Organizational Behavior Analysis of Cagliari Restaurant (UK)

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the organizational behavior at Cagliari, a chain of Italian restaurants in the UK. It begins by comparing and contrasting Cagliari's culture and structure with that of Zucca, highlighting the impact of organizational culture and structure on employee performance. The report then examines the factors influencing individual behavior within Cagliari, followed by an evaluation of various leadership styles, recommending the democratic style as the most suitable. It also explores the application of organizational theory to management practices at Cagliari and analyzes different approaches to management. The report further investigates the impact of leadership styles on motivation levels, discusses motivational theories, and assesses the nature of groups and teamwork within the organization. Finally, it identifies factors hindering effective teamwork and the impact of technology on team functioning, providing a holistic view of Cagliari's organizational dynamics.

Organizational
behaviour
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................3
Task 1 ..............................................................................................................................................3
(a) Comparison and contrast of culture and structure of two different organization...................3
(b) Impact of organization culture and structure on performance of Cagliari employees ..........4
(c) Factors which influence individual behaviour at Cagliari......................................................4
Task 2...............................................................................................................................................5
(a) Effectiveness of various leadership styles and recommendation regarding the best one for
Cagliari ........................................................................................................................................5
(b) Organization theory underpins practise of management at Cagliari ....................................6
(c) Approaches to management ..................................................................................................7
Task 3...............................................................................................................................................7
(a) Impact of leadership style on motivational level....................................................................7
(b) Various motivational theories and their application in business ...........................................8
(c) Single motivation theory and its usefulness .........................................................................9
Task 4 ..............................................................................................................................................9
(a) Nature of groups and group behaviour within organization...................................................9
(b) Factors that are hindering development of effective teamwork at Cagliari restaurant .......10
(c) Impact of technology on team functioning ..........................................................................11
Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................12
References......................................................................................................................................13
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INTRODUCTION
In present scenario, understanding organizational behaviour has become one of the most
important tasks for any business. Further, it can be defined as the study of people and their
behaviour within particular organizations. This report is based on Cagliari which is a chain of
Italian restaurants with almost 35 branches in UK. In addition to this, it explains comparison and
contrast of culture and structure of Zucca and Cagliari. The report also highlights the factors
which affects individual behaviour at the workplace. Other than this, it explains various types of
leadership styles which can be adopted by Cagliari along with recommending the best suitable
style. The technological advancements has provided new platform for companies to grow and
develop themselves in effective manner. Now a days, the culture of team development has been
also increased within organization (Alvesson, 2012). The present report explains the factors
which can hinder the development of teams within Cagliari restaurant. In addition to this, it also
demonstrate what kind of impact does technology have on function of team at restaurant.
TASK 1
(a) Comparison and contrast of culture and structure of two different organization
Organization structure is defined as the hierarchical arrangement of rights and duties,
communications and authorities between people in the organization (Organisational Culture,
2015). On the other side, organizational culture is termed as a system of shared beliefs and
values which influences behaviour of people within the organization (Baker, Hunt and Andrews,
2006). In growth and success of every business enterprise, culture and structure plays a very
important role. Cagliari has implemented a hierarchical structure in which all the decisions are
made by its top level management. Along with this, very less input is provided from middle level
management and no input is provided by the lower level management at the time of decision
making. Workers along with staff members are required to strictly follow rules, regulation and
strategies formed by the top management. In terms of organizational culture, the restaurant has
adopted a bureaucratic culture in which it consists of tight and rigid policies and plans. On the
other side of this, Zucca has adopted flat structure in which there are very few levels of
management which makes the entire process of decision making easy and also creates
satisfaction among employees. The culture which has been implemented by Zucca is open
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culture in which all the staff members are invited to present their views and opinions. After
carrying out comparison between both the culture, it can be stated that open culture is more
effective cultural as compared to bureaucratic culture as it encourages the employee to become
part of decision making process. On the other side, flat structure is more appropriate as it
promotes easy decision making process. In terms of culture it can be stated that the culture of
Zucca is more effective as compared to the culture of Cagliari as it creates satisfaction among
employees.
