Information Technology: Roles, Ethics, and Social Media in Business

This report provides a comprehensive overview of information technology (IT) in a business context, focusing on its roles, ethical and social issues, and the impact of social media. It explores how IT contributes to decision-making, marketing, resource management, customer satisfaction, and organizational communication. The report also delves into ethical considerations such as discrimination, accounting ethics, technology and privacy, non-disclosure, and workplace health and safety. It differentiates between various network technologies like LAN, WAN, and VPN, and highlights the importance of social media in brand awareness, customer satisfaction, and gathering customer information. Finally, the report examines the software development life cycle, including requirements gathering, design, implementation, testing, and deployment phases, within the context of the Bank of England.

Introduction of
information technology

Abstract
Information technology refers as a process to maintaining communication network of
any company in which computers are used by them. IT is plays very important role in success of
an organisation in competitive environment. Information technology includes physical
equipment and operating system to perform task efficiently. It is used in business purpose only.

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................4
TASK ..............................................................................................................................................4
Roles of information technology ................................................................................................4
Ethical and social issues of business-..........................................................................................5
Difference between network technology ...................................................................................7
Importance of social media in business......................................................................................8
Software Development Life Cycle..............................................................................................9
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Information technology is referred as a use of computers to store data, recover it if
required and transfer it from sender to receiver, it is generally use in business operations. IT is
the improvement, maintenance and utilisation of computer system, software and network. It
consists distribution of data which are in form of facts and statistics. IT is related with any
activity of computer technology. Bank of England is the central bank of United Kingdom, which
is established in 1694 by the British Government. Roles of information technology which effect
success as well as failure of business are mentioned in the report. Ethical and social issues and
type of network technology is being evaluated. Importance of social media and different stages
of software development life cycle in Bank of England is covered in the report.
Literature review
Roles of information technology in success and failure
Information technology is determined as a backbone of every organisation. There are
regular changes are happened in technology, so it becomes necessary for organisation to appoint
IT staff to meet all requirements and remain competitive. Information technology provides all
information of customers and facilitate to take effective decisions(Leydesdorff and Bornmann,
2016). The roles of information technology which effects a business are following
 Decision making- It is an is integral part of management process in every organisation.
A constant decision making process helpful to growth and achievement of organisational
goals and objectives. Bank of England use various technological methods and conduct
comprehensive research to take effective decisions. Business intelligence and activity
tracking statement are some technological factors that facilitate the bank to analyse all
factors and take decisions appropriately. Involvement of information technology in
decision making saves time to take proper decision and plays active role in success of
Bank of England (Aldosari and et. al., 2019).
 Marketing and business growth- Marketing is very important for success of any
business, it helps to determine target audience and their needs which have a great impact
on growth of business. Inadvertent, publicity and public relation are some medium of
marketing, now these days IT introduce digital marketing which is modern way of
marketing of organisation which are pay per click, SMS, search engine optimisation and

smart phone apps. Bank of England, adopts all digital marketing methods to attract their
prospective customer for growth of bank.
 Resource management and globalization- Resource management is essential thing of
every business growth and success. In a business which deals with various resources such
as tangible, intangible resources and financial and human resource, it is very important to
manage them in organised manner to work efficiently. Information technology introduced
cloud technology which is based on enterprise resource planning is helpful to manage all
resources virtually online by computers, smartphones and laptops (Burbules 2018).
 Consumer satisfaction and support- Customer satisfaction is defined as the
measurement of customer's happiness with the products and services of organisation .
Information technology helps business to connect with large number of customers by
social media, online newsletters and by analysing customer portals. Bank of England
conduct online surveys, follow up customers and resolve their issues to make them
satisfied. This will helpful of the respective bank to become successful (Wiener and et.
al.,2016).
 Improvement in organisational communication- Information technology helps
organisation to connect their whole organisational hierarchical structure. It provides
various platforms such as video conferencing, emails and software to interact and
communicate with other member of organisation. Bank of England conduct virtual
meeting with their staff that saves time s well as cost of organisation. Effective
communication plays vital role in success of respective bank by communicating
important and productive information at each level within time.
Ethical and social issues of business-
Ethical issues effect all aspects which are related to business's basic operational standards
. If some ethical issues are rising in organisation, orhanisation should develop a proper
understanding of these issues, before they will change in major problems. Some major ethical
and social issues are following
 Discrimination and harassment at workplace- Discrimination is referred as a unjust
behaviour with employees of an organization the basis of their age, gender,
disability(Funk, and et. al., 2018). At workplace discrimination is occurred when an

