Business Law Report: Sales of Goods, Credit Agreements, and More

This business law report provides a comprehensive overview of several key areas within UK business law. It begins with an analysis of the Sale of Goods Act 1982, examining implied terms, statutory provisions on property transfer, and remedies for buyers and sellers. The report then delves into consumer credit agreements, exploring different forms such as rent purchase and conditional sales, along with rules on termination of rights. Agency law is also discussed, covering various types of agents, and the rights and duties of both agents and principals. The report further examines UK competition law, including monopolies, anti-competitive legislation, the role of the Competition Commission, and the concept of dominant positions within the EU market. Finally, the report addresses intellectual property, covering different types of protection, principles related to inventions and copyrights, and a comparison of trademarks and business names.

Business Law

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Advise to mount on the legal implicit terms associated with sales of products act..............3
1.2 Statutory provision on the transfer of property.....................................................................3
1.3 Remedies of buyer's and seller's in sales of goods act..........................................................4
1.4 Statutory provision on patron and vendor.............................................................................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
2.1 Different form of credit agreement.......................................................................................5
2.2 Rules on termination of rights...............................................................................................5
2.3 various sort of agent..............................................................................................................6
2.4 Rights and duties of agents and principals............................................................................7
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
3.1 Monopolies and anti competitive legislation in UK.............................................................7
3.2 Competition commission with the context of monopolies and anti-competitive..................8
3.3 Dominant position inside the EU market..............................................................................8
3.4 State of affairs in which exemption is render to them..........................................................9
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9
4.1 Assorted norms of intellectual property................................................................................9
4.2 Principals which are related to the protection of interventions...........................................10
4.3 Principals that associated with protection of copyrights and legal rule for forestall
infringement..............................................................................................................................10
4.4 Compare and distinction among protection and emblems and business name...................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12
.......................................................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Business law occupied in transaction, trade sales etc. in which consist of two parties and
comes in the legal agreement. In this assorted variety of terms and conditions are specified which
have to fulfil by all the parties. In Sales of goods act, every seller is responsible to provide
superior goods .aas per the description provided by the customer at the time of placed an order.
In the Competition act, government farmed some rules, regulation and policies which have to be
followed by all the parties. In Consumer credit act and agency act, there are three parties which
are known as causal agent , third party and principal.
TASK 1
1.1 Advise to Ben on the legal implicit terms associated with sale of goods and supply of
services
According to the sale of goods act 1982 there are some implied term between the parties .One of
these term is the condition and warranties under section 11 of the product like car in the case.
Another implied term in the act is if the product is not according to the description then it will be
breach of the contract according to the section 13. As per the section 12(1) .It is the
responsibility of the seller company of car that it delivers the fit product to Ben .But then car
stopped after the delivery due to damage in the engine. So it could be considered as the breach of
contract and it is seller liability to bear that damage .The injury to the family member of Ben
during driving in car, is also an implied responsibility of car seller company.
Thus there are many implied term and condition which are not mentioned in a written
note in contract but they are applied by the law.
1.2 Statutory provision on the transfer of property.
Statutory provisions are arranged in the law of property act 1925 which helps in
understanding the rules and regulation related to the transfer of the property while sales.
According to the section 16 , the goods can not be transfer if the goods are uncertain in nature
and condition. According to the section 18 of this act, the goods will not be passed of anything
done before it is complete. Section 20 has the provision related to the transfer of the property is
that when the goods are transferred to the buyer then the all risks are also transferred to the buyer
if no hidden information in contract.

