Comprehensive Report: Cancer Service Provision and Healthcare Needs

This report delves into the realm of cancer service provision, offering a comprehensive overview of current approaches and priorities in public health. It begins with an introduction to public health and the importance of disease prevention, particularly in the context of infectious and non-infectious diseases. The report then focuses on cancer, examining the impact of the disease, mortality rates, and the current strategies employed by healthcare organizations. It explores various prevention methods, including primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention, highlighting their effectiveness in different countries. The report also discusses the role of monitoring and surveillance in managing cancer cases. Furthermore, it analyzes the relationship between the prevalence of cancer and the corresponding requirements for healthcare services, emphasizing the bidirectional link between the two. The report concludes by summarizing the key findings and referencing relevant literature, providing a valuable resource for understanding the complexities of cancer service provision and its implications for public health.

INTRODUCTION
 Public health is generally referred to science which deals with the preventing different
diseases and promoting health in effective manner.
 Depending upon the diseases all the treatments are given to patients.
 Diseases can be grouped under infectious and non-infectious depending upon the signs and
symptoms of the illness.
 Research justifies that hand washing is one of the effective methods to stop the
contamination and spreading of infectious diseases.
 In disease outbreak conditions it is very difficult to control the pathogens which causes the
spread of disease.
 Different health measures are adopted in order to control the spread of both types of
diseases.
Q 4 Research to determine current approaches and priorities to the provision of services for people
with cancer.
 It is very important to analyse the impact of disease because it provides a comprehension
and comparison of total number of death rates, loss of health due to cancer and severity of
the health issue in a particular area.
 This can be identified by recording the number of individuals during the starting of the year
and number of individuals lost their life at the end of the year.
 In 2014 the highest number of deaths recorded in overall population of world was due to
lung. Breast and prostrate.
 Lung cancer can be directly linked to excessive consumption of alcohol and tobacco in early
or later stages of life.
 The other reasons can also be physical inactivity, unhealthy lifestyles, improper diet charts
and substance abuse.
 The current approaches and priorities of different healthcare organisation is supporting and
providing effective clinical interventions for all the types of cancer.
 There should be different approaches to the service provision in healthcare management in
order to reduce the impact and severity of cancer in different parts of world.
Primordial Prevention: With the implementation of effective legislations and strategies the early
signs of cancer were identified and prevented in UK but due to improper plan of action and methods
the primordial prevention was not conducted appropriately in major parts of the world. Imparting

education and creating awareness about the diseases is also very important because this helps in
improving lifestyles and living patterns which have a impact on health of a person. On other hand
controlling the environmental factors is also one of the way of primordial prevention which can
help in reducing the incidence of cancer throughout the world.
Primary Prevention: Primary prevention method is also one of the effective methods of controlling
the prevalence of disease. Countries like Armenia , UK, USA, Canada and Mongolia were reported
to contain the highest number patients with cancer. All these countries adopted the health promotion
approaches such as immunization, vaccination, oral drops and other clinical interventions are also
adopted so that the disease is identified at its pre-stage. They also enhanced the health conditions
by providing specific health education on different diseases, its signs and symptoms and methods of
prevention.
Secondary Prevention: This type of prevention is adopted when the disease has already been
diagnosed in patient. This clinical intervention was most effective in developed countries such as
United states of America, UK and Canada . Although UK is considered among one of the developed
countries but this strategy or approach was poorly developed in UK due to less financial assistance
and compliances. The government and federal health authorities encouraged all the citizens to
undertake the screening test because it helps in identifying the different causes and extent of
severity of cancer. Secondary prevention allows the healthcare professionals to undertake different
medical processes in order to treat the developed disease to an extent.
Tertiary Prevention: This type of service provision is adopted at the late or symptomatic stage
when the patient has reached to the end stage of the disease. It is only used to increase the life
expectancy for a certain period of time so that patient is able to survive and respond to the treatment
in best possible way. Major percentage of cancer cases in developed countries were reported to be
diagnosed at symptomatic stages due to inappropriate screening and examinations. Although
different legislations and clinical interventions were adopted by all the healthcare organisation but
they were not implemented effectively.
Monitoring: As the incidence of cancer increased in recent times it was very necessary to support
efficient monitoring services so that the adverse conditions and symptoms disease are minimised.
The local health authorities appointed more health officials so that proper monitoring services can
be provided to all the cancer patients. This is important because it helps in determining the
effectiveness of ongoing treatment and the compliances and adherence offered to the healthcare unit
by the patient. It helps in continuing the treatment so that the health condition of individual is
improved.
Surveillance:Due to the increased cases of cancer in recent years the healthcare organisation

adopted the strategy of surveillance so that attention can be given to all the patients, This was also
helpful because it also paid attention on people who were likely to have developed signs of cancer.
Q 5 Relationship between the prevalence of disease and requirements of services
Prevalence of a disease is referred as the proportion of a population that is diagnosed with a
particular health problem at a specific time. Generally the prevalence rate is influenced by the
number of new cases reported at a given time with the duration of already prevailing cases of
disease. For example the average life expectancy of patients suffering from cancer was six months.
The main reason for fairly low expectancy was the ineffectiveness of chemo and radiotherapy given
to all the service users. But by inventing new therapy sessions the mortality rate due to cancer was
fairly reduced. Prevalence can be calculated by incidence rate multiplied average duration of
disease. There is a bidirectional link between the prevalence of cancer and requirements of
healthcare services to service users.
 As the prevalence increases the service demanded by all the service users also increases. The
decrease in life expectancy and increase in the incidence of cancer cases has increased
drastically in 5 years.
 According to the prevalence of cancer in recent times, the healthcare professionals are
striving for increasing the life expectancy of cancer patients by 3-5 years.
 The gain and achievement in cancer research has been one of the major objectives of
healthcare organisation. Different countries which are already developed have adopted
effective strategies for delivering broader perspectives of healthcare services so that the
current approaches are justified appropriately.
 Alterations in population structures, ways of providing services and the lifestyle pattern is
also one of the factors which can effectively improve the healthcare services which are
provided to all the service users.
 The requirements of service is also increasing due to the social and economic needs of all
the individuals.

CONCLUSION
The report included a brief introduction on health promotion. Further it also discussed
different types of Research to determine current approaches and priorities to the provision of
services for people with cancer in various countries of the world. Different methods of current
approaches such as primary secondary tertiary and primordial prevention was also added in the
report. Lastly the study concluded a relationship between the prevalence of cancer and requirement
of healthcare services .

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