individual discriminated from other members due to some factors. Every organisation
should awareness about anti- discrimination and harassment laws and all regulations that
are passed by Government to protect their employees against any unjust treatment
(Teipel. and et. al., 2016).
 Ethics in accounting practices- Ethical accounting is an essential for any organisation.
Accurate and systematic bookkeeping provides effective information to their users such
as employees, Government, creditors and suppliers. If an organisation is not maintaining
their accounts in ethically correct way, then it will effect its activities. Financial reporting
provides transparent information about business to customers and shareholders.
 Technology and private practices- Now these days technology and privacy is important
ethical issue for business. Transparency is best way to maintain technological
surveillances. By using thechonoly By using upgraded technology organisation can
monitor and supervise employees performance. Lyytinen, 2016).
 Non -Disclouser and corporate Espionage- Non-Disclosure is a major issue of
business. There is a risk to employer that their current and former employees steal
confidential information regarding accounts, client data and strategies which are used by
organisation in competitive environment. Corporate Espionage is a issue that arises when
private information about the busibess is being stolen by employees and some one else
and distribute these information illegally to competitors. Every company must maintain
non-disclosure agreement by employees and in case of violation financial penalties will
impose on them. Bank of England maintains its confidential information in right way,
and take legal action towards those employees who are responsible for corporate
espionage.
 Health and safety at workplace- Health and safety is important factor for employees to
make positive, safe working condition and environment to complete their work on time
with efficiency. Occupational safety and health administration has passed many rules and
regulations for employees for their safety. These rules are must be implemented in
several fectord such as industrial company, electrical and wiring. Bank of England
ensures health and safety of employees at work place, maintain various insurances
schemes for them.

Difference between network technology
Network technology is used to transfer data between small and large groups by audio,
video and visual files. Networking is helpful in organisation to send messages, audio, and files
by using mail and other channels to meet requirements (Istomin and et. al., 2017). In Bank of
England whole networking is supervised by technicians and they are accountable for resolving
networking issues in it. Some of networking technology are following which is used by bank for
their operations-
 LAN (Local Area Network)- Local Area Network is use to connect small area in range
of 100m to 10km in devices like computers, mobile and laptop. Bank of England use
LAN network to connect with their employees, by using this they can share files,
documents and presentations. Usege of this network depends upon users, working speed,
network range and error rate. It includes printer, scanner optical fibres to work(Xu, and
et. al., 2017)
 WAN (Wide Area Network) – A network where various WANs are working together,
the route is known as Wide Area Network. There are two types of WAN, first one is
public WAN which is control and handle by government, second is private WAN. Bank
of England use WAN network to connect with their customers in wide range area.
Gateway communication can be established between mobile device having 2G
connection and landlines device having 2G connection in this network.
 VAN (Virtual Private Network) – virtual private network is used to connect to public
virtually to transfer data to receiver from sender. This network is totally secure and
encrypted from any threats and follows tunnelling protocol for security purpose . Bank
of England use this network because it is quite flexible, saves cost of sharing and
convenient resource. Files can share by this network and this is able to enhance storage
capacity.
 WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network)- This is a wireless network technology such as
Wi-Fi, is also the local area network. WLAN do not required any physical cable to
connect. The respective bank, Bank of England use this type of network to transfer their
data from one place to another. Wireless local area network saves time to share
information(Pagani and Pardo, 2017). .

