COIT20249 Report: Evaluating 3D Printing Technology in Business

This report discusses the relevance of incorporating 3D printing technology into a company specializing in printer and computer creation, operating in Australia with plans for global expansion. It evaluates the technology, its applications across industries, implications, and both advantages and disadvantages. The report also addresses ethical, social, and legal considerations. It recommends the use of 3D printing for circuitry design, prototype modeling, and standardized board experimentation, highlighting potential benefits like cost reduction, faster product design, and minimal waste. The report also acknowledges potential drawbacks, including innovation slowdowns and suitability concerns, emphasizing the need for careful consideration of social, political, legal, and environmental factors.

Running head: PROFESSIONAL SKILLS FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
PROFESSIONAL SKILLS FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Name of the University
Name of the student
Author Note

1PROFESSIONAL SKILLS FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................3
Brief introduction of the case study.......................................................................................3
Aim of the report....................................................................................................................3
Purpose of the report..............................................................................................................4
Discussion..................................................................................................................................4
Definition of 3D technology..................................................................................................4
Developments in the field......................................................................................................4
Different types of applications that use 3D Printing Technology..........................................5
The current uses in both the manufacturing and medical industries......................................7
Three 3D Printing Technology based applications for the organisation................................8
Potential advantages and disadvantages of the applications..................................................9
Ethical, social and legal point of view of the applications...................................................11
Recommendation..................................................................................................................12
Conclusion................................................................................................................................13
References................................................................................................................................14

2PROFESSIONAL SKILLS FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Introduction
Brief introduction of the case study
In the mentioned report, the author has discussed about 3D printing technology and
whether incorporating the technology will be relevant for the company or not. The
organization that is mentioned in the case study deals with the business of cresting printers
and computers and has been operating in Australia for over 10 years now. The main objective
of the organization is to expand its business services all around the world especially to United
States and other parts of Australia. Moreover, the organization plans to do the following in
the cheapest way possible without the need for additional expensive infrastructures. Due to
the expansion plans, the organization is specifically concerned about the ethical, social and
legal aspects of the new technology and its implications on the business process of the
company.
Aim of the report
The aim of the report is written as follows:-
 To evaluate the technology related to 3D printing process
 To check its various applications in several industries
 To understand the implications of the mentioned technology
 To discuss the pros and cons of the mentioned technology
 To discuss the recommendations to prevent the mentioned issues

3PROFESSIONAL SKILLS FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Purpose of the report
The purpose of the report is aimed towards the Australian manufacturing business
which are planning to incorporate the advantages of 3D printing technology for expansion
purposes and wants to evaluate its implications.
Discussion
Definition of 3D technology
The 3D printing technology involves a CAM device or Computer aided
manufacturing device that is used to create three dimensional materials. The technology uses
data from a computer just like traditional printing devices, but instead of printing the output
on a piece of paper, the printer prints the model in 3D from a custom made raw material. It is
also refereed as additive manufacturing where the technology puts 2D layers one after
another to model a 3D material. This new technology created the 3d models from scratch so
the waste generation in using this technology is also minimal than the subtractive
manufacturing process. The technology uses the digital file of the model through a CAD
software. It is then converted into a standard tessellation language fie (STL file) which
changes the model into geometrical shapes. Just like any other technology, this technology
also utilizes the slicing mechanism before the printing process and the final result of the
design depends on the material, project timeline and used technology.
Developments in the Field
In the course of the years, 3D printing technology has seen a number of innovations.
One of the recent developments in the field of this technology is speed printing. The layering
methodology is used in most of the processes of 3D printing technology. The process tends to

4PROFESSIONAL SKILLS FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
be very slow and cumbersome. To address this issue, Carbon3D brought a revolutionizing
technology that changes the entire concept of 3D printing by introducing polymer designing
(Macdonald et al. 2014). This technology is touted to be over 100 times faster than normal
traditional process of 3D printing. The technology includes creating a monolithic design
directly from a pool of customized polymer.
Figure 2: Engineering resin
(Source: Macdonald et al. 2014)
Another recent development that happed in 2017 was the invention of 3D printed
vaccines. This has revolutionized the health care sector as this technology has the capability
to provod3 multiple vaccinations from a single vaccine. This technology was developed by
MITR engineers who used this technology alongside the researchers in StampED (with SEAL
technology) to create a 3d micro particle that can contain more than one vaccines inside it.
The benefit of using this technology is that the micro particle can be degraded biologically
according to certain rates of degradation.

