Business Law Report: UK Sales of Goods, Agency, and Competition

This business law report examines key areas of commercial law, including the Sales of Goods Act 1979, competition law, agency, and intellectual property rights. It analyzes implied terms in sales contracts, statutory provisions related to property and possession, and remedies for buyers and sellers. The report also covers product liability under the Consumer Protection Act, defining different types of credit agreements, and rules regarding termination of rights. Furthermore, it explores various types of agents, their duties, and rights, alongside UK monopolies and anti-competitive legislation, including the role of the Competition Commission. Finally, the report addresses intellectual property rights, including possession rights, patent protection, copyright, and trademark protection, providing a comprehensive overview of these legal concepts and their practical implications.

BUSINESS LAW

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1.....................................................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Implied terms which are related with the sales of goods act........................................................................3
1.2 Statutory provision to property and possession............................................................................................4
1.3 Remedies of seller's and buyer's...................................................................................................................4
1.4 Product liability for faulty goods..................................................................................................................5
TASK 2.....................................................................................................................................................................6
2.1 Defines types of credit agreement................................................................................................................6
2.2 Rules of termination of rights.......................................................................................................................6
2.3 Various types of agents.................................................................................................................................7
2.4 Duties and rights of agents............................................................................................................................7
TASK 3.....................................................................................................................................................................8
3.1 Monopolies and anti-competitive legislation in the UK..............................................................................8
3.2 Competition commission with some circumstance of the monopolies and anti-competitive.......................8
3.3 Dominant position with within the EU market.............................................................................................9
3.4 Position in which unsusceptibility is render to them..................................................................................10
TASK 4...................................................................................................................................................................10
4.1Identify and create a case for the assorted forms of possession rights........................................................10
4.2 Protection of patent rights and legal rules preventing their conflict...........................................................11
4.3How you'll save copyright by legal rules.....................................................................................................12
4.4protection of trademark with suitable example............................................................................................12
CONCLUSION......................................................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES.......................................................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Business law is related with commercial law in which two or more parties are comes
in the contractual relationship with each and try to perform their duties as well. In this various
types of rules and regulation are mentioned which are framed by the government. In present
report is based on sales of goods act, competition law, agency and intellectual property rights.
According to the sales of goods act sellers are responsible to provide goods and services
which are able to meet their expectation and demand. In case of competition act. The
government of UK restrict overseas companies for enter into domestic country through which
domestic countries are not able to maintain their performance and profit margin as well.
agency is the contractual relationship between agents and its principals (Bebchuk and
Jackson, 2011). Agent is the person who act on behalf of his principals and able to follow all
direction which are provided by the principals as well. They responsible to comply with the
rules and regulation which are framed by the government.
TASK 1
1.1 Implied terms which are related with the sales of goods act.
As per the Sales of goods act 1979, there are two parties named caller seller and
buyer. Seller is the person who delivered products and services to another party which name
called buyer. Before delivery both are come in the contractual relationship with each other try
to fulfil duties as well. According to the given scenario, Ben is the buyer who wants to
purchase car from dealer. After read an advertisement Ben shows his seriousness towards car
and pay 150 pounds which are not refundable. Dealer describe about the car that it only
driven 18,500 miles and it have only one dealer (Bishara and Westermann‐Behaylo, 2012).
After making whole he went with his family in the car. While deriving, the car is stuck in the
mid way that time he realised that the engine of car is not working properly and also it has
two owner. So that, buyer wants to return back the car to dealer but he refused to accept.
Because there is clause is applied which signed by Ben. According to clause 9 buyer have to
check condition of goods before purchasing, after there is no responsibility of seller. But as
per the sales of goods act there is a implied condition that seller is able to provide best goods
and services to their customers. The deliver of products is have to meet the description which
is provided by buyer to seller at time of placed an order.