(b) Impact of organization culture and structure on performance of Cagliari employees
From the given case scenario, it can be stated that both the organization culture and
structure has a direct impact on the performance of Cagliari employees. The hierarchical
structure and bureaucratic culture has created a sense of dissatisfaction among all the workers
(Organizational Theory and Behavior, 2015). At the time of decision making and formulation of
strategies, the views and opinions are not taken into consideration. Along with this, such kind of
structure and culture has resulted in lowering down the overall performance of all workers of the
restaurant. It can be stated that organizational culture and structure plays very important role in
the success of any organization. In case of Cagliari, they have created negative impact on overall
performance and effectiveness of the staff members. There is an interdependent relationship
between organizational culture and structure. The structure of Cagliari determines attitudes,
ethics and behaviour of people which forms its culture. From the given case scenario, it has been
observed that the culture of the restaurant is strictly hierarchical, this means that the culture will
definitely reflects autonomy and lack of freedom at lower level.
(c) Factors which influence individual behaviour at Cagliari
The behavior of people within the organization is influence by various factors. Further
some of them are mentioned below as:
 Leadership- The managers and leaders of Cagliari plays very important role in
influencing the behavior of staff members. Strict and arrogant behavior of managers and
leaders makes it difficult for employees to do their job (Bolman and Deal, 2011). In
addition to this, workers also start feeling less motivated and less effort are placed by
them.
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 Work culture- Every employee expects that he/she should feel comfortable at workplace
(Cameron and Quinn, 2005). Bureaucratic culture of Cagliari has created dissatisfaction
among workers and has also lowered down their productivity.
 Communication- The behaviour of people in an organization also gets influenced by the
kind of communication process which has been adopted by the company (Greenberg and
Baron, 2008). When communication is not effective, it will create loss of interest in work
which will directly affect their overall performance.
 Relationship at work- Relationship between employer and employee or between superior
and subordinates also has an impact on behaviour of people within the organization
(Hoch and Kozlowski, 2014). As per the provided case scenario, it has been observed that
in Cagliari the relation between employees and managers is not good as the workers are
dissatisfied with the management. This has also lowered down the morale and has
resulted in reducing efficiency of employees.
TASK 2
(a) Effectiveness of various leadership styles and recommendation regarding the best one for
Cagliari
Leadership is defined as the act of leading people and directing their efforts towards
accomplishment of some common objectives and goals (Hogan, 2007). Further, different
organizations adopt different leadership styles as per their need and requirements. The types of
leadership style along with their effectiveness are below discussed as: Democratic style: According to democratic style of leadership, leaders allow all
employees to become the part of decision making process (Leadership Styles, 2015). In
addition to this, all the strategies and decisions are made only after consulting the
employees. The staff members are also allowed to make decision regarding how to do
their assigned task. Democratic styles is effective as it creates satisfaction among all the
workers, along with this, it also encourages friendliness, motivations and more personal
growth within organization. Autocratic styles: As per the autocratic style of leadership, the leaders dominate all
people in organization and make all the decision alone (Kotter, 2008). Further, advice and
suggestions from other staff members are neither encouraged nor appreciated. This
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leadership style is effective because it makes the process of decision making very fast.
The leader also keeps a watch while the employees are performing assigned task. Thus, it
makes employees more productive and efficient.
 Laissez- Faire: According to this style of leadership, leaders perform very less function
of leadership and set all employees free to perform their task and duties by their own
(Robbins and et. al., 2013). This style is more suitable in situations where people in team
are highly skilled and motivated. Laissez- Faire leadership style is effective because it
provides the workers with an opportunity to perform the task by their own. It also
empowers groups within the organization.
It is recommended that the best suitable style of leadership for Cagliari is democratic
style of leadership which encourages people to be the part of decision making process. From the
provided case scenario, it has been observed that the staff members are dissatisfied because there
is no participation from them. One of the main reasons why democratic style has been
recommended is that it will boost up the morale and motivation level of all employees of Cagliari
by considering their views.
(b) Organization theory underpins practise of management at Cagliari
Organization theory has a direct impact on the practise of management by making them
more effective (Schein, 2010). Cagliari can use the organization theory which has been provided
by Taylor. The theory and its applicability in the restaurant are provided below as:
 Cagliari can adopt scientific ways to perform work so that it can identify and implement
more effective ways to perform task.
 Jobs and roles in restaurant should be provided on the basis of specialization of the
people within the organization. For instance person which is specialised in taking care of
food and beverages should be put in that department only.
 Cagliari is required to set up an effective process of monitoring in which the performance
of employees will be monitored by all managers and supervisors. Further, they will be
also provided with guidance regarding how they can perform the assigned task in the
more effective manner.
 The organization theory defined by Taylor will also improve the management practises of
Cagliari as it will encourage the division of work among managers and staff members.
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The manager of restaurant will invest his time in planning and the workers will be left
free to perform the assigned task and duties.