5PROFESSIONAL SKILLS FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Different types of applications that use 3D Printing Technology
3D printing technology has a number of applications in different fields. For creating
customized shoes and orthotics, a company named as SOLS uses 3d printing technology to
cater to individual requests of its clients. SOLS has already started manufacturing theses
shoes to make cheaper and faster designing of customized shoes (Bogue, 2013). Moreover,
customers also have the ability to order their customized shoes with the help of a mobile app.
Another application of 3D printing technology is in circuit designing. A company
known as Nano Dimension make use of this technology by using special customized silver
based nano inks (Otfinoski, 2016). The company has invested in this circuit designing
technology to save the manufacturers a lot of time in develeoping intricate technologies.
Boeing, the airline company uses 3D printing technology extensively to create
military and commercial planes. They possess over 20000 printers which are used to create
parts for their airplanes such as 787 Dreamliner where over 30 parts of the plane was
manufactured with 3D printing. the Stratasys 3D printers is used by the company to create
venting ducts, doors hinges and other intricate parts that are difficult and time consuming to
manufacture by traditional processes (Bogue, 2013).
In the medical department, 3D printing technology is used to create prosthetics,
plastic surgeries, stem cell research and more. The Company known as Luxexcel uses this
particular technology to make ophthalmic lenses (Lee et al. 2014). With the use of 3d printing
technology, the company has the capability to make customized lenses for each individual
requests as well as coated and occupational lenses.
Another company has revolutionised the 3d printing technology by bringing in a
delivery timing of 24 hours. The company is known as FicTiv and requires the client the

6PROFESSIONAL SKILLS FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
CAD file in their database. After uploading the database, the company manufacturers the
design within a timeline of one day and delivers it to the prospective client.
The current uses in both the manufacturing and medical industries
The 3d printing technology is used extensively in manufacturing industries nowadays.
The technology is used in 3D sand printers to make casting mould that are utilised in the
transportation business. Normally, it takes more than six months to create a casting mould.
But with this technology the same mould can be created in less than one week. It takes half
the manufacturing cost to make turbine blade with 3d printing technology (Perritano, 2017).
Other uses of 3d printing in the manufacturing industries include housing compressors, ATP
engines, heat exchangers and dishwater components.
Figure 3: usage of 3D technology for medical applications
(Source: Lee et al. 2014)
In the medical scenario, the 3D printing technology is used in a wide variety of
applications. One such major application in this sector is printing bone structure for bone

7PROFESSIONAL SKILLS FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
fracture victims. Other applications include prosthetics, plastic moulds and stem cell research.
This technology van also be employed to make stethoscopes (Bingheng & Dichen, 2013).
Nowadays, medical scientists use 3D printing technology to make special drugs and bio
printed cells as per the needs of the patients. Even this technology can be used in the field of
dentistry.
Three 3D Printing Technology based applications for the organisation
In the business process of the organization, the technology employed by Nano
dimensions can be included for the betterment of the organizational objectives. To make
small circuitry designing which is essential for the organization, silver based Nano inks can
be used. To make the PCB boards, the organization can make use of heat based curing
system. As the cost of making PCB is very expensive with traditional processes, including the
3D printing technology can enable the company to save a lot of money and time (Chua &
Leong, 2014). Due to the individual location of the printers in every parts of the organization,
the transportation costs will be minimal. The organisation can make use of a dielectric
substance where they can put the Nano ink to make the intricate circuitry.
The second application of this technology in the mentioned organization will be its
efficiency and the ability to rethink the designing process. The organization can invest in
making standardized boards and experiment on them according to their geometry, form and
factor.
Another application of this technology in the mentioned organization is the ability of
the organization to make prototype models in a small scale. Innovation is necessary for
making parts of a computer. The hardware needs to be put in different models of a computer.
The technology can be used by manufacturers to make prototype models that suits the best

8PROFESSIONAL SKILLS FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
needs of the clients. This will help the team to discuss together whether the prototype model
is free to go the final developmental stage or if improvements are necessary.
Potential advantages and disadvantages of the applications
The applications of the technology has several advantages as well as disadvantages
for the mentioned organisation. The new technology has the capability to be used in several
manufacturing applications such as faster product designing, cost reduction, testing of
products and advanced customization. It can be also used for rapid customization of certain
products.
Figure 4: 3D printing vs Traditional manufacturing of other industry
(Source: Dudek, 2013)
Another advantage of the application in the mentioned organisation is that the entire
manufacturing process can be conducted in a single step with the added benefit of lower cost.
This eliminates the need for depending on extra manufacturing process as the entire

9PROFESSIONAL SKILLS FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
manufacturing process can be done in one step with the help of 3D printing technology. The
technology can be used as soon as the CAD file is uploaded in the printer.
Figure 5: 3D printer in medical application
(Source: Lee et al. 2014)
One more advantage of the technology in the mentioned organization is the ease of
accessibility that is offered by the technology in making printers and computers. Unlike the
traditional methods of manufacturing, using a 3D printer requires less staff and expertise
(Pîrjan & Petrosanu, 2013). This is the reason why the numbers of 3D printers being sold has
risen since 2011. Moreover, the learning curve of accessing a 3d printer is very less compared
to the other existing technologies.