1.2 Statutory provision to property and possession.
The sales of goods act has include various types of rules and policies which have to be
fulfil the all the parties and try to follows rule which are mentioned in that (Cantwell,
Dunning, and Lundan, 2010). These provisions are mentioned under the section 18 to section
25. these are as aligned below:
Products must be determined- On the basis of this provision goods must be properly
determined otherwise these are not be transferable to the buyer. The goods and services
which are deliver by the seller to buyer are able to meet their satisfaction. Those products are
have to meet description which are provided by buyer at the time of placed an order.
Intension- If two parties are comes in the contractual relationship then their intention
to perform task must be present. On the given scenario, Ben has a intention to purchased car
and dealer has intention to sale the car.
Specific products- In the present case it has been specified that seller must be provide
specific goods which are easily acceptable by buyer.
Seller have to fulfil all rules and duties which are specially imposed on them. Through
which they meet expectations of buyer and perform duty as well (Cantwell, Dunning, and
Lundan, 2010).
Buyer have to perform their duty which are specified under the law.
1.3 Remedies of seller's and buyer's.
According to the Sales of goods act, 1979, there are various types of remedies which
are able to protect the rights and duties of both seller as well as buyer. On the basis of legal
advisor Citizen Advise Bureaux, some remedies are as aligned below:
Buyer's remedy
For non delivered of goods- Every seller is responsible to provide goods quality of
products to their buyers. They must ensures that surly deliver goods to buyer otherwise
customer having to file case against them. In the given scenario Ben is able to receive car and
car dealer is play a role of seller son that he is liable to deliver car. For example; A is the
seller of bike and B is the buyer (Colpan and Hikino, 2010). If A refused to deliver bike then
B is able to sue A.
Not meet standard quality- Every seller have to provide goods and services which are
meet their standard quality which is required by the buyer. If they can do so then customer

can reject good. On the basis of present scenario car dealer send bad quality of car to Ben
then have to case to file against seller.
Delay in deliver- According to act seller have to deliver goods and services on the
time which is decided by both the parties mutually.
Seller's remedy
Non payment of price- At the time delivery of goods and services buyers are
responsible to made payment for the goods for which they placed an order. As example; A is
the buyer and B seller. When B deliver goods to A then A is responsible for made payment to
B. otherwise he is able to file against A.
Refused to accept- If buyer placed an order for any product then he have to accept
when seller deliver goods at the right time.
1.4 Product liability for faulty goods.
The Consumer Protection Act, involve the various statutory provision which are able
to protect the rights of consumer and safeguarding their interest as well. Manufactures are
responsible for delivery of defective goods and which are not fit in the expectation of
customers (Colpan and Hikino, 2010). This may caused damages but not able to harm the
personal injury. Plaintiff or person to whom damages caused can claim against defendant
only when they proved some points:
 The products and services has been faulty.
 Which able to cause customers.
On the basis of the given scenario, Ben is the buyer who purchased car from the car
dealer but when he went to the family trip then he realised that the engine of the car is not
working well and also it has two owner rather then one mentioned by the dealer (Crane and
Matten, 2016). Its miles are also stuck on 18,500. That is why Ben wants to return back to the
car to seller but he refused to accept it.
Consumer protection act- In case customer received defective goods and services then
he have a right to file case against seller and claim for the damages.
Contract and tort claim- Plaintiff having a right to claim damages which caused them
for due to defective and non delivery of goods.