(c) Approaches to management
Management is termed as a process of getting things done by others. There are different
approaches to management which businesses adopts to accomplish their goals and objectives
(Seibert, Wang and Courtright, 2011). Cagliari has adopted decision theory approach of
management in which all the decisions are made by the management of restaurant. In addition to
this, the total view of people in management is not taken into consideration. This also leads to
dissatisfaction and low productivity of workers. On the other hand, Zucca has adopted human
behavioural approach in which the managers always try to understand the behaviour of people
within the company. Further, the management pays emphasis on increasing the overall
productivity of employees by motivating them and developing better relation with them.
Effective communication, democratic leadership and motivation are considered as the core of
human behavioural approach. It can be stated that the approach of management which has been
adopted by a business entity has an direct impact on its activities and performance.
TASK 3
(a) Impact of leadership style on motivational level
The style of leadership which an organization adopts has an direct impact on the
motivational level of staff. Motivation can be defined as the process in which businesses
encourage employees to give their best with the help of various tools and techniques (Wang,
Waldman and Zhang, 2014). In modern era, the competition among businesses have become
very intense. Further it is not easy for a business entity to grow and survive in long run without
having a team of highly motivated employees. This is the only reason why employee motivation
has become an significant part of companies. Most of the time employee motivation depends on
the leadership style which has been adopted by a company. In case if Cagliari adopts autocratic
style then all the decision will be made by senior management and the employee suggestions will
not be taken into account. Therefore, the style of leadership will directly result in lowering down
the overall motivation level. On the other side, democratic style of leadership will create a sense
of satisfaction among workers of Cagliari as their views and suggestion will be encouraged and
appreciated at the time of decision making. Thus, democratic style of leadership will motivate
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employees to a great extent. If the restaurant adopts laissez- Faire style then the employees will
be left free to perform their task and duties. This will also results in motivating workers and will
boost their overall productivity.
(b) Various motivational theories and their application in business
Cagliari is required to become aware of the fact that in order to achieve success and grow
in long run, it needs to have ability to motivate people within organization. There are number of
motivation theories which can be adopted by Cagliari to motivate its workers and boost their
overall productivity. Some of the theories and their applicability are mentioned below as: Maslow theory: This theory was developed by Abraham Maslow who was an
physiologist. He stated that in order to motivate the workers, management is required to
identify and satisfy their needs. Maslow has developed a proper hierarchy of need and
explained that once a need is fulfilled then person looks for satisfaction of another (Hebb,
2005). Cagliari can apply this theory at workplace by identify the needs of people
working at different level of restaurant. Further it will be required by Cagliari to satisfy
those needs such as proving job security and better pay to employee's working at lower
level. Carrot and stick: This theory was developed by Jeremy Bentham and he has break down
employee motivation in two major parts which are fear and incentives (Cameron and
Quinn, 2005). Further he explained that some people in organizations are motivated with
incentives whereas the other are motivated with job security. Cagliari can also apply this
theory at workplace to motivate and encourage all its workers. It can establish effective
rewards system in which incentives can be provided to workers and non-monetary
rewards such as surety of job can be also provided to motivate workers.
 Motivation- Hygiene theory: This theory was presented by Fredercik Herzberg in the
year 1959. As per this theory, motivation can be developed among employees by
providing two major factors which are hygiene and motivators. Cagliari can use
motivators such as challenging jobs, recognition and appreciation of employee efforts etc.
On the other hand, it is also required to take care of hygienic factors such as good pay,
job security and good working conditions.
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(c) Single motivation theory and its usefulness
Cagliari is an chain of Italian restaurant which is presently facing various kinds of
challenges and issues. High level of stress among employees, unsociable working hours, poor
work life balance, deterioration of service level of staff and high rate of employee turnover are
major issues which has been faced by the restaurant. To survive in long run and earn adequate
profits, it is required by Cagliari to use motivation theories. As per the provided case, it has been
observed that financial rewards are being provided to the employee but they are also not having
any kind of impact on the issues faced. One of the best suitable and effective theory for Cagliari
in such situation is motivation- hygienic theory which was presented by Fredercik Herzberg.
The rationale behind selecting this theory is that sometimes hygienic factors are the one which
results in creating dissatisfaction among people in organization. The restaurant will be required
to concentrate on two major factors which are hygienic and motivators. Further with the help of
motivators such as challenging work, involvement of employee in decision making process and
recognition of efforts, Cagliari will be able to crate sense of satisfaction among all its workers.
