Analysis of Cannondale Bicycle Design and Production Processes

This report provides a detailed analysis of the design and production of Cannondale bicycles, focusing on a battery-operated model. It begins with an executive summary and table of contents, followed by an introduction to the bicycle's evolution and the company's background. The report then explores customer satisfaction through stakeholder analysis, capturing customer needs using the Kano model, and various data collection methods. Design requirements are discussed, including converting customer needs into design specifications and design risk analysis. The report further covers supplier selection, component identification, and the development of selection criteria. Statistical process control (SPC) is analyzed, including process identification, monitoring, and chart construction. Finally, problem-solving techniques are presented, covering shortcomings, brainstorming, and the use of why-why diagrams and check sheets. The report concludes with a reference list.

Design and Production of Personnel and Burden Carrier
Name of the student
Student Roll No:
Name of the University
Author Note

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Executive Summary:
The study aims to revolve around Cannondale cycle which battery powered and available in
the market to the general users. The main aspect of the study has been able to suggest on the
different types of the ways the product can be manufactured and sold to the respective
consumers.

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Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction:.........................................................................................................................4
2.0 Customer Satisfaction:.........................................................................................................6
2.1. Stakeholders Analysis:....................................................................................................6
2.2. Capturing the Customer:.................................................................................................8
2.3 Customer Needs Analysis through Kano Model:...........................................................11
3.0 Requirement of Design:.....................................................................................................17
3.1. Convert Customer Needs into Design needs.................................................................17
3.2. Design Risk Analysis:...................................................................................................20
4.0 Supplier choice and Evaluation:.........................................................................................23
4.1. Identifying the Components, Elements and Parts:........................................................23
4.2. Developing the Criteria for Supplier Selection;............................................................24
4.3. Usage and Construction of Supplier Selection System:................................................24
4.4. End Outcome of Supplier Selection Process:................................................................26
5.0: Statistical Process Control................................................................................................27
5.1 Process for Identification...............................................................................................27
5.2 Monitor Processing and SPC Charts..............................................................................28
5.3 SPC Chart Construction.................................................................................................31
6.0. Problem Solving:...............................................................................................................33
6.1. Recognizing the Shortcomings and Solving Tools:......................................................33
Structure and Relevance of shortcomings for the Remedies...............................................34

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Analyzing by experts (Brainstorming).................................................................................34
Answering why! (Why-Why diagram)................................................................................35
Preparing a Check-Sheet......................................................................................................35
Reference List..........................................................................................................................37

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1.0 Introduction:
The different types of the context of the report have been able to focus on the
operations of Cannondale Bicycle based in Australia. A bicycle mechanism mainly involves
human powered pedal, single track vehicle. With time the bicycle has seen to undergo several
adaptation and improvement with the initiation of the machine. The various types of the
innovations has been further seen to led to the use of modern materials and the designs which
are seen to be aided by computers. This has been further seen to allow for the proliferation of
specialized bicycle which has depicted several types of the features along with improved
design and comfort in riding. “Cannondale Bicycle Corporation”, is discerned as an
“American division of Canadian conglomerate”. The company has been seen to be
headquartered at Wilton, Connecticut along with the several types of the manufacturing
assembly in China and Taichung, Taiwan (Dobrzykowski et al. 2014).
Dandy horse or Draisienne or Laufmaschine is known as the first human being to
invent the use of two wheels along with Baron Karl von Drais. Drais is responsible to
introduce first public bicycle in public in 1818. The types of the categorization of the bicycle
have been further seen to be based on the use of the gearing system and propulsion. Some of
the common types of the bicycle have been further seen to be based on the hybrid bicycles,
utility bicycles, racing bicycles and touring bicycles. The main discussion of the study will be
able to ensure both mechanical and biological terms. Bicycle designed will be most efficient
in terms of the transportation with energy and expectation to travel the distance. The
mechanical viewpoint has been further seen to save 99% of the energy delivered (Zhao
2014).
The study will focus on the operation of a newly designed battery operated bicycle.
This has been identified as the cordless version of Cannondale which has been seen to be