TASK 2
2.1 Defines types of credit agreement.
These agreements has been stated that different types of right and duties which ate
able to protect their rights and duties of customers through which they can easily get goods
which they want. Consumer credit is incorporated by the government in order to protect the
right of consumer (DiMatteo, 2010). This act has been amended with the consumer credit act
2006. This act can safeguarding the right of consumer and protect them fraud and injury.
Various types of credits which are used by the Ben who is the buyer according to the given
scenario are as aligned below:
Hire purchase- In this type of credit agreement consumer are able to acquire property
and also get possession on which the amount the paid by creditors (Business Law. 2017).
After this transaction customers return back the amount to creditors which paid on behalf of
the customers. With the help of this activity they becomes the owner of property and get all
right to keep property or them as well.
Conditional sale- In type of sale customers are able to get right for transfer of
property from one person to another (Foss and Knudsen, 2013). This activity is not that much
favourable in consumer.
Credit sale- In this type of agreement, people gets rights to transfer property or to sale
them other party as well.
2.2 Rules of termination of rights.
The termination of right is related with, which means that right going to an end and
not in the existence. The termination of right in case Ben is the debtor:
 Other different types of conditions are arises if Ben and other party terminate
the rights before right the date which they mutually decided previously (What
is Business Law?. 2017).
 In case of breach of contract,creditors are able to receive the products which
are delivered.
 The debtor is only liable up to the amount in case minimum amount set in
terms of legal contract.

Default notice- According to the consumer credit agency act, 2006, this notice is deliver by
the third party to their customers in order to recover the amount.
In case of breach of legal contract creditors are able to send notice:
Agreement which is created among parties, if it is terminated then various factors has
been arises (Grundfest, 2010). This can be issue at the time of rights of debtors are revoked.
From this activity recovery of possession of property can be possible.
2.3 Various types of agents.
Agency is the contractual relationship which is created among members. In this act
two parties are name called name called agents and principals. Agent is the person who
perform an act on behalf their principals. Some types of agents which are as follows:
Executive agents- These agents are directly give their contribution in the planning
which is conducted among members or groups (Miller, 2015). These agents are helpful for
taking corrective decision which are in the interest of people.
Collaborative agents- These are responsible for act the act which perform by
themselves only. Through this they are able to directly contribute in the decision making
process.
Communication agents- These types of agents are able to manage communication
between people. Through this they can manage interaction among agents and principals.
2.4 Duties and rights of agents.
Rights of agents
 They having a right to receive remuneration for the efforts which he used to
perform their duty.
 Agents are able to deduct the amount which he spent on the principals.
 Also able to get lien.
Duties of agents
 They must follow the direction which is provided by their principals.
 Agents are not able to earn secrete profits.
 They have to maintain proper record for which they are liable.

TASK 3
3.1 Monopolies and anti-competitive legislation in the UK.
United kingdom Competition law prohibited any non-competitive activity within the
market and has every the rights to examine any case of its involvement. Broadly, UK
Competition law gets full of British likewise as European Economic Community parts. There
area unit 2 most significant statutes with strictly national dimension in UK concerning
competition laws that area unit Competition act 1999 and Enterprise act 2003. in United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland the term monopoly is outlined as: If an
organization have quite twenty fifth of market share then it'll be thought-about as monopoly
(Ye, Law and Chen, 2011).
Monopoly sometimes happens once a Company's product gets extremely no-hit (Marks &
sociologist owns half-hour market share in retail in UK) or there area unit horizontal mergers
between firms making even larger entities. of these monopoly corporations area unit a threat
for United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland market and thence Monopoly is
illegitimate in United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
anti competitive practices are regulated as they will damage the native businesses. below the
Competition act 1999 and Enterprise act 2003 prohibits all the anti competitive practices,
such as-free commerce, forbid dance any consumptive behaviour of firm in market, forbid
dance predatory rating, tying, dumping, gouging, refusal to deal and significantly includes the
repression of cartels (Sprague and Wells, 2010). It additionally monitors the mergers and
acquisitions of enormous corporates on ensure that these mergers to not damage the market.
3.2 Competition commission with some circumstance of the monopolies and anti-
competitive.
A Competition commission was habitual in 1999 to control any mergers, acquisitions,
joint ventures and non-competitive activity within the market. It replaced the monopolies and
mergers commission. workplace of truthful commerce refers the problems to the commission.
Commission solely makes recommendations, all the social control is completed by the
workplace of truthful commerce. The competition commission appearance at the subsequent
issue to know whether or not the merger is publicly interest or not-
a)Localized Firm market stock