1.3 Remedies of buyer's and seller are in sales of goods act.
Seller's remedies against buyers:
Suit for price- In step with sales of products act, patron is accountable to pay quantity for
the products that merchant deliver to them. It he didn't do thus then merchant encompasses a
right to sue him. Below the contract, patron is accountable to pay value on the sure date however
if he refuses to pay thereon date then merchant will fail suit against them. If patron neglect or
refuses to pay value then merchant will claim for value (Crane, and Matten, 2016).
Damages for non acceptance- in step with the law once have been broken for anyone of
party. Then the party United Nations agency suffers by breach of contract then they're entitled to
receive compensation for that So that, there's remedy accessible for merchant as a result of non
acceptance of products that is provided by the vendor.
Patrons remedies against seller:
Damages for non delivery- in step with the contract act, if merchant neglect or refuse to
deliver merchandise then patron having a right to sue merchant for damages of non delivery. If
as a result of non delivery patron suffers any loss then he encompasses a right to file case against
them.
For breach of warrantee- If there's breach of warranty by merchant then patron having a
right to file case against them.
1.4 Statutory provision on patron and vendor.
Defective product- These goodsthose that aren't fit the consumption of merchandise and
services. There is a growing concern, that makers or producers are accountable for damages
within the product. If litigant desires to file case against them then he have to be compelled to
prove the subsequent factors:
 Present defective product.
 Loss that is caused to the litigant owing to damages and quantity that litigator is liable.
 Also proved that litigator is truly libel for the damages.
per the buyer protection act, 1987, it's been explicit that litigant needs to proved that
vendor is truly chargeable for the breach of duty(DiMatteo, 2010). The court is additionally
chargeable for take effective call associated with imperfection of merchandise and services and
obligatory penalty that is chargeable for it. Court has been making sure that the one that is guilty
for damages should pay quantity that is obligatory on them. If vendor is truly chargeable for the

act then he have to be compelled to pay compensation to patron. On the premise of act there has
been varied of specific duties that have to be compelled to be fulfil by all the parties and if they
becomes guilty then have to be compelled to pay compensation(Folsom, et. al 2012).
TASK 2
2.1 Different form of credit agreement.
Different forms of agreement which are related to shield the interest of individuals. This
additional credit agreement is implied and managed by the legislations. These agreements have
terms relted to take credit from businesses and judge the date with mutual consent and that they
promise to pay back them on it explicit date.
Different types of credits that are utilized by Ben as stated below:
Rent purchase- during this quite credit agreement client acquires property and
additionally get possession on it that has been paid by the creditors. Once this activity customers
provide a refund to the creditors. Through that credit agreement customers becomes the owner
of that property so, they not obtaining tehe correct to transfer owner to different or ineffective to
sale the property.
Conditional sale- This person gets rights to transfer property from one party to a
different. This is often less favourable within the shopper most of the folks use rent purchase as
compared to the present sale.
Credit sale- during this kind of agreement, customers get a rights to possession and
additionally they're ready to sale them different party. which may be attributable from the start of
creation of contract.
2.2 Rules on termination of rights.
Termination of rights associated with once rights that is related to finish existence of the
contract and the right of the oparties involved.. Default creditors notice are those that are sent
by the creditors itself within the case of default of creditors. The termination of rights once
mountain as a debtor:
 Various things are arisen once Ben and different party decide for termination of right to
revoke agreement before the date that they determined antecedently.
 In case of breach of contract creditors having a right to receive back the product and
services.

 The debtor is barely vulnerable to quantity once any quite minimum quantity is ready
within the terms of contract (Grundfest, J.A., 2010).
Default notice- This notice is given by the third party to their customers and that they are ready
to recover due quantity that is consistent with the patron credit agency act, 2006.
Person is in a position to send notice just in case of breach of contract:
If agreements that are made between the involved parties terminated then various factors
can be thought-about. It’s issued once rights of mortal has been revoked. If within the case of
enforceability that is consistent with the law. Improvement of merchandise from ownership.
2.3 various sort of agent.
Various sorts agents that are key person in contract as below:
 Executive agents- These agents contribute within the coming up with that has been
conducted between members and teams. They’re useful in taking corrective selections.
They able to share and views and conjointly share them with countless individuals.
 Collaborative agents- they're answerable for their own act that is conducted by
themselves. They’re directly contributed in any matter.
 Contributory agents- The agents who directly contribute within the action and get
remuneration for that.
 Communication agents- they're answerable for managing communication among
members. Which suggests these agents manage the interaction among principals and the
third party.
 Services agents- These agents able to provide the mediator service at term and
conditions.
2.4 Rights and duties of agents and principals.
Agency covers varied sorts of duties and rights of principals and agents that area unit as
aligned below:
Rights of agents:
 Agents having rights to have earnings from their principals.
 They are ready to subtract measure which they salary on their principals throughout the
creation of agency.
 They conjointly ready to receive lien that is mentioned below the law of agency.