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made from hard plastic. The main designs of such an engine will device 20V lithium ion
battery. This will allow a speed of 82 MPH, with max air speed. This has been further
identified to provide 146 CFM of the total air volume. Cannondale will be able to offer dual
speed air flow control to regulate the total amount of the pressure needed for working. The
soft grip of the bicycle will be able to provide the users with a comfortable riding experience
(Phan and Chambers 2013).
It has been further seen that the 2A battery will be able to be recharged for providing
power to the engine. The various types of the accessories of the bicycle engine has been seen
to be composed of a nozzle attachment kit. The battery will be taking a total time of 75
minutes for recharging. The over product has been identified to be small and user friendly.
The small kids of even 12-13 years will be also suitable to use the cycle. The motor attached
has been identified as best on class which will be able to provide optimum efficiency. The
20V powered drive engine has been identified as best in class among the cycle
manufacturers. The air flow adjustments will be also able to offer the best service to the
company. The different types of the reviews have been able to obtain the different types of
the functionality and the reliability of the bicycles. The selected company has been further
identified as the reviewing sites which will be able to provide the appropriate functionality
and reliability of the product designed. The company has been itself able to earn a reputable
position for the different types of the research and the designing of the various types the
designs of new line of product has put lots of research and investment. The features of the
product have been further identified to be the best in class and reliable motor. Also the
overall cycle has been designed to be light weighted and easy for use (Katsikopoulos and
Gigerenzer 2013).

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2.0 Customer Satisfaction:
2.1. Stakeholders Analysis:
The efficiency in the planning has been identified to play a key role whether the
business is associated to the production of high-end supercharger or the business of nut bolt.
Quality and customer satisfaction go hand in hand.
 Analysis Chart on Stakeholders
Stakeholder Prospects
Cannondale Department  The investment done on the
research work and profit received for the
same
 Profit venture being shared
Engineers  Technology Improvement

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 Enhancement along with the high
investment
Shareholders  Investment and Profit
 New innovation in technology
Employees  Safety aspect in the working
environment
 Employment status achieved
through increased demand
End User  Toughness and reliability in the
product
 Increased value for money
Suppliers  Improved demand for promotion of
the business needs
 Key providers of business and profit
Retailer  Consistent and dependable products
 Timely product deliverance
Competitors  Value of the competitors product
reduced
 Old technology to lower the

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preference
Concern Groups (World care,
Environment, Human)
 Enhancement of tech group for
sustainability
 Usage of eco-friendly goods
Government Supervisors  Compliance to minimum service
contract periods of the product.
 Adherence to current end user
principles
The above analysis chart on stakeholders represents the various types of the knowledge about
the stakeholders who are seen to be present in the market and what they demand with the
products of the company.
2.2. Capturing the Customer:
This has been associated to the various types of the demands of the customers demand
from a particular product which needs to be answered appropriately. The various types of the
answers can be further seen to be based in the use for the different types the product which
has been associated to the customers themselves. The “Voice of the Customer (VoC)” has
been considered as the methodology which has given the opportunities with the company’s
feedback to listen to the suggestions provided by the common people and knowledge of the
products (Harvey, Heineke and Lewis 2016). Some of the most common form of the listed
methods for knowing about the needs of the customer is:
 Focus group interview

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 Conducting Customer Interviews
 Customer Visits
 Methodologies related to Ethnography
 Complaints raised by the customers
 Survey Questionnaire
The above given methods has been able to provide the specific ways about thinking
perspective of the customers. At present the companies are seen to conduct the research based
on online survey and gather the appropriate knowledge which has been seen to be associated
to taking feedbacks from the customers.
SWOT analysis has a significant role to play for getting customer feedback and gathering of
the important information on the product. It has been further able to provide the information
to the company by highlighting the areas in which it has been seen to be performing well or
needs to cover up with the competitors (Pedraza-Martinez and Van Wassenhove 2016).
Customer Interviews
This has been identified as the main basis for any particular company which proves to
be effective in nature for the feedback process. The questionnaire has been further seen to be
designed based on the different types the specification related to the associated to the true
statement brought out by the customer. Customer interview can take place with group or
single discussion. The interview medium can be further based on the face to face or web chat.
The medium change is not seen to be having any effect on the outcome of the interview.
The various ways in which the questionnaire is prepared is identified to be
independent and taken from the individual platform. This has been further seen to be based