b)New entity market share
c)Research and Development activities under the firms
d)Economies of scale
Competition commission besides perceive out the issues which are precise by whatever single
regarding anti-competitive pattern price repair and bid tackle, a market not working well,
unfair terms in contract, whatever issues related to competition. Competition law is binding
attached with law on modulate of accession of markets, state aids and grant, etc. Competition
commission addition more power than its precursor under the enterprise act 2003 (Spalding,
2011). the office of fair trade has all the enforcing powers under the enterprise act 2003.
3.3 Dominant position with within the EU market.
In terms of Dominant position, one firm having an effect over entire market space
through they maintain sturdy position within the market which ends up exploitation of client
United Nations agency square measure the vital a part of the market. They management over
market that is quite five hundredth. it's clearly unfair condition with customers. This
condition is ready to make barriers. it's the growing concern that, numerous kinds of
instruments through that abuse of dominant position is done. that square measure as follows:
Discrimination of costs- If corporations charge totally different prices from different
customers that is that the results of abuse dominant position.
Predatory rating in product and services- during this sorts scenario, during which
companies sell product and services below the worth.
within the terms of opinions of EU, the organization that having dominant position within the
entire market space then it'll be contemplate as black-market and not be enforceable by law.
This condition is totally restricted by law and law is obligatory restriction on them (Siedel
and Haapio, 2010). The dominant position is additionally having impact on the trade between
2 or a lot of countries. the applying EU exemption of anti-competitive practices:
Just in case any firm having dominant position within the market they need to satisfy the
justification that square measure as follows:
The firm offer correct satisfaction to their customers with conducting any
discrimination with them.
This situation will includes the position that producing and delivery of products and services
square measure improved in terms technical and economic progress.

3.4 Position in which unsusceptibility is render to them.
According to article of 102, it involve condition this may type the behaviour of 3
kinds. These exemption is provided to people who square measure ready to evidenced that
anti-competitive practices square measure edges for the whole market. in step with the article
a hundred and one that consists numerous of laws and regulation and have to be compelled to
be fulfil by them (Scholes, 2015). within which principals square measure united to exempt
agreement which aren't thus vital. the businesses holding littler amount than 100% square
measure referred to as small concern. The commission that framed laws and regulation
associated with the competition square measure exempt those businesses that square measure
ready to satisfy their customers and supply merchandise quality of merchandise and services
to them and not hurt for the market space. In conjointly includes the case that isn't ready to
meet the quality level of production and not capable to satisfy competition with alternative
countries.
TASK 4
4.1Identify and create a case for the assorted forms of possession rights.
Holding intellectual property rights mention to creation of the mind, like
inventions,literary and creative works,designs or symbolization, defamation or footage
utilized in commerce. possession is protected in law by, for example, patents, copyright and
symbols, that modify of us to earn recognition or cash fancy what they devise or produce. By
hanging the right balance between the interests of innovators and so the broader public
interest, the field system aims to foster associate setting throughout that power and innovation
can flourish (Percival, Schroeder and Leape, 2013).
Various sort of Intellectual rights.
Copyright-It could be a sort of right that is transferable by legal for a set fundamental
measure, for business,printing,recording and musical brick. By it we will get possession of
that issue that we've got produce (Nichols, 2012). In copyright you have got possession that
you have got created however you will offer your copies of the merchandise that you had
created.

