A Report on Research Design, Methodology and Data Analysis

This report provides a comprehensive overview of research design and methodology, focusing on their application in business research. It discusses various research types, including exploratory research, and different research approaches such as qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods. The report details data collection techniques, differentiating between primary and secondary data sources, and explains the importance of observation and surveys. It also covers sampling methods, sample size determination, data analysis techniques, and ethical considerations in research. The report highlights the use of both qualitative and quantitative research approaches in gathering data and determining solutions, emphasizing the accuracy, reliability, and dependability of the information obtained. The study uses random sampling and selects a sample size of approximately 100 people, with data randomly referred from 80 selected respondents for further study and investigation.

PART A 4

Contents
Research Design and Methodology.......................................................................................................3
Research type....................................................................................................................................3
Research approach.............................................................................................................................3
Data collection...................................................................................................................................4
Observation for qualitative research/ survey quantitative research....................................................5
Sampling and sample size..................................................................................................................6
Data analysis......................................................................................................................................7
Ethical consideration.........................................................................................................................8
References.............................................................................................................................................9

Research Design and Methodology
The research methodology is the aspect which is very necessary for the investigators to take
in consideration as there are information and data that is required by the investigators to
attain specific and valid data. There is different aspect that is considered by the research as
the research methods. It has become very necessary and important for the researchers to
understand the needs and necessity of the research methods. Different methods and research
strategies are used by the researchers in this study to attain the long-term usability of the data
and information along with this the guidance to the study will also get attained with the
effective and right use of the research methodologies. Below are the research methodologies
that will get used in this study-
Research type
The research type is of different manner which is helping in caring out the research study in
the effective and in a proper and well-structured manner. There are various ways through
which the research can be get performed. It is very necessary for the researchers to
understand the nature of the selective topic so that the best and most effective research type
can be used. Exploratory, descriptive, experimental, causal and effect, case study all these are
the methods that can be used by the researchers to perform the investigation in the proper and
in an effective manner (Lewis, 2015).
In this study, the exploratory research method has been used. This is one of the best method
as this has helped the researchers to attain the valid and reliable information in a detailed
manner. This is very important for the researchers as this is helping the information to get
attained in an in-depth manner. This is also assisting the learners and the respective people
who will be using the data to access detail and core understanding for the subjective aspect.
Using the research type of exploratory is beneficial for the researchers. In a research study
there is a high need of such information that will be availing data in a detailed manner. The
research study that will get done through the exploratory method is aiding the research stay to
get attain the required information and data (Merriam, 2015). The investigation is also get
performed in the manner which will help in reaching the set standards and aim of the study.
The problems and issues that is faced can be able to get resolved with the exploratory
research type.
Research approach
The research approach or method are the techniques that is used by investigators to carry out
the investigation in a systematic manner. With the right and effective use of the research

methods/approach the investigation will get to reach to the track which is needed for a
research study. The research approach is of three types quantitative method, qualitative
method and mixed method. All the three approaches are very effectively and appropriately
utilized by the investigators in the study (Friend and Jessop, 2013). The need of opting the
right method is very high as this will make the research study to get performed in the proper
and in a well-structured manner. The research qualitative research approach is the method
where the research study is get performed with the effective and appropriate use of themes
and perceptions. There is not presence of statistical or numerical tools that will be used in the
technique. Only the perception and themes are used to understand the entire research study.
The investigation with the use of quantitative research approach is get done with the right use
of numerical tools, such as mean median, mode, correlation, regression and so on. With the
use of this the researchers are able to carry out the experimental research. It is very important
and essential for the researchers to understand the right and exact information so as to draw
and clear and well-defined manner.
The mixed research method is another very important aspect which is helping the researchers
to perform the investigation in the proper manner (Sekaran and Bougie, 2016). Here both the
qualitative and quantitative method are equally used to attain more effective and reliable
information. The data and information that is getting attained in the research study is the
mixed method as there is use of both the techniques while gathering the information and data.
Data collection
The collection and gathering of data is the method that is been used by the researchers to
collate the required information for the study. The data and information are one of the major
aspect which is very necessary for the research study. There is great impact of gathering
information and data in the research study as with the effective use of this the study will get
to reach to its end and set goals. There are majorly two ways that are used by the researchers
to collect the data and information. Primary data collection is the method that is been used by
the researchers to attain the primary information which has not yet collected or gathered by
anyone. The primary data is the method which can be able to get attained in the different
manner. The researchers here can use different methods like, questionnaire, survey,
interviews, telephonic interview and so on (Goodman, et. al., 2013). These are the ways by
which the researchers are using the primary sources/method to gather the data and
information.

The other method is secondary data. In this method the investigators are concerning more
about the data and information regarding the subjective aspect through secondary sources
such as the books, journals, online websites, magazines, business papers. All these mentioned
aspects are useful for the research study as this is assisting the researchers to carry out the
investigations in the proper manner. The secondary data is the method which is aiding the
researchers to attain the information where the thoughts and the views of the skilled
people/scholars are retrieved for the subjective aspect (Englander, 2012).
In this study the, both the data collection method is used in this research study as there is a
high need of attaining important and beneficial information, therefore with the right and
effective use of both the techniques, the investigators will be able to attain the reliable, valid
and accurate information. The techniques used here is very beneficial as with the effective
and appropriate use of this the researchers are able to manage the information in the proper
and in a required manner. It is very important for the researchers as this is providing all the
detail which is required in a research or investigation.
Observation for qualitative research/ survey quantitative research
The data and information has been gathered from different perspective which is assisting the
investigation to get attain the in systematic and in a well-designed manner. The researchers
have used both the primary and secondary source of data as discussed, it has also used the
research type with different data collection method. The qualitative method as a research
method/approach has been used by the investigators here to do the observation process to
gather and to collate the information and data in the proper and in a required manner. Using
the qualitative method is useful for the researchers and investigators to use as this is assisting
to for themes and perceptions and the understanding is get created by the researchers
(Aagaard and Matthiesen, 2016.).
This is an approach that is making the investigators to attain the information and data in the
valid and accurate manner. The investigation is getting performed in the proper manner as the
observation for the particular situation to gather information are getting done with the
effective and right use of the qualitative method. As this is very beneficial and assisting the
researchers to reach to the end plan and standards and also to attain the accuracy and
reliability of the data.
The quantitative method has also been used by the investigators as with the right and
appropriate se of the information and data the aims and objectives of the study is able to get

