Business Management Report: Racism in the Hospitality Sector

This report is a comprehensive exploration of racism within the hospitality sector of the United Kingdom. It begins with an introduction outlining research aims, objectives, and questions, setting the scope and rationale for the study. A thorough literature review examines racism, its impact on immigrant workers and ethnic minorities, and instances of discrimination against customers. The report then delves into the application of ethical ideologies to address these issues. The research methodology section details the pragmatic research philosophy, deductive approach, and descriptive research design employed. It also covers data collection and analysis methods. The study investigates the challenges related to racism, including low wages, long hours, racial harassment, and limited opportunities for advancement. The report uses the case of Constantine v Imperial Hotels Ltd to highlight discrimination against customers. Finally, the report suggests methods that might help to mitigate or eradicate the notion of racism from the hospitality segment in the nation of United Kingdom.

Running head: BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
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Name of the Student
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Author Note

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Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................2
Research aims.........................................................................................................................2
Research Objectives...............................................................................................................2
Research Questions................................................................................................................2
Scope and Rationale...............................................................................................................3
Literature Review.......................................................................................................................4
Racism....................................................................................................................................4
Immigrant Workers and Ethnic Minority...............................................................................4
Racism against Customers.....................................................................................................5
Application of Ethical Ideologies...........................................................................................6
Research Methodology...............................................................................................................7
Research Philosophy..............................................................................................................7
Research Approach................................................................................................................7
Research Design.....................................................................................................................8
Data Collection Method.........................................................................................................8
Data Analysis Method............................................................................................................9
Structure of the Study.................................................................................................................9
Timeline...................................................................................................................................10
References................................................................................................................................11

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Introduction
Research aims
The aim of this research proposal is to outline the objectives of the research project, which is
to explore the challenges regarding racism in relation to the hospitality segment in the nation
of United Kingdom.
Research Objectives
Objectives regarding this particular research are as follows:-
 To understand racism in relation to the hospitality segment in the nation of United
Kingdom.
 To assess the challenges regarding racism in relation to the hospitality segment in the
nation of United Kingdom.
 To deliver recommendations relating to methods that might help to mitigate or
eradicate the notion of racism from the hospitality segment in the nation of United
Kingdom.
Research Questions
The research questions relating to this study are as follows:-
 What may be the notion of racism in relation to the hospitality segment in the nation
of United Kingdom?
 What may be the challenges regarding racism in relation to the hospitality segment in
the nation of United Kingdom?
 What would be the methods that might help to mitigate or eradicate the notion of
racism from the hospitality segment in the nation of United Kingdom?

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Scope and Rationale
The most important factors regarding the notion of racism in the Great Britain are the
challenges in relation to racism and the relationship between the individuals who discriminate
and the individuals who are discriminated. Racism is regarded asanoccurrence that exists in
the nation of United Kingdom. Over the time, there have been variations in relation to the
degree, magnitude, targets and the objectives of racist outlooks and approaches in the nation
of United Kingdom. The history in connection to racism relating to the nation of United
Kingdom is profoundly connected to the relation of UK concerning its previous citizens and
colonies that encompassed the empire of United Kingdom. Laws in relation to racism had
been passed during the time period of 1960s that particularly proscribed discrimination.
Studies and analyses, which were published in the year of 2014 and in the year of 2015,stated
the fact that racism and discrimination is increasing in the nation ofUnited Kingdom. At least
one third of the total population in the United Kingdom admitted that they are racially biased
and bigoted.Brexit, that is, the exit of England from the European Union, has augmentedthe
incidents in relation to racism. The local residents have become hostile and aggressive
towards the foreigner individuals or the individuals who are presumedto be foreigners.Racism
occurring in the nation of United Kingdom has caused and stemmedriots, uprisings,
disturbances and racially motivated killings and murders.The primary focus of this specific
research proposal is to explore challenges regarding racism in relation to the hospitality
segment in the nation of United Kingdom(Johnson 2017). This research proposal shall
forward a discussion in relation to racism that the employees of hotels, who all are part of the
workforce of England, have to go through.