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on the specific set of the questionnaires and the subject related to the satisfaction of the
customers. It has been further seen to be discerned that the customer first comfortable has
been necessary for the database from the company (Rosenhead 2013).
This method has been capable for providing capability of qualitative data and
quantitative data as well. The various types of the circumstances have been further seen to be
based effect of making the report. It has been further worth mentioning, that the scan of these
report may lead to wrong feedbacks at times. Hence, an individual needs to be aware of the
various types of the risk involved in taking into account various factors (Machado et al.
2017).
Survey Questionnaire
This has been identified as the cheapest method to check customer feedback and
interview from the survey questionnaire. These are mainly seen in form of places such as
malls, shopping stops and places where the customer flow is seen to be large in number. The
various types of the media for these changes has been further seen to be based on the
different type the customer interviews and interviews taking place in the smaller market scale
and survey which has been able to provide the various types of the factors which has been
seen to be related to the star rating in term of 5. This has been seen to be related to topic such
as services provided, sales warranty and satisfaction of the customer (Foropon and
McLachlin 2013).
Visit the customer
This has been seen to be directly related to the reach of the consumer product and the
knowledge to review the same. It has been further seen to be quite effective for knowing
about the needs of the customer. The various types of the personal reach have been further

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seen to be based on the different types of the evaluation which has been seen to be based on
customer assurance of the reliability and trust. This practice has been discerned to be time
consuming in nature. It has been further discerned to be subjective and wrong at times (Guide
and Ketokivi 2015).
Focus Groups
This is seen to be based majorly on the survey results of the interview. The focus
group has seen with 5-8 members so that they will be able to assist on the opinion of the
product or services. The individuals are further seen to procure the various types of the
reports from the participant and the qualitative data of the organization. The various
participants involve the survey to discuss on the views on the products. The “Open minded
questions” are useful to get rid of all burden. This has been seen to be different from the
formal report and the interviews which can provide honest review from the customers
(Shepherd and Patzelt 2013).
Ethnographic Methods
The various types of the Ethnographic methods is seen to be effective to capture the
requirements from the customers view. These interviewing methods have been able to
contrast with the interviews and the recording of the activities to interpret the body language
and understand it in a better way. The context with this has been seen with the various types
of the unfamiliar aspects to the customers and this won’t be able to act artificially and in an
honest manner (Bromiley and Rau 2016).
2.3 Customer Needs Analysis through Kano Model:
This can be captured based on the conduction of survey questionnaire. This particular
aspect has been further identified with a 5-step process illustrated below as follows:

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Step 1: Defining of the aims and goals of the survey conducted
 To provide Cannondale and its employees with the basic information for the
customers
 To provide data based on the dissatisfaction and the areas which needs to be improved
 The research team and the information can excel in terms of the future designs and
technology
Step 2: Developing of the survey plan
This has been seen to receive the various public attraction of the survey and
publishing of the same in the web advertisement of Cannondale in the official homepage of
the company. The participant will be able to be acquainted with about the product (Plambeck
2013).

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Let us consider that the least quantity of the survey participants has been seen to be
300 people. The main form of the questionnaire will be further seen to be based on rationale
answering. This will be further able to show unbiased review (Hitt, Xu and Carnes 2016).
The participants will be remaining anonymous and ensure the truth of the report.
Step 3: Designing and testing the questionnaire
The different types of the questions needs to consider that the speed of the cycle and
analyze the use of the same based on several performances.
Attribute Score (1-5)
 Incremental Air flow
 Welding in the joints
 Improving the build quality
 Flexibility of usage
 Improved battery life
 Ease of switching
 Weight ratio and ease of use
 Quality factor
 Power factor
 Adjustability in the rate of flow
 Attachments for nozzle

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 Increase in the nozzle size
 Solution Motor heating
 Power backup
 Low time for charging
 Ease in the maintenance service
 Service kit
 Replacement in the stock part
 High energy motor
 Lower maintenance
 Safety switch for Children
 Lower level of cleansing kit
 Power suction bag
 Integrated protect for heat
 Additional geometric design
The little range of the rating scale has been able to provide the options rationally.
The representation of the various score is presented below as follows:
No need Likely to want Would be better Needed Must do
1 2 3 4 5

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The different types of the questions are seen to be verified before being sent to the
participants. The demo survey has been further able to provide appropriate answering of the
questions which has been seen to be applicable with the subjects (Gunasekaran and Irani
2014).
The predetermined score has been achieved based on the appropriate response which needs to
taken with the proper action.
Musts Wants Extras
Score 1500> 999-1499 <999
Step 4: Carrying out the survey
The various aspect of the questionnaire has been discerned to be distributed and
conducted as per the pointing style of the questions and the answering of the participants for
answering the same.
Step 5: Analysis of the outcomes
A sample of the results is provided below as follows:
Attribute Cumulative Score Avg. Score
 Increased Air flow 1537 4.1
 Weld the joints 1439 3.9