Duties of agents:
 Agents area unit accountable to fulfil their duties that area unit mentioned below the law.
 They must ensures that he's ready to create secrete profits.
 They are to not carry delegation.
 Agents area unit accountable to take care of correct records.
Rights of Principals:
 He contains rights to revoke the most authority of agents.
 Principals area unit ready to claim damages that is caused to them.
 They having a right to receive repudiate dealing that area unit created among the agency.
Duties of Principals:
 They are accountable to supply remuneration to their agents that is that the main
responsibility of them.
 Principal’s area unit ready to maintain relationship among members.
 They are accountable to go with the law of regulation.
TASK 3
3.1 Monopolies and anti competitive legislation in UK.
United kingdom Competition law prohibited any non-competitive activity within the
market and has all the rights to research any case of its concern. Broadly, UK Competition law
gets plagued by British similarly as EEC parts. There are two most vital statutes with strictly
national dimension in UK relating to competition laws which are Competition act 1998 and
Enterprise act 2002. In Great Britain the term monopoly is outlined as: If an organization has
quite twenty fifth of market share then it'll be thought of as monopoly.
Monopoly typically happens once a Company's product gets extremely sure-fire (primark
owns half-hour market share in retail in UK) or there are many horizontal mergers between
firms making even larger entities. of these monopoly corporations are the threats for Great
Britain market and therefore Monopoly is prohibited in Great Britain(Haselmann, Pistor, and
Vig, 2010).
3.2 Competition commission with the context of monopolies and anti-competitive.
Competition commission was recognized in 1998 to manage any mergers, acquisitions,
joint ventures and non-competitive activity inside the marketplace. It arranged the monopolies

and mergers commission. workplace of truthful mercantilism refers the problems to the
commission. Commission solely makes recommendations, all the social control is finished by
the workplace of truthful mercantilism. The competition commission appearance at the
subsequent issue to grasp whether or not the merger is publicly interest or not-
 Local Firm market share
 New entity market share
 Research and Development activities below the corporations
 Economies of scale
Competition commission additionally listen the problems that area unit pinpointed by
anyone relating to anti-competitive practices monetary value fix and bidding rig, a market not
operating well, unfair terms in contract, any problems associated with competition. Competition
law is tightly connected with law on deregulations of access of markets, state aids and subsidies,
etc. Competition commission gained a lot of power than its precursor below the enterprise act
2002. the workplace of truthful trade has all the implementing powers below the enterprise act
2002.
3.3 Dominant position inside the EU market.
In terms of Dominant position, one firm having an effect over entire market space
through they maintain robust position within the market which ends exploitation of client World
Health Organization are the necessary a part of the market. They management over market that
is quite five hundredth(Lawrence, 2013). it's clearly unfair condition with customers. This
condition is in a position to make barriers. it's the growing concern that, varied forms of
instruments through that abuse of dominant position will be done. that are as follows:
 Discrimination of costs- If corporations charge totally different prices from different
customers that is that the results of abuse dominant position.
 Predatory valuation in merchandise and services- during this sorts state of affairs, within
which corporations sell merchandise and services below the value.
3.4 State of affairs in which exemption is render to them.
According to article of 102, it involve exemptions this will classify the behaviour of 3
sorts. These exemption is provided to those that area unit ready to tested that anti-competitive
practices area unit edges for the complete market. in keeping with the article a hundred and one
that consists numerous of laws and regulation and have to be compelled to be fulfil by them. In
that principals area unit united to exempt agreement which don't seem to be thus necessary. the

businesses holding is a smaller amount than 100 percent area unit referred to as small concern.
The commission that framed laws and regulation associated with the competition area unit
exempt those businesses that area unit ready to satisfy their customers and supply merchandise
quality of merchandise and services to them and not hurt for the market space. In additionally
includes things that isn't ready to meet the quality level of production and ineffective to satisfy
competition with alternative countries(Pohl, 2017).
TASK 4
4.1 Assorted norms of intellectual property.
Intellectual Property: These area unit rights that area unit given to individual or an
organization associated within which will use their concepts and plans that area unit intangible
assets and it will facilitate that there aren't any competition within the market and thence it can
generate a profit for an economy and a few of the rights area unit only if is patents, trademark,
copyrights, design etc.
Different types of property rights area unit as follows:
 Patent- A patent could be a legal that represented the invention within the property rights
to the inventors and successors. Its rights represented the inventions of a investors claims
to the exclusive rights.
 Trademark- it's emblem, symbol, colour, word, style and alternative devise use to spot the
a organisation or a product within the market. Its embrace registrations trademark, use
applications field the product and services.
 Copyright- Copyright is that the right offer the grants protections to the distinctive
expressions of the concepts for a replacement business. This rights cowl the literary,
musical, inventive and sound secret writing.
 Design- These is additionally a vital a part of these rights. Further, it's arrange of creation
associated innovation of construction of an item(Snyder, and Deaux, 2012).
4.2 Principals which are related to the protection of interventions.
The management of those rights is conducted for the safeguarding the rights of inventors.
numerous sorts of principals of that which protect the inventor ruights as follows:
 Principals of necessity- this is often helpful in safeguarding the vital info and knowledge.
this could ready to maintain privacy.