Importance of social media in business
Social media is very important for organisation to spread their brand to right people at
right period of time. It provides fast ans easier communication. By using social media an
orgaisatuion can increase their customer base by advertiseing and promoting their goods and
services. It creates brand image among the customer. Some impotance of social media are
following:
 Increase brand awareness- Social media is important tool for business to spread
awareness about the respective brand. Many marketing officers state that social media
has a great impact on brand awareness. First of all, target audience should be determined
before choosing any medium of social media. Advertisements and promotion are the
social media tool to aware cuatomer about their brand. Bank of England use social media
tools such as promotion, advertisement to increase their brand awareness among
customers.
 Customer satisfaction- Social media is helpful way to connect with customers, identify
their needs and wants, their problems regarding to product and services which they are
facing and how all these problems resolve and satisfy them. Now these day it is very
important to retain customers in organisation and it will happenen when they are satisfied
with respective company (Manganello. and et. al., 2017). The respective Bank keep in
touch with their customers to build relationship, clear their all questions, resolve
problems and provide Ithem best quality services.
 Provide information about customers- Social media provides large amount real time
information about customers to organisation. This information facilitates a business to
take quite appropriate and smart decisions. All demographic and geographic
informations about current and perspectiive customers are available on social media.
These informations perform vital role in business because customer's are the key of
success(Momani. and Jamous 2017).Bank of England collect customer's information
from social media,it will facilitate it to take appropriate decisions regarding bank policies
to attract them cuatomers.

Software Development Life Cycle
Software development life cycle is refeered as a process to improve current software and
develop high quality solutions, this facilitate organisation to reduce the cost of production and
development time also. Bank of England follows all following steps to develop software-
 Requirement gathering and analysis Phase- Requirement gathering is initial and
important phase of software development life. If there are some ethical issues are raised
in orhanisation, proper understanding should be developed regarding that. Some major
ethical and social issues are following cycle. In this phase organisation focus is on
collection of requirements to develop new software. Bank of England gather all
requirements of respective customers from various sources and analyse the validity of
collected data. These requirements provide the base for software development
 Design phase- In designing phase software design is prepared according to all
requirement condition which are identified in first phase, this step is helpful to define
structure of software. Designing of software serves input to next step. Bank of England
designs their software according to clients requirements. test appropriateness of software
to meet define requirements if there are some differences, then design structure will
recreate accordingly.
 Implementation phase- When system and software design document is complete, the
whole work is divided into units and actual work of software development is start by
software developer. The respective bank, Bank of England has a software developer
team who have technical knowledge and enough experience to develop software.
 Testing phase – After implementation of software, testing team examine the software to
ensure that the software is capable to solve all needs which are addressed in requirement
phase. In this phrase Bank of England tests all functional as well as non functional
aspects of software like unit testing, acceptance testing, and system testing to make sure
that software is working according to requirement(Read, and et. al.,2016).
 Deployment phase – When software Is successfully tested, it is ready to use on ground
and these are delivered to customers for their use. Bank of England firstly do beta testing
of that particular software and they feel that there are some changes or improvement are
required, then they will carry this message to engineering team. When all these changes

are made or bugs are removed if there is any then final deployment of software will
happen.
 Maintenance phase – It is the last step of software development life cyscle. After
deployment, the customer starts using the system and some problems are recognised,
these problems should be solve on time for smooth and effective working (Salahuddin,
and Alam 2016).
Analysis and discussion
In the above report roles of information technology is being discussed that plays
important role in success and failure of an organisation. It helps an organisation to take
appropriate decision to choose right and relative techniques. Some ethical and social issues effect
an organisation in various way. All these issues are properly analysed by the organisation. LAN,
WAN and WAN are the some networking technologies that are used by organisation to connect
with other members of organisation. Social media in very important to increase customer base by
spreading brand awarsnes. It provides information about the customers to organistion. There are
several steps to develop a software. First of all requirements are collected then relative design is
developed then the designed software is implemented and at last maintaince is done ifn required.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been determined that information technology manager plays
important role in effective planning of all activities and operations of organisation. Roles of
information technology very important factor for success as well as failure of business. Some
ethical and social issues are determined which are closely associated with an organisation. IT
manager along with their team member choose better networking technology to communication
in order to reduce unnecessary expenditure any carry task for attainment slandered performance.
Further the importance of social media and software development life cycle is associated with
project managed in order to achieve favourable results.

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