School of Business Prototyping Presentation - ISY00243

This presentation provides an overview of prototyping in the context of systems analysis and design. It begins by defining a prototype as a draft version of a product used to explore design concepts before full-scale development. The presentation then categorizes prototypes into two main types: low-fidelity (e.g., hand-made mockups) and high-fidelity (closely resembling the final product). It highlights the advantages of prototyping, such as reduced costs, increased user involvement, early error detection, and quick feedback. Conversely, it acknowledges the disadvantages, including incomplete problem analysis and potential user confusion. The presentation includes an example of a smartphone user interface prototype and references relevant academic sources.

Prototyping

What is a Prototype?
 Draft version of the product.
 Overall design concept to users before development.
 Explore the design of a product before production of
the actual product.
 Example: A small version of any product that actually
resembles with the actual product (Homburg,
Schwemmle and Kuehnl 2015).

Types of Prototype
 There are mainly two types of prototype
 Low-fidelity Prototype (e.g.- hand made mock ups or
printouts.)
 High fidelity prototype (e.g.- Almost look like the actual
product)
Low fidelity prototype

Advantages of Prototype
 Reduced cost and time
 Increased and improved user involvement.
 Early detection of error.
 Identification of missing functionality
 Validation of requirements
 Assessing the user feedback quickly.
Easy to use prototype

Disadvantages of Prototype
 Incomplete problem analysis
 Confusion of the users
 Misunderstanding of users objectives
 Excessive development time
 Misguiding the users.
Complex prototype

Example
 In this image, a user interface of a smart
phone design is showed.
 The first two prototypes are low fidelity
prototypes.
 The third one is high-fidelity prototype and
it is observed that it is quite similar with
the final product.
 The 4th image is the actual product.
Prototype to product
development stages

References
 Homburg, C., Schwemmle, M. and Kuehnl, C., 2015. New product design: Concept,
measurement, and consequences. Journal of Marketing, 79(3), pp.41-56.
 Odom, W., Wakkary, R., Lim, Y.K., Desjardins, A., Hengeveld, B. and Banks, R., 2016, May.
From research prototype to research product. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on
Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 2549-2561). ACM.