Decision Making and Management in Business: A Comprehensive Report

This report delves into the crucial aspects of management and decision-making within a business context, focusing on organizational frameworks and problem-solving. It explores the significance of information in enhancing the effectiveness of the management process, highlighting the analytical competencies required by managers and the role of management information systems. The report also examines the increasing responsibilities of managers, emphasizing the importance of problem-solving skills, understanding cognitive styles, and navigating challenges such as crisis management. Furthermore, it analyzes the rational decision-making model, illustrating how organizations, such as Amazon's Kindle edition, can utilize this model to assess market trends, evaluate alternative courses of action, and enhance overall operational effectiveness. The report underscores the importance of adapting to information technology advancements and effectively managing internal and external factors to achieve organizational objectives.

Running head: MANAGEMENT AND DECISION MAKING IN BUSINESS
MANAGEMENT AND DECISION MAKING IN BUSINESS
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Introduction
The discussion will be aiming at understanding the needs of decision making
organizational frameworks. The different decisions that are undertaken by the organization
depend on the assessment of the different issues that are faced by the same, which has restricted
the smooth functioning as per the objectives.
Answer to Question: 1
Management process will be effective with the ample and adequate source of
information. This is due to the reason that the more will be the diverse sources of information,
the more will be the opportunities for the managers for analysis. According to Nazareth and Choi
(2015), analytical competencies are important for the managers in gaining advantages in the
management. This is due to the reason that in the case of Amazon’s Kindle edition, it is the
responsibility of the managers to identify the different trends and major business factors for the
organization and determining the organizational vision. Thus, in order to have this analytical
competency for the managers, they will require flow of information based on which the
managers will gain understanding and knowledge. Thus, as per the authors, information plays an
important role in enhancing the effectiveness of the management process and it will also help
Amazon’s Kindle edition in having their strategies according to the future scenario.
On the other hand, it is stated by Braglia and Frosolini (2014) that management
information system is one of the major trends being followed in the recent time in the
management process. This refers to the process of organizing the database of information in the
organization, which further helps the managers in having accurately programmed data in place
for different organizational requirements. In this case also, the authors have stated that

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information plays an important role in enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of the
management information system in Amazon’s Kindle edition. This is due to the fact that the
more will be the source of information; the more analysis can be done with the help of the
system. In addition, Petter, DeLone and McLean (2013) stated that information also determines
the quality and relevancy of the entire process of management information system. This is due to
the reason that more will be the access to the diverse information, the more will the analytical
competencies of the system. Managers can have the access to more high quality analysis and
outcome from the whole process.
According to Kwon, Lee and Shin (2014), there is a difference between the data and
information. This is due to the fact that data refers to the raw facts and figures, which is having
no benefits for the managers. On the other hand, information refers to more filtered facts, which
helps the managers in their decision making process. As per the authors, it is important for the
managers to have their facts and figures properly organized and filtered in order to have
maximum utility from the available resources. It is also to be noted that information helps the
managers in further segregating them for having more relevant outcome from the information
system. This will further helps the managers to have more effectiveness in their decision making
process by having the access to larger sources of information.
On the other hand, it should also be noted that in the recent time, information technology
is posing the challenge to traditional approach information management system. This is due to
the reason that emergence of information technology is changing more rapidly and frequently
than ever and it is causing issues for the managers in coping up. According to Bloom et al.,
(2014), information technology is having both negative and positive impacts in the management
process. One of the major downsides for the initiation of the informational technology is

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compatibility. This is due to the reason that information technology is having the requirement for
improved infrastructure, which will cause Amazon’s Kindle edition in incurring added cost. In
addition, with the rapid development in the technological sector, it is becoming for complex for
them in coping up with the change and rapidly improves and upgrades their infrastructure.
On the other hand, it is stated by Hu and Kapucu (2016) that information technology is
also having advantages for the organizations with one of the major advantages is the effective
communication process. This is due to the reason that with the help of the information
technology, all the internal stakeholders will be able to indulge in effective communication
process and generate information in larger basis. It is also being stated by the authors that the
more effective will be the communication process, the more will be the involvement of the
stakeholders in management process and the more will be the probability of emerging new
information. Thus it can be concluded that information technology can also help Amazon’s
Kindle edition in enhancing their existing management process along with a few disadvantages,
which will cause added cost for them. However, it should also be concluded that information is
the basic part or factor in the entire management process.
Answer to Question: 2
Managers are having a number of responsibilities to be looked after. In addition, in the
recent time, it is identified that the roles and responsibilities of managers are rapidly increasing
and covering much diverse areas. According to Hesse et al., (2015), one of the major
responsibilities expected from the contemporary managers is problem solving capability. This is
due to the reason that in the current business scenario, managers should have the problem solving
skills in order to overcome the different barriers and issues in the current business situations. The