10PROFESSIONAL SKILLS FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
The last advantage that the mentioned organization will benefit by using this
technology is the minimum wastage that will be generated during the manufacturing process.
The raw materials that are used in the 3D printing technologies normally do not produce any
waste or can be reused which reduces the carbon footprint.
One of the main disadvantages of using this technology in the mentioned organisation
is the slowdown of certain innovations such as rapid prototyping as well as tool development
(Budmen & Rotolo, 2013). This is because 3d technologies inhibits several step of traditional
manufacturing.
The second disadvantage of using this technology is that in several cases, 3d printing
is not suitable for certain product development. As the social, political, legal and
environmental factors of the technology are still not explored clearly yet and the basic
impacts that the technology exhibits are still unknown, it is still unclear if using the
technology in several institutions is viable or not (Canessa et al. 2013). Moreover, using the
technology may have indirect effects such as los of valuable resources and unnecessary
complications.
Too much consumption of energy is another concern that is a major disadvantage for
the technology. The printers normally use over 100 times more the energy used by lasers to
melt materials. The technology is only viable to use when the batch of electronics is limited
in quantity (Moon et al. 2014). If the technology is used in the mentioned company in large
quantity, it will generate huge energy consumption which will directly affect the business
process of the company.
The next disadvantage of utilising the technology in the mentioned organisation is due
to its pricing. Using 3D printing technology is normally expensive and the companies have to
invest at least over a million dollars on this technology initially (Lee et al. 2014). Also the

11PROFESSIONAL SKILLS FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
raw materials that are used in this technology are not always abundant and the machines need
a qualified maintenance crew.
The last disadvantage of using this technology is the limited access to the raw
materials that are used for making circuitry designing. The ink that is used in this process is
silver based and is not naturally made. Moreover, it is not abundant in supply and the
materials that are used to replace the ink do not provide conclusive results (Espalin et al.
2014).
Ethical, social and legal point of view of the applications
The ethical view of the mentioned applications of 3D printing technology is that
several projects receive enormous funding for R&D purposes. For computers and printers,
several prototypes needs to be created to show which one is ready for deployment for
commercial use. The funding comes from a third party who are generally not aware of the
intricate details the project (Mikołajewska et al. 2014). The ethical issue here that arises is
that how can the third party assess which project needs more funding over another and how
can they justify their importance over the other.

12PROFESSIONAL SKILLS FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Figure 6: 3D printing
(Source: Espalin et al. 2014)
The social aspect of the technology that arises from its use is that due to the
application of 3D printing technology, several processes of the subtractive manufacturing are
eliminated (Gebler, Uiterkamp & Visser, 2014). This directly affects the jobs of the people
who are working into these manufacturing processes. Although the new technology has the
potential to reduce labour costs, it directly leads to the loss of jobs that can socially affect the
financial conditions of the people and increase in employment as well as low skilled jobs.
The legal point of view of the application in this 3d printing technology is the
copyright infringement that occurs due to its use if it is not carefully observed. To
manufacture a certain product with this technology, the organization only requires a blueprint
of the design that is put inside the CAD file (Chia & Wu, 2015). The organization can make
the required design of the printers and computers without thinking about the patent violations.
In the future, the organization can face difficulties from other companies due to the copyright
infringement which would affect the business process of the organization.

13PROFESSIONAL SKILLS FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Recommendation
The first recommendation for the mentioned organization is that the organizational
can use the 3D printing technology as an additive technology and use the existing traditional
manufacturing processes. In this way, it can address the social aspect of the technology by
retaining the jobs of the individuals who work in the subtractive manufacturing process of the
organization (Dudek, 2013).
Figure 7: 3D printed shoes
(Source: Lee et al. 2014)
The second recommendation for the organization is thorough analysis of the legal
laws to check if they are violating nay patent laws or not. This will help to address the legal
aspects of the technology. The sustainability of the company can be kept in check if proper
step are taken to reduce the number of copyright infringements that can occur due to the 3D
printing technology blueprints.

14PROFESSIONAL SKILLS FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
The third recommendation for the organization in incorporating the chosen
technology s to find a proper replacement material that can be used in the 3d printing process.
Currently, the raw materials that are employed in the printing process are very rare and
expensive and the replacement materials are not that good in creating proper final products
(O'Neill & Williams, 2018). The organization needs to invest in R&D to find a material that
can be feasible for the manufacturing process in a large scale.
Conclusion
To conclude the report, it can be stated that the organization will benefit a lot by
incorporating 3D printing technology in its business processes. The CEO of the mentioned
organization needs to consider using the new technology alongside the traditional
manufacturing process for the benefit of the organization. In the report, the advantages and
disadvantages in incorporating the technology in the manufacturing process of the company
has been discussed. The report also assesses the current use of the 3D printing technology and
discusses it from a social, legal and ethical point of view. The capabilities of the technology
in influencing the manufacturing of certain industries in Australia has been discussed and the
negative aspects of the technology has been discussed as well.
The CEO of the organization needs to consider the repercussions that the technology
might have after implementing the technology. Instead of fully replacing the traditional
modes of manufacturing, the CEO needs to consider the social aspect of the technology and
use it workforce to carry on the traditional manufacturing process as long as proper research
is done to evaluate the effect of 3D printing in manufacturing sector. To expand the business
processes of the organization, the CEO needs to incorporate the 3D printing mechanisms in
certain sectors of the organization and check the potential impacts it has on the business

