Critical Assessment: Truth Establishment in Business Research Methods

This essay critically assesses how truth is established in business and management research. It begins with an introduction to the concept of research philosophy, emphasizing the importance of truth and ethical considerations in academic work. The paper then delves into various research philosophies, including ontology, epistemology, axiology, realism, interpretivism, and positivism. Each philosophy is defined and discussed in the context of business and management research, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. The essay explores how these philosophies influence the research process, data collection, and the interpretation of findings. The conclusion emphasizes the significance of understanding these philosophies for conducting rigorous and ethical research, contributing to the advancement of knowledge in the field. The essay also includes a comprehensive reference list to support the arguments presented.

Running head: BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Business Research Methodology
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author note:

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Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................2
Research Philosophy..................................................................................................................2
Ontology.....................................................................................................................................2
Axiology.....................................................................................................................................3
Epistemology..............................................................................................................................3
Realism.......................................................................................................................................4
Interprevitism.............................................................................................................................4
Positivism...................................................................................................................................5
Conclusion..................................................................................................................................5
Reference list..............................................................................................................................6

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Topic: Critically assess how “truth” is established in business and management research.
Introduction
According to Biedenbach and Jacobsson (2016), scientific research philosophy is a system of
the researchers thought about the new and innovative styles or colleges that are being present
obtained with the passage of time. It is important that every research paper must be based on
truth and plagiarism or unauthorised information cannot be delivered. In fact in various
countries plagiarism has been considered as a crime where in students are being punished for
this act. The parameters of scientific research consists of various philosophies such as
ontology, epistemology and axiology. In the opinion of Bridges (2016), the research
philosophy must be based upon the research method chosen by the researcher for analysis of
the research. The paper will help to understand the problems of research philosophies and
paradigm and the way it can be related to business and Management ethically.
Research Philosophy
Research philosophy can be divided into various segments that will help in write analysis of
the research and the ethical way of continuing a research. In the opinion of Žukauskas,
Vveinhardt and Andriukaitienė (2018) segmentation of the research philosophy or paradigm
is a makes it easy for the researcher to analyse the research and understand the right way of
segmentation. With different segments of research philosophy, a researcher will ensure that
the method of research is being performed to ethically considering every aspect. According to
Fulford and Hodgson (2016), research philosophy can be divided into 6 segments namely
ontology, epistemology, positivism, realism, interpretivism and axiology.
Ontology
Ontology is based on the reality. According to Lukyanenko, Larsen, Parsons and Gefen
(2019), it can be classified as the basic objective and subjective. It is the method in which the

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objectives portraits the social aspect of reality of the external world where as the subjectivism
is concerned with the social phenomena that may lead to ooh perception and consequences
off the social objectives existing. In other words, it can be also said as a general assumption
of the real nature of the society. Hence while continuing research based ontology we have to
ensure that the research is being performed understanding the social factors. The researcher
must be ever off the social objects that can affect the paper.
Axiology
Axiology is based upon judgement aesthetics and ethics. In the opinion of Winit‐Watjana
(2016), in this research method the organisation of the researcher will ensure that the business
management information being gathered understanding the factors that must be ethical and
aesthetics. There should be right judgement continued in order to understand the axiological
method of the paper. In the researcher before gathering information based on the business
management will and sure that the information is right and we will judge the information
before jotting it down in a research paper. As stated by Shahin (2016), one will also be
following the aesthetical and ethical aspect in order to perform the data analysis of Data
collection method. Hence, it is important that the researcher must have a good knowledge of
the topic that will give a clear information about the aspects that needs to be performed while
performing a research paper.
Epistemology
The third segmentation of research philosophy is epistemology where in information that is
gathered must be based upon great knowledge in a particular study full stop it can be also
said as a general parameter or assumption that is been associated with excellence way to
explode the real world nature. As stated by Lather (2016), while performing this segment in
research philosophy the researcher will ensure that the information that is being provided is