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Literature Review
Racism
The term ‘racism’ may be referred to any prejudice, antagonism or discrimination
against any individual who belongs to a distinct race, grounded on the belief that the race of
one individual is superior to other races. The discriminations that humankind face in the
present day are grounded on the on the colour and texture relating to the skin or the ethnic
background. It shall not be considered to be a fraction of the plan of God (Fanning 2018).
Furthermore, unlike the earlier times when it was seen that the individuals had to face
discrimination on the basis of the race to which they belonged or their skin color, presently it
is seen that the individuals had to face discrimination on the basis of their lifestyle, their
sexual orientation, their qualifications, education and other important attributes of their life
(Zainol et al. 2016). In this relation, it needs to be said that the discrimination that the
individuals face had adversely affected the quality of their life by reducing the number of
growth of development opportunities that are available to them and also through the
ineffective fulfillment of their basic psychosocial needs as well (Albayrak 2019). Thus, it
becomes important for the authorities to take the help of adequate measures for the resolution
of the issue of discrimination or racism.
Immigrant Workers and Ethnic Minority
In the United Kingdom, the ethnic minority and the workers who are immigrants or
refugeesendure and face endure several issues in relation to their workplace.Such issues in
relation to the conditions of their work are well known. It includes like low and minimal
payment,unsocial and extensive hours for work, extreme workload and extraordinary
pressure, minimalistic paid holidays, absence of information, data and contracts in a written
manner, insecurity relating to their job, poor and meagre standards regarding safety and
health, and petite training. Even in the hotel industry of the nation mentioned above, the

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scenario in relation to the workers and employees is similar. The employees suffer low
income, long extra shift hours, and other related problems. Even though the long hours of
work is a facet that happens with the employee population in general, however, as per the
study and analysis in this regard, it can be said that the immigrant or refugee employees have
to work for hours that may be considered unjustified. Racial harassment and racial bullying is
a common scenario in the hotel industry in relation to the workers and employees of the
hotels. Specifically in the kitchens, the verbal abuse and bullying happens to a degree that
would gradually become intolerable by any reasonable and rational individual. For instance,
the term ‘bloody foreigner’ is commonly used to abuse the ethnic minority employees in the
hotel industry. Even the customers of any particular hotel abuse the employees grounded on
racial segregation. The ethnic minority in the hotel industry are also prohibited from any kind
of development, advancement or progress at the workplace. The immigrant employees fail to
receive any promotion at their place of work. The opportunities of such employees in relation
to their job become restricted (Rosemberg, Boutain and Tsai 2019).
Racism against Customers
On certain occasions in the hotel industry, the management of the hotel have
discriminated against their customers. An important case may be discussed in this regard. The
case of Constantine v Imperial Hotels Ltd [1944] KB 693 shall be considered to be a relevant
case in which the implied responsibility of the management of an hotel to offer
accommodation to any particular guest except for fair and unbiased cause.The
aforementioned landmark caserecognized an imperative step in relation to the progress of
contemporary anti-discrimination law. The famous cricket player of Trinidad named Learie
Constantine was not allowed to stay in the Imperial Hotel located at Russell Square by
discriminating because of skin colour. It was believed by the proprietor that the presence of
Constantine would offend the Americans who were staying at the hotel. The political and the

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public opinion was in favour of Constantine. Constantine was awarded compensation for
such racially discriminatory treatment against him by the hotel. This specific case paved the
way for the statute named Race Relations Act, which was enforced in the year of 1965. It was
the first statute that dealt with the issue of racial segregation or discrimination in the nation of
United Kingdom. Presently, this statute is known as the Equality Act that was enforced in the
year of 2010. Although, it may be said that the ruling forwarded in the aforementioned case,
did not entirely eradicate the colour bar in all the hotels of the United Kingdom or other
public establishments (Goodfellow 2018). Afterwards, Constantine penned a book named
‘Colour Bar’ that was published in the year of 1954. The book discussed the issue relating to
racial prejudice in the nation of Great Britain.
Application of Ethical Ideologies
Therefore, it may be said that such racial biasness and ethnic minority biasness may
lead to relationship problems (employer-employee or employee-customer or customer-
employer) in the hotel industry and such problems should be minimalized by the utilization
and application of effective ethical ideologies. The issue relating to racism in the hotel
industry shall not be considered to be a political issue. The issue of racism is a moral issue.
This moral issue should be understood in the light of utilitarian, virtue and deontological
ethics. Furthermore, an analysis of the issue of racism and its prevalence within the
hospitality industry when considered from the perspective of the Utilitarianism theory of
ethics, the stakeholders theory of management and others also reveal the fact that it is
unethical as well as derogatory and thereby likely to adversely affect the long-term growth or
the development of the hospitality industry.