Patent right-This could be a sort of right during which law offer right to the patent
holder for the creating,selling or invention of the merchandise that nobody will use your
name if you have got legal right of your product. If you invent one thing than it'll for certain
totally different from different product and you will simply vie with different product. Their
square measure such a large amount of business firms United Nations agency publish your
book and provides you the legal right that nobody will use your product sign or image.
Trademark-It determine your product and differentiated from the opposite product
within the vend produce the goodwill of your product within the market (Miller, 2015). Their
square measure such a large amount of brands within the market United Nations agency have
simply determine by the client through its name, design, symbol etc. If you have got to
register your product within the market then you have got to look for the merchandise that
very same trademark won't exist already within the market.
Trade Secrets-A secret may well be a formula, process, device, or various business
information that companies keep personal to convey them a priority profit over their
contender. samples of trade secrets include Customer lists,Survey results,Computer
algorithms not like the other varieties of property, you can not acquire protection by
registering your secret (Grundfest, 2010). Instead, protection lasts alone as long as you're
taking the obligatory steps to manage revelation and use of the info. Businesses use non
speech act agreements, restricted access to steer, post-employment restrictive covenants, and
various security practices to require care of trade secrets.
4.2 Protection of patent rights and legal rules preventing their conflict.
In today's world the information that we tend to used is just too necessary we've to
secure it from the felony several hackers square measure there UN agency can steel our
intangible assets like,inventions,made by human,software these are called intellectual rights.
the number of products and services increasing day by day it's terribly necessary to secure our
knowledge from the hackers. Their square measure several countries UN agency have their
own software package to secure their knowledge on the other hand conjointly hackers can
hack our file. several writers uses the patent rights as a result of they'll write the novel. it's
necessary as a result of within the world they do not UN agency can steal their script. Then
the utility of patent is required for the invention that has applicable utility or ought to cowl
nearly any equipment, article of manufacture.

4.3How you'll save copyright by legal rules.
Copyright protects the facility that produces a bit real and distinct. Copyright does not
defend the ideas or concepts raised by a bit, but can defend the work's expression. Protection
does not bit ideas, procedures, methods of labour, mathematical understandings, principles or
abstract facts, but can bit the inventive expression. Therefore, a copyright work ought to be in
an exceedingly very tangible kind (Foss and Knudsen, 2013). The law considers a bit to be
fixed if it's recorded in an exceedingly very permanent vogue or format examples. written
kind, images, hold on on laptop computer, recorded on videotape or carved in rock.
Copyright is distinguished from various knowledge science rights in terms of providing
automatic protection to authors from the moment the work is formed.
4.4protection of trademark with suitable example.
Their area unit several things by that we are able to save our trade mark from the
contender. you would like every an honest offense or an honest defence. The discourtesy
begins with choosing the business name, slogan, or complete merely simply would like to,
and may be able to, protect (DiMatteo, 2010). It involves taking the time to identify a strong
trademark or service mark which is able to be exhausting for competitors to steal. The
defence comes once you have got begun practice your trademark and involves three
strategies. When you launch a replacement concern, service or product, select a grade with a
strongest potential standing. Their area unit such a big amount of firms World Health
Organization use the trademark of the firm and it's going to result the goodwill of the firm by
victimisation their name if the corporate have register their name the way in order that they
will sue to the contender. In previous you have got to go looking regarding the trade mark
that the trade mark isn't exist already within the market. If the trade mark you're victimisation
it should be not matched by different complete the image,sign,design of your trade mark
ought to be differentiated from the opposite complete.
CONCLUSION
As per the report I have concluded that there are many rules, regulations, acts, duties
and rights. In business law we have to explain about the company policies. In the business the
producer is responsible for the goods and services the quality of good the producer is giving
is must be good or not. If it is not good then the purchaser have right to do case against him.

Their are many rights and duties in the company. The government of UK have decide to
overseas the companies to start business in the domestic market because it cause badly effect
on the existence of domestic companies. There are various types of intellectual properties
rights such as- trademark,copyright,trade secrets, patents and designs. Various types of agents
are their collaborative,executive,service and communication. Otherwise buyer having a right
to file against them. In the case of anti-competitive practices, Government of UK restricted
overseas companies to start business in domestic because it causes badly affect on the
existence of domestic companies. Intellectual property rights carries various types such as
copyrights, trademarks, patents and designs. And will do banned on those sites those who
don't have the copyright and may use the duplicate copy of some other data and snatched the
licence of those company.