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authors have also stated that in case of Amazon’s Kindle edition, managers play an important
role of serving as the intermediary between the different stakeholders. Thus, it is more important
for the managers to have the proper understanding about the issues being faced by the different
internal stakeholders and initiate the solution accordingly. In addition, it is also being stated by
the authors that in Amazon’s Kindle edition, mangers are not only responsible for managing the
daily activities and manage the employees but also they are tasked with planning, organizing and
other elements of management. Thus, it is important for them to play the role of problem solver
among the internal stakeholders.
On the other hand, it is also being stated by Erozkan (2013) that identification of the
cognitive styles of different individuals is also important for the managers in the decision making
process. This is due to the reason that in the current workplace scenario such as in Amazon’s
Kindle edition, employees are belonging from different social and cultural backgrounds. Thus, it
is important for the managers to have the effective communication and interpersonal skills to
understand the individual approach of the employees. This will further help them to identify the
differences among the employees can initiate the decision making process effectively. The more
will be the understanding of differences in cognitive attitude of the employees, the more will be
the ability of the mangers in building the consensus in the decision making process. It can be
concluded that ability to identify the differences among the employees and communication and
interpersonal skills helps the managers to be a more effective problem solver.
It is also important to note that managers of Amazon’s Kindle edition are also being
vulnerable to different sets of problem due to the dynamic and challenging business situation
being faced by Amazon’s Kindle edition in the global scenario. It is stated by Hwang, Hung and
Chen (2014) that one of the problems being identified is crisis problem. This is due to the reason

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that the current business and market scenario for Amazon’s Kindle edition is highly competitive
with the presence of huge number of competitors. In addition, the taste and preference pattern of
the customers are rapidly changing and evolving. This is further posing challenge and crisis for
the managers. In this case, it is stated by the authors that managers should have the ability of
managing the unexpected crisis at any point of time. These problems will also test the problem
solving skills of the managers and effectiveness of the resolving these issues will further
determine the extent to which decision making process for them will be effective.
Thus, it can be concluded that managers will be considered as the problem solver only
when they will be able to overcome the different problems being identified in the above sections.
According to Polson and Jeffries (2014), Amazon’s Kindle edition is operating in a highly
competitive business scenario and thus, the managers of them are facing the issues such as
uncertainty and rapid change in scenario of the market. Thus, as per the authors, the managers
should have the ability of overcoming the business uncertainty along with managing the
employee differences, which will further help them to be considered as the problem solver.
According to Savery (2015), emergence of the problems in the organization will also help the
managers to have more effective learning mechanism. This is due to the fact that the more
diverse will be the approach of the problem; the more will be the opportunities for the managers
to learn new factors and elements. This will further help them to have the required immunity
against the identified and most probable challenges in the workplace. Thus, as per the authors, it
will help the managers to improve their skills and expertise and will also enable them to enhance
their ability in the long term. They will be able to be considered as problem solver.

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Answer to question 3
The different decision making functions that are undertaken by the organizations are
based on the level of threats that are encountered by the same while operating in diverse
economies (Spillane, 2012). Amazon’s Kindle edition, the concerned business for the research,
aims at undertaking the rational decision making model in order to enhance the understanding of
the position of the business and the chief issues that are faced by the same while operating in
diverse economies (Savery, 2015). The rational decision making model of the organization has
helped the management in identifying the different issues that are faced by the same through an
evaluation of the market trends and the competencies that are faced by the business. On the other
hand, it will be helping the organization in evaluating the alternative course of actions that might
be considered by the business while facilitating the change in the business model.

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Figure 1: Rational decision- making model
(Source: Légaré & Witteman, 2013)
Weick (2012) stated that the assessment of the different issues that are faced by
organizations helps the management in enhancing the operations of the same while operating in
diverse international markets. The six stages of the rational decision making model will be
helping the management of Amazon’s Kindle edition in identifying the core issues that are faced
by the business through assessments of the market position and the different capabilities and
competencies of the business (Smith, 2014). On the other hand, the assessments of the different
behaviors of the stakeholders of the business will be helping the business in understanding the
collaborative approach and the support that the same would receive while implementing the
changes in the organizational model.

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The identification of the decision criteria and the value of the same in the organizational
model in mitigating the issues that are faced by the business are supported through the utilization
of the model. Oshima Lee and Emanuel (2013) stated that the decisions that are undertaken by
the management of organizations are dependent on bringing forth suitable changes in the
position of the enterprise. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the needs of undertaking the
decision is a necessary step that might be undertaken by the management in order to ensure the
smooth functioning of the business as per the objectives. On the contrary, prioritization of the
different decisions and alternatives will be helping the organization in identifying the
significance of the same in the organizational model.
The development of the organization is based on the decisions that are undertaken by the
management of the same as per the assessment of the situations. The different aspects of change
that are undertaken by the organizations are based on the assessment of the relative position off
the same while operating in the international markets. The assessment of the business position
and the identification of the needs of the same help the organizational management in
undertaking efficient decisions (Bolman & Deal, 2017). On the other hand, the consultation
functions that are undertaken by the management help the same in encouraging the involvement
of the stakeholders in the business processes. The involvement of the stakeholders in the
business processes helps the enterprise in facilitating change readiness and thereby removes all
resistances to the implementation of the decision.
Developing different alternatives and evaluation of the same will be helping the business
in strengthening the decision making process that is undertaken by the same. McAfee, A.,
Brynjolfsson et al. (2012) stated that the development of businesses are dependent on the
effectiveness of the decisions that are undertaken by the same in order to enhance the operations