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Research Methodology
Research Philosophy
Delen and Zolbanin (2018) are of the viewpoint that positivism research philosophy,
pragmatic research philosophy and interpretivism research philosophy are the three research
philosophies most commonly used by the researchers. The researchers for the completion of
this study intend to take the help of the pragmatic research philosophy. According to
Walliman (2017), the most important precept of the pragmatic research philosophy is that the
usage of a single perspective or viewpoint cannot help the researchers to adequately analyze
the research topic that had been selected for analysis by them. This helps the researchers to
enhance the quality of their study and it is because of these aspects that the researcher intends
to use this research philosophy for the completion of the study since the researcher is hoping
to enhance the quality of the study through the usage of multiple perspectives or viewpoints.
Research Approach
The researcher out of the two most commonly research approaches, namely, inductive
research approach and the deductive research approach, intends to use the deductive research
approach for the completion of the study. Sekaran and Bougie (2016) are of the viewpoint
that the deductive research approach is one wherein the researchers are required to take the
help of different theoretical models, observations, perspectives and others for testing the
validity or the reliability of the assumptions or the hypotheses formulated by them in the
study. Thus, the researcher is hoping that through the usage of this particular research
approach the researcher will be able to enhance the accuracy of the study by adequately
testing the validity or the reliability of the hypotheses and the assumptions formulated in this
study.

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Research Design
The researcher out of the three most commonly used research design, namely,
exploratory research design, descriptive research design and the explanatory research design,
had decided to take the help of the descriptive research design for the completion of the
study. Ghauri, Grønhaug and Strange (2020) are of the viewpoint that the descriptive research
design is the one which helps the researchers to correlate or for that matter to link the
findings obtained by them through the analysis of the secondary or the primary data collected
by them with the objectives of the study. Thus, the researcher intends to use this particular
research design since it will offer the opportunity to link the findings obtained from the
analysis of the secondary data that will be collected for this study with the objectives of the
study. This in turn will help the researcher to enhance the coherence of the study and thereby
enhance the quality of the entire study. It is in the light of these aspects that the researcher
had taken the help of the descriptive research design.
Data Collection Method
The researcher out of the two most commonly used data collection methods, namely,
primary data collection method and secondary data collection method, intends to take the
help of the secondary data collection method for the collection of the data or information
needed for the completion of the study. According to Gray (2019), the secondary data
collection method is the one which helps the researchers to collect information or data from
secondary sources of information like peer-reviewed articles, annual reports, credible
newspaper articles and others. The data or information collected from these sources are
usually reliable or credible, do not contain any significant amount of bias and others. Thus,
the researcher will take the help of the annual reports of the UK hospitality industry, different
credible newspaper articles, employee and customer reviews and others related to the
hospitality industry to analyze the challenges related to racism within the concerned industry.

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Data Analysis Method
The researcher out of the two most commonly used data analysis methods, namely,
quantitative data analysis method and qualitative data analysis method, intends to take the
help of the qualitative data analysis method. Bell, Bryman and Harley (2018) are of the
viewpoint that the qualitative data analysis method helps the researchers to analyze the non-
numerical or non-statistical information and thus it is seen that the researchers using the
secondary data collection method generally take the help of this data analysis method. More
precisely, the researcher intends to take the help of the framework of thematic analysis for the
analysis of the secondary data that would be collected for the completion of the study.
Structure of the Study
The structure which will be followed by the researcher for the completion of the study
is outlined by the below given figure-
Figure 1: Structure of the Study
Source: (Created by the Author)

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Timeline
The timeline that will be followed for the completion of the entire study is outlined by
the below given figure-
Figure 2: Timeline of the Study
Source: (Created by the Author)