On the other hand, providing hygienic factors such as job security, better working conditions
along with good pay will also motivate employees. By adopting the practice of high hygienic and
high motivation, the restaurant will be able to create a situation in which employee will be highly
motivated and will have less complains. Thus, it can be stated that motivation- hygienic theory is
the best suitable theory for Cagliari.
TASK 4
(a) Nature of groups and group behaviour within organization
A group is defined as the collection of people which are gathered together to accomplish
some common objectives and goals. In modern era, there are various kinds of formal and
informal groups which exist in organizations (Adler and Gundersen, 2007). The formation of
groups in food and hospitality industry consists of five major steps which are forming, storming,
norming, performing and adjourning. In terms of food and hospitality industry, it can be stated
that formal groups are crated by the organization itself. Further, these are short term and long
term groups which are developed to achieve certain aim and objectives. For instance these
groups can be formed in hospitality organization with an objective of increasing sales of
services. On the other hand, informal groups are the one which are formed by the people in
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organization themselves. Most of the time such groups are formed during lunch and other breaks.
It can be stated that both the groups are essential for the success of organization in food and
hospitality (Huczynski and Buchanan, 2013). At the time of forming groups, there can be various
issues and challenges which can be faced by organization. These issues can be related to line of
communication and level of authority among group members.
(b) Factors that are hindering development of effective teamwork at Cagliari restaurant
Effective teamwork requires lot of efforts and time. Further the team leaders is required
to understand the need and demand of each and every person within a team. At the time of
discussions and meetings, the views and opinions of team members are required to respected by
the other team mates (Griffi and Moorhead, 2011). In addition to this, one of the major thing
which is required to be taken care in teams is that issues and conflicts among team members do
not arises. In situation of issues the other team members are required to resolve the issues as soon
as possible. The effectiveness of teams at Cagliari restaurant can be hinder by various factors
which are mentioned below as: Communication- Team can become productive and result oriented only when the
communication among team members is effective. It is required by Cagliari restaurant to
make sure that each and every person in team is well aware of aim and objectives of
teams. Further the strategies and action plan to accomplish those objectives and aims are
also required to be communicated in effective manner. Lack of communication can create
obstacles in achieving the aim. Leadership style- It can be also stated that the kind of leadership which has been
implemented by team lead affects the development of team work (Osland and et. al.,
2007). If teams of Cagliari restaurant adopts autocratic style then it will create
dissatisfaction among team members and will also lower down their overall performance.
On the other hand, if teams at Cagliari restaurant opts for democratic style then it will
results in motivating employees and will also improve their performance. Ineffective
leadership style can also create hurdles in growth and development of teams. Poor interpersonal relationship- In order to make team effective, good interpersonal
relationship between all the members in team is very important. Further situations such as
issues and conflicts between members can become a great obstacle in overall
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development of the same (Baker, Hunt and Andrews, 2006). Sometimes people do not
share their views and experiences with other members which is a sign of bad
interpersonal skills. Impact of change- The teams developed at Cagliari restaurant can be also affected by
internal and external changes. In situation where key players leaves the team,
performance of entire teams gets affected. Sometimes external changes also impact te
overall productivity and effectiveness of teams.
 Lack of team building exercise- The process of developing effective teams in Cagliari
restaurant can be also affected by lack of team building exercise (Greenberg and Baron,
2008). Further such kind of exercise are very essential as it creates better coordination
and relationship between all the members of a team. When such activities are not
organized at regular intervals, people starts lacking coordination among each other.
(c) Impact of technology on team functioning
Technology will have a positive impact on the overall performance of team at Cagliari
restaurant. Further wit the help of technology, the manager will be able to communicate
strategies, ideas and objectives in effective manner (Hebb, 2005). This will also help in saving
time and expenses which are invested during group work. For instance the use of technology
such as conferencing will help team members of Cagliari restaurant to interact with each other
easily and will also save time related to the same. The use of technology from each and every
member of team will results in making them more competent and effective. Cagliari restaurant
operates with around 35 branches at different location in UK. Therefore, one of the major
advantage of using technology is that the people located in disparate groups will be able to
interact with each other easily. In addition to this, technological tools such as emails and video
conferencing can be very beneficial for the teams of Cagliari restaurant. On the other side of
this, technology such as cloud computing will allow team members to access and share files
between different branches easily. On the other hand, information technology will also assist in
storing the information related to customers which is a very useful data for Cagliari restaurant.
Another advantage of having technology is that it helps teams to become more swift and agile. It
supports teams in developing their capacity with adapting change in external and internal
environment. Some of the process will become automated which will also results in making the
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