attained in the proper and in the desired manner. The questionnaire survey is another method
that is been used to gather the primary source of information with the use of quantitative
method. In this the data will be collected in the form of numerical aspect where the
researchers are gathering the information in the proper and in an appropriate manner. The
statistical and numerical data is very useful for the researchers to use here to gather the
reliable and most important the accurate data. The questionnaire as is providing the
information in a detailed form about the views and understanding of the respondents
regarding the subjective aspect which is the understanding of impacts that is on the
accounting practices (Hussein, 2015). The researchers are effectively using both the research
approach in gathering the research information and data for determining the solutions for the
subjective aspects. The information availed by the method used are very accurate, reliable
and is also dependable which is aiding the research study to meet its set standards and
objectives so that effectively the study will provide proper solutions as well.
Sampling and sample size
Sampling is the method which is used by the researchers so as to carry out the work in the
appropriate ad in a required manner. The sampling method is necessary to be used as with the
effective and appropriate use of this the investigators will be attaining the information in a
proper structured way. The research study has to attain the information which is relation to
the subjective aspect. Therefore, with the use of sampling the different perspective of the
same thing can be able to get attained.
The sampling is basically a method through which the researchers can be able to segregate
the market into different sections as per several criteria (Etikan, et. al., 2016). It is very
important as with the right and effective segregation method the researchers will be able to
manage data collection aspect in an effective and in the proper manner. The market or the
population can be able to divide into different section with the help of sampling methods. The
stratified sampling, cluster sampling random sampling snow ball sampling and so on, al these
are the sampling method that can be used effectively by the researchers for the investigation.
In this study the researchers are able to collect the data from the respondents on the basis of
random sampling method. Here in this method the respondents are selected randomly where
in an irregular manner the data and information are get attained by the researchers from the
respondents. The sampling is very helpful to be selected as this is helping the researchers to
make their investigation to get done in a smooth and steadily manner. It is very much
required by the investigators as with the assistance of this the information will be attained in

different perspective which is important to know the actual facts of the thing about which the
study is getting performed (Etikan, et. al., 2016).
The sample size is the number of people that are get selected for the study so that they
(investigators) could be able to meet the needs and requirements of the study. The
investigator will be setting some numbers from which the data will be collected and from that
the data will be picked further to use in the study. As the population in number is very large,
therefore the study has to be concerned about the size for the accurate and reliable data and
information. Therefore, the sample size that has been chosen for this particular study to
gather the information and data is nearly 100 people (Wang, et. al., 2012). From the 100
respondents, the data for the further study and investigation will be randomly referred from
80 selected respondents. This is very beneficial as using all the data and analysing all with
take several time and cost factor will also get occur which is not in the favour of the
investigators as the resources are very scarce and limited. It is necessary for the researchers
to use the available resources and other sources in the proper and in a managed way.
Data analysis
The data that is getting attained through the primary and secondary sources has to be
effectively analysed so that the investigators can be able to draw effective conclusion and
according to which the recommendations and suggestions can be availed to the respective
people. Hence in the research study it s very necessary for the researchers to meet the
requirements of the study that could be able to get attained by the study by doing
interpretation and Analysis. The analysis of the data can be able to get obtained effectively
with the right and appropriate use of the different analytical tools. The analysis of the data
and information can be able to get attained with the use of two methods qualitative and
quantitative (Jobson, 2012).
The qualitative method is the one where the information that has been get attained by the
researchers through primary and secondary sources as able to get analysed with themes and
perceptions. This is helping in understanding the raw collected facts to make a meaningful
interpretation in the thematic manner. This is useful and is very effective as with the
assistance of this the researchers are able to analyse the actual things that the gathered data
wants to display.
The quantitative method is also a technique used for analysing the information and data that
is attained by the researchers. The tools like statistical and numerical are used by the
researchers to interpret and to make analysis to attain the actual and reliable data. The

information here will be very accurate and reliable as the real facts will get attained here.
Though the accuracy is very high but there are chances where the information may get more
complex. This is affecting the study in more adverse manner. In this study the information is
get analysed with the effective and right use of qualitative method as this is aiding the
investigators to attain information appropriately also, there is no presence of complexity
which is very important.
Ethical consideration
The ethical consideration while gathering and performing the research study in the proper
manner. The researchers are properly managing and handling the issues and problems that is
getting raised in the study. Also, the ethical factors considered here is that the data while
getting collected by the respondents, didn’t affected anyone’s values, feeling and culture. The
information that’s has attained from the study has been kept effectively safe as under the data
protection norm (Gajjar, 2013). The information is very effectively shared only to the
respective and confidential people this is helping the people to manage the study in the proper
and appropriate way. The research that is get performed here is concerned about all the norms
and policies about the investigation with the systematic and in a proper structural manner.

References
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