Intro to Business and Business Mathematics: Solar Panel Analysis

This report explores the intersection of solar panel technology, UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and business mathematics. It begins with an introduction to the SDGs, particularly SDG 7 (affordable and clean energy), and discusses how solar panel technology aligns with macroenvironmental factors. The report examines the opportunities and threats associated with solar panel technology, offering recommendations for improvement. Part B focuses on bi-facial solar panels, including the number required for a given land area. It then delves into financial analysis, comparing investment options in different banks and calculating maturity values over 20 and 7 years, considering varying interest rates to determine the best investment strategy for solar agriculture technology. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of solar panel implementation and its financial implications, referencing relevant sources.

INTRO TO BUSINESS AND
BUSINESS MATHEMATICS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
PART A...........................................................................................................................................1
1. UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).........................................................................1
2. Solar panel technology overlaps with two factors in macroenvironment of business.............1
3. Research on SDG 7, there must be performance of two factors..............................................2
4. Recommendations based on findings......................................................................................2
PART B...........................................................................................................................................3
Section A.....................................................................................................................................3
Section B......................................................................................................................................3
Section C......................................................................................................................................4
Section D.....................................................................................................................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
Business mathematics have been used by the commercial enterprises in terms of recording
and managing the business functions. This method has been used in counting, inventory
management, financial analysis as well as forecasting of sales and demand will be calculated
through it. In the present report, there will be discussion based on UN’s Sustainable
Development Goal (SDG) in respect with developing health and education, reduction in poverty,
inequality as well as making effective economic growth.
PART A
1. UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
In Sustainable Development Goals there has been development of 17 goals which were
based on improving the economical as well as environmental conditions. However, in
accordance with the SDG-7 which have represented objective for affordable and clean energy. It
has been analysed that in recent year as per the growth in population there have been raise in the
electricity consumption around 1.7 billion in 2010. Thus, the impact of fossil fuels and raising
Greenhouse gas emission have affected environment and climate system.
Moreover, it has been approached under 170 countries to determine the alternative ways on
which implicating clean sources of energy will be effective such as solar, thermal and wind
(Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy, 2017). Thus, in the case
government is planning to bring the cost-effective standards which result in reducing the global
electricity consumption mainly in building and industries around 14%.
2. Solar panel technology overlaps with two factors in macroenvironment of business
Increasing the use of solar panel technology have been impacting raising the technological
influences in a country. The biggest concern of government in for improving economy as well as
reducing the causes which affects environment. Therefore, on which identifying the alternatives
resources such as solar, wind and thermal energy will affect in reducing global electricity
consumption (Najafi and Haghighi, 2019).
Technological factors:
Engineers and governmental bodies are making efforts with reference to make increment in
the technologies. Efficiency of soral panel such as converting the energy kinetic energy into
potential energy required effective technical improvements (Hua, Fang and Wong, 2018). Thus,
1

there must be collection of Units of energy in a day must be improved and increased to have
better sources of power.
Environmental factors:
In terms of analysing the environmental factors on which government have emphasised to
bring effective control over temperature, soiling as well as various operations (Goto and et.al.,
2018). Thus, it can be effective and assistive to manage and facilitate cost effective energy
resources among society.
3. Research on SDG 7, there must be performance of two factors
A. Two opportunities resulting from the dollar panel technology and value added for
consumer and business as well.
There have been various opportunities by installation of soral panel in terms of adding the
value for business and consumers such as:
 Raise in the value of commercial property: It has been analysed that the businesses which
are using Solar Panel techniques in their businesses where they can be effective in terms
of raising the value of property (Shakeri and et.al., 2018).
 Therefore, the high quality solar panels are reliable and effective for the business to have
control over consumption of fossil fuel.
B. Two threats from solar panel technology
 Installation of a Solar Panel will require higher costs of investment in this project. Thus,
the maintenance charges as well as utilisation of such resources will not eb effective in
bringing the accurate returns (Najafi and Haghighi, 2019).
 There have been impacts of seasonal variations on the functioning of these solar panel.
Mainly in winters and rainy season.
4. Recommendations based on findings
With reference to mitigate the threats there must be improved in the technologies used for
such panels. However, there are several recommendations which will be effective with reference
to make adequate operational changes such as:
 Improving efficiency of such devices such as extracting energy from the sun rays
 Selecting alternative resources used in the devices which will be effective in terms of
reducing cost and improving sales revenue of firm (Hua, Fang and Wong, 2018).
2

PART B
Section A.
Summary of information regarding Bi-Facial solar panel
In reference to the Bi-facial solar panel whereas these solar panels are different from the
traditionally used Solar panel. The efficiency of these panels it that they can produce energy
from both sides. It impacts on reducing the cost on installation as well as it generates
comparatively higher energy than those traditional ones (Goto and et.al., 2018). However, in case
of Fraunhofer Institute to develop the bi-facial solar panels that will be used on agricultural land
will be effective and beneficial in generating the adequate volume of energy. It has been assumed
that, this approach will impact on raising the production of corps and energy at 60%.
Section B.
Number of bi-facial solar panels required
3