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 Improving the build quality 1583 4.2
 Flexibility of use 1585 4.2
 Improved battery life 1561 4.2
 Ease of switching 1633 4.4
 Weight ratio and ease of use 1657 4.5
 Quality factor 1564 4.6
 Power factor 1534 4.1
 Adjustability in the rate of
flow
1582 4.2
 Nozzle Attachment 1175 3.2
 Increase in the nozzle size 1009 2.7
 Motor heating to be solved 1085 2.9
 Power backup 1205 3.0
 Low time for charging 1225 3.3
 Ease in the preservation
service
1039 2.8
 Servicing Kit 1129 2.9
 Replacement in the stock part 1177 3.8
 High energy motor 1201 3.0

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 Lower continuation 1129 2.9
 Safety switch for Children 913 2.4
 Lower level of cleansing kit 769 3.1
 Power suction bag 721 1.9
 Integrated shield for heat 671 1.8
 Additional geometric design 745 2.0
The different types of the observed results have been conducive in collection of the various
types of the responses and the subjects of the survey. It needs to be decided by the top
requirement which needs to decide on the top management requirement.
3.0 Requirement of Design:
3.1. Convert Customer Needs into Design needs
The different types of the requirement of the customer are brought forward with the
appropriate understanding and needs of the solution. The quality development of the
functional aspects is able to transform the research into reality. The significant used of the
rating scale has been further seen to be based on the average score. The average score has
been identified as the indicator to know about the customer. The score is seen to be
multiplied with 2 and maintain preciseness out of 10. The main preferences with the
requirements is seen to be based on the convenience to use simpler variables (1: weak, 3:
medium, 9: strong). As the relationship value is seen to be designated, the absolute score is

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seen to be obtained by the multiplication of the units. The main resultant QFD is shown
below (Narasimhan 2014).
Customer Expectations
Impor
tance
Ratin
g
Design Requirement
Bi
gg
er
mo
uth
M
ore
he
av
y
mo
tor
Str
on
ger
bui
ld
Ba
tter
y
inc
rea
se
Ea
sy
sw
itc
h
W
eig
ht
B
a
g
s
E
as
y
u
se
Qu
alit
y
im
pro
ve
me
nt
He
ati
ng
iss
ue
so
vin
g
W
A
N
T
S
 Increased Air flow 8 9 9 3
 Welding in the joints 7.6 9 9 9
 Build quality improvement 8.2 9 1
 Flexibility of use 8.2 9 3 1
 Improved battery life 8.2 9 3 3
 Ease of switching 8.6 9 9 9 3 9 3 3
 Weight ratio and ease of use 8.6 1 3 9 9 1 3 1 3

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 Quality factor 8.2 1 9 1
 Power factor 8 9 9
 Adjustability in the rate of flow 8.2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 9 1
M
U
S
T
S
 Attachments for nozzle 6.2 9 9 9 9 9 1 1 1
 Increase in the nozzle size 5.2 9 9 1
 Motor heating to be solved 5.6 1 9 9 1
 Power backup 6.2 9 9 1 1
 Low time for charging 9.4 9
 Ease in the maintenance service 5.4 9 9 9
 Service kit 5.8 9 9 3 1
 Replacement in the stock part 6.2 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
 High energy motor 6.2 3 3 9 3 1
 Lower maintenance 5.8 3 9
E
X
T
R
A
 Safety switch for Children 4.8 3 9 9 9 3
 Lower level of cleansing kit 4 9 9 9
 Power suction bag 3.8 9 9 1
 Incorporated shield for heat 3.6 9 1 3 1
 Additional geometric design 3.8 9 9 9 9 3

