This report provides an in-depth analysis of different business structures, including micro, small, medium, and large businesses, as well as sole trader, partnership, limited liability, public limited liability, and cooperative structures. The report further explores how organizational structures, such as functional, divisional, and matrix structures, affect business productivity. It also examines the impact of external factors, categorized using PESTLE analysis (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal), on the performance of a business, using Marks & Spencer as a case study. The analysis considers how factors like Brexit, economic shifts, social trends, technological advancements, environmental concerns, and legal regulations influence business operations and profitability. The report highlights the importance of adapting to these factors to ensure sustained success and development.