 Use of techniques identifier- this is often associated with the only person, it's
interconnection of knowledge.
 Limited storage of knowledge that is personal in nature- the non-public data which is
ought to be unbroken and this is often not be disclose among folks.
 Principals of compatibility- This principals declared that important info like date
moreover as time wise potential to be accessible.
 Principals of judicial info- during this information ought to be unbroken that nobody is
misuse those knowledge and data.
4.3 Principals that are associated with protection of copyrights and legal rule for forestall
infringement.
A copyright is that the right that is give to the author so as to provides them as freedom of
musical and creative that gave them a right to sale or unbroken them solely with the permission
of owner. associate degree owner having a right to sale them to different that embrace within the
recording corporations. because it is break free different material possession right that is
mechanically protected by the owner or author(Bagley, and Dauchy, 2011).Protection of
copyright as granted to work:
 Literary work- The principals owner of this work having a right to create translation
within the original work(Spalding, 2011).
Computer software: The copyright that is expounded to the present time which may be
protected by secret writing of firewall that is that the style of security however a copyrights.
 Musical set up- the proper of musical plan is cannot give with out any information of the
party that is involve in this.
Legal rules that are made to safeguard the copyrights of infringement
This could involve the violation of rights of the important owner. The act that is involve
in this is may be done by purposely or accidentally so as to hamper the rights of rights of
principal owner simply because of the rationale of specific proof it may be established. If the
infringement is found then court will obligatory penalty on the one who think about guilty in this
case.
4.4 Compare and distinction among protection and emblems and business name.
The word trademark declared that any quite image, mark or sign which may able to
differentiate business from others. Through this customers will simply establish the products and

services of specific organization. On the opposite facet, business name is that the construct on
which each and every company creating dealing and build up image in market solely with the
assistance of this name. Through that businesses area unit conducting operations. Trademark is
that the name that is that the a part of material possession right and area unit use for the aim of
mercantilism. this may solely be provided for approx ten years however business name will be
carry by the businesses until the tip of it.
CONCLUSION
On the idea of on top of report it's finished that, business law involve numerous styles of
rules, regulation, rights and duties that have to be compelled to fulfil all the businesses. in line
with the sales of products act, merchant is accountable to supply sensible quality of product and
services to their client.
REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Appleman, J.A., Appleman, J. and Holmes, E.M., 2015. Excuses for Nonpayment and Defenses
to Actions for Premiums (Vol. 5). Appleman on Insurance Law and Practice.
Bagley, and et. al 2015.Bagley, C.and Dauchy, C.E., 2011. The entrepreneur's guide to business
law. Nelson Education.
Crane, A. and Matten, D., 2016. Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and
sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press.
DiMatteo, L.A., 2010. Strategic contracting: Contract law as a source of competitive advantage.
American Business Law Journal. 47(4). pp.727-794.
Folsom, et. al 2012. International business transactions: a problem-oriented coursebook.
Foss, N.J. and Knudsen, C., 2013. Towards a competence theory of the firm (Vol. 2). Routledge.
Grundfest, J.A., 2010. The SEC's Proposed Proxy Access Rules: Politics, Economics, and the
Law. The Business Lawyer. pp.361-394.
Haselmann, R., Pistor, K. and Vig, V., 2010. How law affects lending. Review of Financial
Studies, 23(2). pp.549-580.

Lawrence, G.M., 2013. Due Diligence in Business Transactions. Law Journal Press.
Pohl, M., 2017. HANDBOOK ON THE HISTORY OF EUROPEAN BANKS. Economics,
(357).
Snyder, M. and Deaux, K., 2012. Personality and social psychology. In The Oxford handbook of
personality and social psychology.
Spalding, A.B., 2011. The Irony of International Business Law: US Progressivism, China’s New
Laissez Faire, and Their Impact in the Developing World.
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<https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/profession>. [Accessed on 06 may 2017].