agreements and creditors will send the legal notice so : Agreements
are created between two parties so in which bothy parties are legally follow the rules and
regulations those are made b y the government of the country. If by the both parties refused their
rights and duties so in this situation various condition and terms will be created.
2.3 Features of agency and types of agents
Agencies are help to make a legal contract with proper protection to the consumers. Any
kind of agreements including mainly two parties, by these have to sighed on the legal agreement
paper and stamping also. In which both parties having some rights and duties those have to
follow by the both parties. In which mainly including agent and principals. Agent is working on
the behalf on their principals. There are many features of the agencies those are under the below:
 Parties: Parties refers to when make the agreement or contract so in which inducing
mainly two principals that called parties. Without parties not make any agreements. Both
parties are play and vital role to develop agreement in the effective manner.
 Written agreement: Written agreement refers to all information relating to the agreement
should mention in the written form if agreement is not in written forma so that will be not
valid(Kitagawa 2016).
 Legal agreement: Legal agreements means when contract under the legal term or legal
rules and regulations so that become legal agreement.
Types of different agents those are as follows:
Executive agent: Executive agents are refers to these are directly help in the make effective
planning process to develop a effective agreement between two parties. In which they are help to
take effective decision by the principals.
Collaborative agent: These kind of agents are help to contribute effective valuable decision in
the important stage. In which both parties for its help full to provide better solution and
suggestion regarding agreement.

Communication agent: Communication agents are responsible to communicate with both
parties and provide proper information relating to the agreements. Its help to develop
communication between both parties and help to transfer information to them.
2.4 Explain the rights and responsibilities of an agent
Agent is the responsible individual who follow rules and regurgitation and works
according to principals. They are responsible to provide all kind of informations to both parties
in the agreements and working on the basis on agreements principals. They are secret profits by
the parties. They have some duties those have to full fill according to the agreement. Agents
having some duties and rights those are under the below:
Rights of Agent
 Right to get remuneration from the both parties in the agreements in the legal term on the
basis of their working performance.
 They have to to reduce amount of the agreement those are spend by the agreement
parties.
 They have right to sue against the patties if they refused the rules and regulations.
Duties of agents
 Agents are legal liable to provide actual and proper informations regarding agreement to
the both parties if they having any issues so have to resolve them.
 They have liable to maintain all record and information in the written form regarding all
kid of agreements
 They are legally liable to follow all kind of rules and regulation those are regulated by the
government of the country(Latimer, 2012).
 Agents have to use skills and capabilities to handle both parties effectively manner.
 They have to do all works with honesty and faithfully manner that help to develop trust
on them by the parties.

TASK 3
3.1 Monopolies and anti-competitive exercises legislation in the UK
Competition in market having many companies to beat each other and set a brand image
in the market. According to the competition Act 1999, as per this competition in the market
should healthy for all companies and for their consumers. That's why by the government of UK
regulate some rules and regulations those are have to follow by the all companies in the effective
manner(Li and Freeman 2015). By the government of the country there are imposed some legal
rules and regulation those are help to manage and control on harmful competition in the market.
Sometimes companies are increase the price of products and goods for consumers to beat other
their competitors so its harmful for their consumers because all consumers are not equally able to
purchase products effectively that's why by the government imposed some restricted rules and
regulations. For example: Lloyd's Banking Group to acquire MBNA Ltd, in which Lloyd's
banking group provide financial services to consumers and MBNA Ltd provide credit card
facilities and services to them. So by the Lloyd's Banking Group acquire the MBNA Ltd is from
the bank of Africa. Both companies are provide baking and credit cards facilities to their
consumers. Both are try to beat their competitors in the UK market and set a monopoly in the
market. That's why government through imposed some rules and regulations to the competitions
those are have to follow by the both parties. Monopoly means set a brand image in the market
and there is not having any competition because by the only one company provide specify
products.
3.2 Role of competition commission.
Competition commissions is public body of UK in which regulated some rules and
regulations by the government. Competition commission through regulate and identify merger,
acquisitions and joint venture in the market by the different companies. Under the Competition
Act 1999, in this act competition in the market with company should manage and control. That
should not harmful for their consumers in the market. All these rules have to follow by the all
companies(Lumineau and Malhotra 2011). Anti competition refers to make unfair competition in
the market like price fixing and when market will not working well for their consumers in the
effective manner. Competition commission's of having some roles those are under the below:

 To proper legally inquire of merger , acquisitions in the market by the companies.
 To regulated and controlled all market industries in the effective manner and develop
healthy competition in the market.
 Provide proper information to shareholder regarding their market shares.
 Provide information to the shareholder relating to merger and acquisitions when two
companies are joint and working together.
For example: Lloyd's Banking Group to acquire MBNA Ltd is the acquiring company. Lloyd's
banking group through provide financial services and facilities to the consumers and MBNA
group through provide credit card services so both parties are develop their scale of profits and
build a healthy competition in the market. In this case competition commission through provide
all information relating to both these companies to their shareholder and and develop healthy and
effective competition in outside of environment.
3.3 Dominant positions within the EU common outside surrounding
In the market when develop unfair competition so in this situation companies
performance are impacting on the market in the negative manner. In which EU help to manage
and control of all activities. The dominating positions means by the one company or firm
develop unfair environment of competition impacting on market performance. EU help to control
on the market that want to develop a health and fair competition for consumers so they can feel
safe and secure. For example: Lloyd's Banking Group to acquire MBNA Ltd, Lloyd's banking
group is provide financial services to consumers and MBNA Ltd is the credit card company.
Through this acquisitions both companies want to provide better financial services to the
consumers. If this acquiring companies of performance impacting on the market and create
completely unfair for the consumers(Mann and Roberts, 2011).
3.4 Exemption made to potential anti-competitive practices.
Exemption transfer to provide freely services and goods to consumer in the effective
manner. To mange the anti competition in the market so by the government imposed some rules
and regulation those are have to follow b the all companies and develop healthy competition in
the market. By the competition commission inquire merger and acquisitions in the market by the
companies by this manage an control on activities and made some restricted rules those are
follow in the systematic manner. For example: Lloyd's banking group to acquire MBNA Ltd,

both companies wants to develop profit level and provide credit card services as well as banking
services. In which exemptions through consumers are freely use and remove anti competition
the rough the market(Weber 2010).
TASK 4
4.1 Measure and define several forms of intellectual property rights
Intellectual property rights refers to design and innovation in the any filed and develop a
new thing on these assets company's having right to no other one company will use name,
symbols and trademark. If by the company will use so that will become illegal. Intellectual
properties are not physically exists in the market but they are actually exists in the market for
their competitors. Intellectual properties are relating the new creative and innovative things of
name, sign, tag line of products and so more all these are should copied by the other companies
because intellectual properties on companies having rights. Intellectual properties having manily
four examples those are under the below:
 Trademarks: Trademark of the company help to differentiate to the other company's
same products. On the basis of trade mark consumers are easy to identify product through
the competitor market. Examples: Symbols, name, colours, that help to identify and
differentiate products(Nichols, 2012).
 Copyrights: Copyrights refers to create something new and innovative so by the company
have right to no other companies are copy their products. Examples: software, computers,
books, and graphics.
 Patents: Patents refers to create new and innovative services and products so by the
government granted for them and only that particular company will using, making in the
business process. Examples: design patents, plant patent and device & machinery patent.
 Trade secrets: Trade secrete are refers to conditional information related to the business
like documents, formates and so more(Sprague and Wells 2010).

4.2 Explain rules relating to the protection of inventions through patent rights and lawful
power
Patent right means monopoly in the market relating to the particular product and goods
those are develop by the new and innovative ideas. In which they have legally right to no any
one company will copy their products and does not use their name, symbols and so more. By the
government of the country regulate some rules and regulations relating to the patent of products.
By these rules and regulation provide security for their rights and their products in the
competition market(Passera and Haapio, 2011).
 The patent of the new and innovative products and services that should not be related to
the previous intervention.
 Patent right should relating to the company or firm products and assets.
 When patent products are copied by the other company so that company will legally able
to sue against that company and receive compensation amount.
4.3 Principles relating to copy right protection.
Copyrights refers to legally have right on the new and innovative products as like patent.
In which including some effective rules and regulations those are have to follow. It includes
some new product with their new own ideas in this that particular company or person having
copyright to no other companies and persons are not copy their assets or products like software,
device, books and so more. Through the design and patent Act 1988, help to manage violation
and problems in this matter(Percival and et. al., 2013).
Different kind of rules and regulation enacted by the government of country, by which
company does not violate and breached of copyright. If copyright get breached by the any other
person, so owner have right to sue case against that particular persons and may be government
will take any legal action as well. Government of the country is very serious about copyright
protection that's why enacted some effective law and rules that is should followed by all persons.
4.4 Comparison with protection of trademark and business names.
It refers to, companies name and product name as well. Through the trademark
consumers are easy to differentiate their product in the competition market. By these manage and

control on working performance of companies. There are imposed some rules and regulations so
other companies are not legally able to company trademark of the company and also their
name(Robson, 2010).
For example: MERCEDES focuses on their uniqueness and quality of services and
products, by which customers are easy to attract towards that also blindly make trust on that
company's products. A business name enacted by Trade mark act, 1994. An enterprise by this
name easy to communicate and coordinate with third party to make contract. Along with this,
trademark helps to shows or represent that particular company which is assist to differentiae
form other company's products and services as well.
CONCLUSION
As per this project report, to manage and control the sellers and buyers in the effective
manner so there are imposed some legislations by the government of nation. According to the
sale of products Act 1979, vendor is responsible for sale products and goods to purchaser. In
which made a legal agreement between both parties in which inducing rules and regulation those
are have to follow by the both parties. When seller is sale to the products to the buyer so buyer is
liable to pay amount of product those are decided by the mutually party. In this report also
explained competition Act 1998, agencies and intellectual properties in the effective manner.
After purchasing the products an goods by the buyer so buyer will not able to take refund amount
through the seller and does not have any legal right by the government.

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