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of the same while operating on the diverse range of issues. Implementing the decision on the
organizational model will be helping Amazon’s Kindle edition’s management in enhancing the
operations of the same while operating on the diverse range of changes in the organizational
position. The rationality of the decision that is undertaken by the organization depends on
thorough consultation with the stakeholders and the identification of the issues that are faced by
the enterprise (Oshima Lee & Emanuel, 2013). The key changes that are planned by the
organization are exhibited through the decisions that are understanding by the management. The
utilization of the rational decision making model will be helping the organization in maintaining
the efficacy of the operations as per its priorities. The development of different alternative
solutions to the problems and choosing the best option through assessments and justification will
be helping the organization in maintaining the efficacy of the operations. On the other hand, the
model will be allowing the businesses in prioritizing the issues that are faced by the same and
thereby frame strategies of mitigation.
Answer to question 4
The issues that might be faced by the organization while undertaking the decision are due
to resistances from the stakeholders, failure of the process, interpretation of Big Data and the
like. The issues in the decision making process affects the overall functioning of the businesses.
As per the case of Amazon’s Kindle edition, the employees resist the decisions that are
undertaken by the organization as the decision affected the interests of the same. Lack of
creativity in the decision making process of the business also affected the capability of the
organization to undertake efficient decisions. Lack of suitable interpretation of Big Data has
affected the organizational understanding of the position of the business in the international
markets. Vaiman, Scullion and Collings (2012) stated that the assessment of the different

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future prospects and the design of the processes as per the objectives of the business helps in
enhancing the organizational processes. The different aspects of change in the organizational
operations are based on the decisions that are undertaken by the management. However, issues
relating to resistance from the employees on the decisions that are undertaken by the
management might affect the operations of the same.
The key elements of change that are undertaken by the organization is based on the
identification of the needs of the same and prioritization of the different options that are available
to the management (Smith, 2014). On the other hand, lack of support from the different
stakeholders affects the decision making process that is being initiated by the organization. Craft
(2013) stated that the development of organizations are based on the involvement of the
stakeholders in the growth process. Change readiness among the stakeholders and the trust on the
management’s decision making capabilities will be helping the organization in undertaking the
smooth functioning of the enterprise operations. On the contrary, lack of creativity and design
thinking process might also affect the decision making prospects of the management. Bolman
and Deal (2017) stated that lack of proper communication is again an issue that might be faced
by the management while undertaking a decision. Communicability of the organizations helps in
enhancing the operations of the business through transmission of the objectives to the
stakeholders. However, lack of proper communicability affects the organizational capabilities of
undertaking the operations as per the needs of the business.
The organizations face issues in assessing the relative capabilities and competencies that
are faced by the same while undertaking the decision of change. It has affected the business
undertakings as per the plans of the business resulting to project failures. On the contrary, lack of
trust and interdependence of the management and the stakeholders also affects the decision

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making process through ambiguities in the understanding of the issues and the mitigation
strategies that might optimize the organizational position. The lack of proper assessments of the
capabilities of the organization has affected the understanding of the same relating to the type of
decision that might be considered by the management for the enhancements. The key changes
that are undertaken by the businesses are based on the identification of the type of decisions that
might be undertaken by the same to suit the purpose of organizational excellence while operating
in the diverse economies.
The different decision making functions that are undertaken by the organizations are
based on the assessment of the needs of the enterprise to survive in competitive environments.
Popovič et al. (2012) stated that the different changes that are undertaken by the businesses are
based on the decisions that are undertaken by the same. However, the issues that might be faced
by the organization while undertaking a decision affect the operations of the same. The key
changes in the organizational operations are based on the smooth functioning of the decision
making prospects and the support of the stakeholders. The change readiness among the
stakeholders and the innovativeness in the design thinking methodology of the business helps the
same in maintaining the efficacy of the same while operating in diverse international markets.
On the other hand, the different issues that are faced by the organization resists the functioning
of the business as per the needs of the same (Smith, 2014).
Conclusion
Therefore, it can be stated from the above discussion that the development of the
organizations depends on the decision making skills of the leaders. The lack of consistency in the
decision making systems of the businesses affects the progress of the organization. The