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Target
Value Bigger
mouth
Nozzle
More
heavy
motor
20V
Strong
build
Heavy
body
Battery
increas
e
Easy
switc
h
Weight
balance
Bags
acce
ssori
es
Easy
use
Qua
lity Heating
Absolute
Value
475 280 635 2925 3247 528 296 282 178 106
3.2. Design Risk Analysis:
This section has been seen to be based on the risk analysis based on the requirement
of the client for the different types of the existing issues of the market. The understanding of
the requirement of the customer is seen to be based on the customer requirement and
techniques for the risk assessment. The different types of needs of the company have been
further seen to be associated to the modifications in production process. The problems faced
by the companies are determined with the design and weight resolve for the vehicles. This
particular aspect has been seen to be based on the light weightiness and specific changes and
the burden with the carrying capabilities. The increased technology has been considered with
higher vehicle production. The ease in the facility and the functionalities has been durability
of the manufacturing enterprises meeting with the customer needs.
Place Failure Effect on
working
Main
reason
behind the
failure
Risk before
improvement
Steps to
reduce risk
Risk after
improvement
P S R P S R
Motor Overheating Minimize Inappropria 4 3 12 Make sure 1 5 5

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cover d
efficienc
y
te motor
cover
application
that the
motor is
fitted with
appropriate
cooling
ventilation
Rotor Complete
dissipation
Failure of
rotation
for
excess
load
Machine is
seen to
providing
more
power to
the rotor
3 4 10 Make sure
appropriate
rotor is used
1 4 4
Battery Battery
failure
System
not
operating
Failure of
battery to
give energy
4 3 8 Making sure
appropriate
battery is
used of
correct
power
1 5 5
Nozzle Blockage Pressure
not
released
outside
Blockage
of
substance
at nozzle
3 2 6 Usage of
clean
nozzles
1 4 4
Grip Non-
moveable
Non- Fixing of 3 2 4 Usage of
high
1 4 4

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system mobility loose grips standard
glue to fix
Stage Post Causes
1 Very Marginal Ability of the system to work- Lower level of
improvement
2 Very little Ability of the system to work- improvement
which needs to be done
3 Medium Ability of the system to work properly-
involving some improvement in system
4 Quite much Not working- a good improvement must be
done
5 Most Not at all working- problem is major- needs
expert to be solved
Stage Descriptor Probability Description
1 Unlikely <0.019 Very likely to happen
2 Possible 0.020-0.049 At some time, probable
3 Likely 0.050-0.499 50-50 chances

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4 Probable 0.500-0.999 Less chances to happen
5 Highly Probable 1.000 Least chances to happen
4.0 Supplier choice and Evaluation:
4.1. Identifying the Components, Elements and Parts:
Some of the basic parts of the Cannondale which needs to be purchased from the
external suppliers are listed below:
 Lithium-Ion Battery
 Over mold handle
 Air outlet
 Blower Tube
 Ejection Mechanism
 Lock off lever
 Boost button
 Air-velocity Adjustment knob
 Rotor
 Motor

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4.2. Developing the Criteria for Supplier Selection;
The lithium ion battery is seen to be reviewed as per the suppler selection criteria. The
main factors for the selection o the supplier is stated below as follows:
 Records of safety measures
 Time which is to be transferred
 Sustainability of the environment
 Location
 Manufacturing Price
 Reputation of the business
 Quality Material assurance
 Capacity of the product
 Reliability Aspect
 Service facility to the customer
4.3. Usage and Construction of Supplier Selection System:
The important production aspect of the production of Bicycle is limited as per the
comparison with the various types of the other vehicles. This is identified with the resources
made in use for the production purpose. These resources are further seen to be based on the
company and suppliers and the tendency of the market falsification and higher price and the
resources. The selection of the suppliers is considered as per the efficiency and caring for the
suppliers as per the manufacturing requirements. Moreover, the main focus has been shown
with both quality and quantity for production. The maintenance of the production process has
been seen with skilful understanding of the potential suppliers. The companies will be further
able to ensure quality and quantity because of the high risk due to the competitors.
Suppliers

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Selection Weighting Supplier 1 Supplier 2 Supplier 3
Score Weighted Score Weighted Score Weighted
Records of safety
measures
6 8 48 8 48 7 42
Time which is to
be transferred
8 9 72 7 56 8 64
Sustainability of
the environment
6 6 36 6 36 5 30
Location 3 4 12 5 15 6 18
Manufacturing
Price
5 7 35 7 35 8 40
Reputation of the
business
9 6 54 8 72 2 12
Quality Material
assurance
9 6 54 8 72 9 81
Capacity of the
product
8 8 64 6 48 8 64
Reliability Aspect 7 8 56 6 42 7 49
Service facility to
the customer
7 9 63 8 56 6 42
Total 77 496 69 480 64 460