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based upon the real nature and has a great in depth knowledge of the topic based on which the
researcher will be performing the paper. However, the researcher must be very sure while
taking up this methodology for performing any of the task, as there can be various issues
while performing statistical data for analysis of statistical data in the paper. According to
Biedenbach and Jacobsson (2016), unethical statistical data cannot be provided in the paper
while performing this segment in the research philosophy. Hence, the researcher must be very
sharp and intellectual on the topic while performing this kind of research philosophy in his
paper.
Realism
Realism is another segment of research philosophy that is another part of epistemology. The
method in which there will be disclosure of the truth and existence of the object that is
prevalent independently in human mind. According to Biedenbach and Jacobsson (2016), it is
being classified into direct and critical realism. The direct realism explains about our sense of
attending research. It is the method where in in the researcher uses the information that is
being heard, felt as seen by an individual. The individual can be any person based on which
the information is been gathered or a mass of people or the researcher
Interprevitism
Another segment of research philosophy is interprevitism. In this segment, the researchers
use the information that is being gathered from humans and considered them to be a social
actor. The information emphasis on difference between conducting research among people
rather than objects such as medicine or computer. According to Lukyanenko, Larsen, Parsons
and Gefen (2019), it can be also said that this kind of research philosophy ensure that the
information that is being gathered must be based upon the information that is provided by
humans. It can be also said as the experience that human gathers during the lifetime.in spite

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of being dependent of secondary sources such as any printed journal articles newspapers or
internet sources the researcher believes and considers the factors that human has to look into
and has developed during their period of experience. Hence, it is an important segment that
can provide a different kind of truth in a research paper.
Positivism
Positivism is the most commonly used research philosophy in that enables a researcher to
provide adequate information about the topic as well as ensuring that the data collected is
genuine and ethical. It can be considered as the philosophical approach of natural scientist
based on the observation of social entities. As stated by Edson, Henning and Sankaran
(2016), the information that is being collected in positivism is generally from secondary
sources where in authors provide their point of view that is being collected from other
methods of research philosophy. In the opinion of Kivunja and Kuyini (2017), this research
strategy is the basic Data collection or hypothetical development that will confirm for the
research on truth of business and Management. Hence, researchers who are performing this
kind of research initially find positivism as the best way to deliver their research papers
ensuring ethical and truth being provided in the paper
Conclusion
To conclude research is an important factor that must continue in order to increase knowledge
and provide knowledge. Research is the basic way that helps in spreading knowledge. In fact
it is the only way that will enable enhancement of knowledge. The various segments that are
being performed while performing a research method provides the researcher with a
backbone of the paper. It will enable the researcher to go in search of information from
various objects of the society. Hence, it is important that researchers must keep a check on
the different kinds of segments and its innovation with the passage of time.

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Reference list
Biedenbach, T. and Jacobsson, M., 2016. The open secret of values: the roles of values and
axiology in project research. Project management journal, 47(3), pp.139-155.
Bridges, D., 2016. Philosophy in educational research: Epistemology, ethics, politics and
quality. Springer.
Edson, M.C., Henning, P.B. and Sankaran, S. eds., 2016. A guide to systems research:
Philosophy, processes and practice (Vol. 10). Springer.
Fulford, A. and Hodgson, N. eds., 2016. Philosophy and Theory in Educational Research:
Writing in the margin. Routledge.
Kivunja, C. and Kuyini, A.B., 2017. Understanding and applying research paradigms in
educational contexts. International Journal of Higher Education, 6(5), pp.26-41.
Lather, P., 2016. Top Ten+ List: (Re) Thinking Ontology in (Post) Qualitative Research.
Cultural Studies? Critical Methodologies, 16(2), pp.125-131.
Lukyanenko, R., Larsen, K.R., Parsons, J. and Gefen, D., 2019. Toward Creating a General
Ontology for Research Validity.
Shahin, S., 2016. A critical axiology for Big Data studies. Palabra Clave, 19(4), pp.972-996.
Winit‐Watjana, W., 2016. Research philosophy in pharmacy practice: necessity and
relevance. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 24(6), pp.428-436.
Žukauskas, P., Vveinhardt, J. and Andriukaitienė, R., 2018. Philosophy and paradigm of
scientific research. Management Culture and Corporate Social Responsibility, p.121.