York University EECS 2031 Module 5 Assignment: C Programming Concepts

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Added on 2021/03/18

AI Summary

This document presents a detailed overview of introductory C programming concepts, designed for an EECS 2031 module. The content covers fundamental aspects such as the differences between C and Java, basic I/O functions (scanf, printf, getchar, fgets), and line-based input/output methods. It explores variable names, C data types (char, int, float, double), and qualifiers (unsigned, long, short). The assignment also details integer, floating-point, character, and string constants, along with constant expressions and enumeration constants. Furthermore, it explains declarations, the const qualifier, and type conversion rules. It covers operators (arithmetic, relational, logical, bitwise), bit shifting, and control flow statements (if, else, switch, while, for, do-while, continue, break, and goto). String comparison using string.h functions is also included. This comprehensive resource is designed to assist students in understanding and applying core C programming principles.

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Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
EECS 2031
Software Tools
Module 5 – Introduction to C

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2
Textbook
The C Programming Language (2nd edition)
by Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie
Prentice Hall Software Series

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C vs. Java
• Java-like (actually Java has a C-like
syntax), some differences
• No garbage collection
• No classes
• No exceptions (try … catch)
• No String type
• Pointers 

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First C Program (first.c)
#include <stdio.h>
main() {
printf(“hello, world \n”);
}
Note: #include <filename.h>
replaces the line by the actual file before
compilation starts.

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Basic I/O
• Every program has a standard input and a
standard output.
• By default, keyboard and monitor,
respectively
Input functions Output functions
scanf() printf()
getchar() putchar()
fgets() fputs()

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Output is easy… (celsius.c)
• Most of the time, use printf()
• Very similar to Java
• See Chapter 7 in the textbook
• Returns the number of characters printed
• Can also use putchar() for a single
character

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Input is more complicated
• Several functions for input should never
be used because they are unsafe
• They are still in the standard library
because a lot of code out there uses them
• Avoid using gets() as well as scanf()
for strings
• Recommended way to read input:
getchar() or fgets() + sscanf()

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getchar()
• To read one character at a time from the
standard input (the keyboard by default):
int getchar(void)
• Returns the next input character each
time it is called
• Returns EOF when it encounters end of
file.
• EOF input: Ctrl-D (Unix) or Ctrl-Z
(Windows).

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getchar()
• It buffers input characters until a new line
or EOF is entered.
• That is, nothing happens until you hit Return
or EOF.
• See getchar1.c and getchar2.c
• Take a look at the man page
man –S 3 getchar

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scanf()
• scanf() can be used for formatted input
• To read an integer:
int num;
scanf("%d", &num);
• &num is a pointer to num

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scanf()
• To read a char and a float:
char c; float f;
scanf("%c %f”, &c, &f);
• scanf() stops when it exhausts its
format string, or when some input fails to
match

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scanf()
• Returns the number of successfully
matched and assigned input items
• Returns 0 if the input does not match the
specification in the format string (i.e., an
error).
• On the end of file, EOF is returned.