15PROFESSIONAL SKILLS FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
process of the company Moreover, if the expansion plans go as planned the organization
needs to consider a risk management plan to counter the negative effects of the
implementation strategy

16PROFESSIONAL SKILLS FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
References
Barnatt, C. (2014). 3D Printing. ExplainingTheFuture. com.
Bingheng, L., & Dichen, L. (2013). Development of the additive manufacturing (3D printing)
technology. Machine Building & Automation, 4, 001.
Bogue, R. (2013). 3D printing: the dawn of a new era in manufacturing?. Assembly
Automation, 33(4), 307-311.
Budmen, I., & Rotolo, A. (2013). The book on 3D Printing. CreateSpace.
Canessa, E., Fonda, C., Zennaro, M., & Deadline, N. (2013). Low-‐cost 3D printing for
science, education and sustainable development. Low-Cost 3D Printing, 11.
Chia, H. N., & Wu, B. M. (2015). Recent advances in 3D printing of biomaterials. Journal of
biological engineering, 9(1), 4.
Chua, C. K., & Leong, K. F. (2014). 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing: Principles and
Applications (with Companion Media Pack) of Rapid Prototyping Fourth Edition.
World Scientific Publishing Company.
Dudek, P. (2013). FDM 3D printing technology in manufacturing composite
elements. Archives of Metallurgy and Materials, 58(4), 1415-1418.
Espalin, D., Muse, D. W., MacDonald, E., & Wicker, R. B. (2014). 3D Printing
multifunctionality: structures with electronics. The International Journal of Advanced
Manufacturing Technology, 72(5-8), 963-978.
Gebler, M., Uiterkamp, A. J. S., & Visser, C. (2014). A global sustainability perspective on
3D printing technologies. Energy Policy, 74, 158-167.

17PROFESSIONAL SKILLS FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Lee, J. S., Hong, J. M., Jung, J. W., Shim, J. H., Oh, J. H., & Cho, D. W. (2014). 3D printing
of composite tissue with complex shape applied to ear
regeneration. Biofabrication, 6(2), 024103.
Lee, J. Y., Tan, W. S., An, J., Chua, C. K., Tang, C. Y., Fane, A. G., & Chong, T. H. (2016).
The potential to enhance membrane module design with 3D printing
technology. Journal of Membrane Science, 499, 480-490.
Lee, V. K., Kim, D. Y., Ngo, H., Lee, Y., Seo, L., Yoo, S. S., ... & Dai, G. (2014). Creating
perfused functional vascular channels using 3D bio-printing
technology. Biomaterials, 35(28), 8092-8102.
Lipson, H., & Kurman, M. (2013). Fabricated: The new world of 3D printing. John Wiley &
Sons.
Lipson, H., & Kurman, M. (2013). Fabricated: The new world of 3D printing. John Wiley &
Sons.
Macdonald, E., Salas, R., Espalin, D., Perez, M., Aguilera, E., Muse, D., & Wicker, R. B.
(2014). 3D printing for the rapid prototyping of structural electronics. IEEE Access, 2,
234-242.
Mikołajewska, E., Macko, M., Ziarnecki, Ł., Stańczak, S., Kawalec, P., & Mikołajewski, D.
(2014). 3D printing technologies in rehabilitation engineering.
Moon, S. K., Tan, Y. E., Hwang, J., & Yoon, Y. J. (2014). Application of 3D printing
technology for designing light-weight unmanned aerial vehicle wing
structures. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green
Technology, 1(3), 223-228.
O'Neill, T., & Williams, J. (2018). 3D printing.

18PROFESSIONAL SKILLS FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Otfinoski, S. (2016). 3D printing.
Park, J. Y., Shim, J. H., Choi, S. A., Jang, J., Kim, M., Lee, S. H., & Cho, D. W. (2015). 3D
printing technology to control BMP-2 and VEGF delivery spatially and temporally to
promote large-volume bone regeneration. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 3(27),
5415-5425.
Perritano, J. (2017). 3D printing.
Pîrjan, A., & Petrosanu, D. M. (2013). The impact of 3D printing technology on the society
and economy. Journal of Information Systems & Operations Management, 1.