By considering the number of bi-facial Solar panel has been required in the 1/3rd Hectare
of land are 720. Similarly, it has been required for the completed 1 hectare around 2160 Bi-facial
such as:
no. of panels
1/3 hectare 3 acres 720
1 hectare 9 acres 2160
Section C
A. Determining the measures reflecting difference maturity value in 20 years
In analysing the operational initiative of the business on which making investment in the
banks as well as analysing the maturity value. Thus, it has been measured on the basis of interest
rates offered by different banks are varying with each other it can be analysed such as:
Banks
cost of project
for 1 hectare
interest
rate
Years of
maturity maturity value =P*(1+R%)^N
UOB bank 150000 2% 20 214312.16
RHB Bank 150000 4% 20 344835.95
DBS bank 150000 6% 20 481070.32
However, as per analysing the maturity value outcomes as per different interest rates
offered by different banks on which it can be said that Mr. Danial must invest in DBS bank as
per having the comparatively higher maturity value than other banks.
B. Expansion of solar agriculture technology in next 10 years
UOB Bank
Years Cash Interest rate (1.80%) PV
0
1 150000 0.9823 147347.74
2 150000 0.9649 144742.38
3 150000 0.9479 142183.08
4 150000 0.9311 139669.04
5 150000 0.9147 137199.45
6 150000 0.8985 134773.53
7 150000 0.8826 132390.50
8 150000 0.8670 130049.60
9 150000 0.8517 127750.10
10 150000 0.8366 125491.26
4

Total PV 1361596.68
RHB Bank
Years Cash Interest rate (4.25%) PV
0
1 150000 0.9592 143884.892
2 150000 0.9201 138019.081
3 150000 0.8826 132392.404
4 150000 0.8466 126995.112
5 150000 0.8121 121817.853
6 150000 0.7790 116851.658
7 150000 0.7473 112087.921
8 150000 0.7168 107518.389
9 150000 0.6876 103135.146
10 150000 0.6595 98930.5953
Total PV 1201633.05
DBS bank
Years Cash Interest rate (6%) PV
0
1 150000 0.94 141509.43
2 150000 0.89 133499.47
3 150000 0.84 125942.89
4 150000 0.79 118814.05
5 150000 0.75 112088.73
6 150000 0.70 105744.08
7 150000 0.67 99758.57
8 150000 0.63 94111.86
9 150000 0.59 88784.77
10 150000 0.56 83759.22
Total PV 1104013.06
In relation with analysing the costs which are required to be invested by the business in
terms of meeting the 150000 of investment in 10 years of period. Where banks such as UOB,
RHB and DBS has been analysed to bring outcomes. On the basis of which it has been
recommended to Solar agriculture technology to make investment in DBS bank as it will reflect
the 6% of returns to be made per year. Therefore, the amount will be recovered at 1104013.06 of
investment.
5

Section D
84 months= 84/12
= 7 Years
UOB Bank
Years Cash Interest rate (1.80%) PV
0
1 150000 0.9823 147347.74
2 150000 0.9649 144742.38
3 150000 0.9479 142183.08
4 150000 0.9311 139669.04
5 150000 0.9147 137199.45
6 150000 0.8985 134773.53
7 150000 0.8826 132390.50
Total PV 978305.71
RHB Bank
Years Cash Interest rate (4.25%) PV
0
1 150000 0.9592 143884.892
2 150000 0.9201 138019.081
3 150000 0.8826 132392.404
4 150000 0.8466 126995.112
5 150000 0.8121 121817.853
6 150000 0.7790 116851.658
7 150000 0.7473 112087.921
Total PV 892048.92
DBS bank
Years Cash Interest rate (6%) PV
0
1 150000 0.94 141509.43
2 150000 0.89 133499.47
3 150000 0.84 125942.89
4 150000 0.79 118814.05
5 150000 0.75 112088.73
6 150000 0.70 105744.08
7 150000 0.67 99758.57
Total PV 837357.22
6

By considering the 7 years of period for the investment on the estimate fund to be required
by the business is 150000RM. However, with the different interest rates applicated in banks on
which UOB, RHB and DBS. Moreover, on which it can be said that, business must go for
accepting the offer of DBS bank at 6%. Therefore, it requires the lowest payback from the
business which is due to comparatively higher interest rates.
CONCLUSION
On the basis of above report, it can be said that installation of Solar Panel system is an
effective investment on which government should comply. The project was developing the solar
panel system on the agriculture land which will on that much height which will be effective for
the growth of crops as well as effective for energy generation. Further, there has been analyse
over the costs of installation of such plant on the basis of interest rates offered by bank in
Singapore.
7

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Goto, Y. and et.al., 2018. A particulate photocatalyst water-splitting panel for large-scale solar
hydrogen generation. Joule. 2(3). pp.509-520.
Hua, C. C., Fang, Y. H. and Wong, C. J., 2018. Improved solar system with maximum power
point tracking. IET Renewable Power Generation. 12(7). pp.806-814.
Najafi, N. Z. and Haghighi, A. P., 2019. Anticipating an efficient relative humidity in a room
under direct solar radiation and equipped by radiant cooling panel system. International
Journal of Refrigeration. 98. pp.98-108.
Shakeri, M. and et.al., 2018. Implementation of a novel home energy management system
(HEMS) architecture with solar photovoltaic system as supplementary source. Renewable
energy. 125. pp.108-120.
Online
Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy. 2017. [Online]. Available
through :< https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/energy/ >.
8