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Table: Checklist on Supplier Selection
4.4. End Outcome of Supplier Selection Process:
The weighted score has been seen to be judged from the different sources of the
suppliers. It has been further discerned that the results were quite similar. In addition to this,
the companies need to make the decisions based on the supplies.
The various types of the consideration for supplier 1 are seen to be leading in nature,
followed by supplier 2 and supplier 3. The scores have been seen to be close and mutually
exclusive. This has been seen to be conducive in decision for selecting supplier 1 as most
suitable.
The consideration of the two suppliers has been seen to be supplier 2 and supplier 3.
The main disadvantage has been considered with lacking of the areas such as lead time,
Reliability and customer service. The various types of the areas are seen to be based on the
crucial needs. As nobody is perfect, the other suppliers will be able to able to improve in the
future in the coming days. The different types of the quality solutions are seen to be based on
the improved quality assertion and safety records in outlook.
5.0: Statistical Process Control
5.1 Process for Identification
1. Design Process: This has been able to confirm the various aspects of process
associated to the looks and design of the cycle and it presentatbility to the customers
in the market. The more presentable is the product, more will be purchases made.

27
2. Supplier selection: This identified as one of the choices which the company needs to
make. The company needs to choose the suppliers and the products for the various
types of the value to money and confirmation of the safety for all. The contacts and
the company will be further able to contact the supplier for the specific needs.
3. Inspecting the supplied goods: This process is seen to be be identified with the types
of the process has been seen to be identified with the manufactured specifications of
the verified goods. The goods should not be withered.
4. Assembling products from different departments: This process will ensure that
adequate arrangement is made for the various types of the supplied goods which
needs to be delivered to the respective departments. This is also inferred with the
respective processes which needs to be conducted for the various types of building
procedure for motor and rotor, which can consist of:
 Paint Job
 Molding of the molds
 Perfection in the sand blasting case
 Quality inspection before product release
 Galvanization
 Raw Materials needed for molding
5. Product Assembling: This process is seen to consist of various parts as a single unit.
After conduction of this step the product can be called as a Cycle.
6. Packaging of the product: The product packing of the cycle should be strong and
handles with care.
7. Distribution: This is referred as wrapping of the product and transporting via trucks
and final delivery of the same to the customers and stores.

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8. Invoicing of the customers: This has been done to ensure so that the customers are
able to receive the product on time.
9. Quality Check of the Product: This process has been seen with the various types the
factors which has been seen to be related to the verification of the product and the
different type of small parts for the functioning of the bicycle.
10. Promotion and Advertising: In this particular process has been seen to be based on the
availability of the market knowledge. It has seen with advertising the product so that
no one will notice the same.
5.2 Monitor Processing and SPC Charts
The various types of the statistical charts have been identified with the broader view of
correct functioning of the activities is necessary. This is important for knowing
production quantitatively.
With the assistance of the figures, an individual will be able to understand the importune
and reliability on certain steps. The company will be able to plan with the various types of
the assigned quality checks at a specific levels and quality of the build. The improvement
of the production quality has been seen with special quality discernment.
The SPC chart will be able to discern the aforementioned aspects:
 Centre line, has been able tell about the average value of production made by the
organizations. This has been further seen to refer to the different types of the
aspects related to the normal production.
 “User Control Limit (UCL) and Lower Control Limit (LCL)”, are seen to be
lying in the border lines of the production. The production needs to be further
based on the various types of the aspects which have been seen to be based on
the control of production.

29
The SPR can be categorised as per the differences in the characters with name, data, and
variable data”.
The attribute data has been further seen to be considered to define the quality factor
and not depicted with the numeric value based on the total instance of the defects observed in
the products. Some of use of the basic control graphs has been shown below with the
following attributes:
• C-chart: This is seen as the plot no. of the defects found in the individual production
sample. As discerned previously, centreline is measured by the mean of the defects and found
at the time of the sample products analyzed. We need to make the comparison based on the
C-chart with other P-chart or Np-chart. It needs to be further discerned the different types of
the aspects of the defective products instead of the defects with the bonus based on the other
ones. For example, the battery has been considered with 4 defects in a particular day. We will
be further able to check for the p-chart with a single defect. The c-chart will be able to show
the true image of the condition in a particular day.
The C-chart will be further able to check for the appropriate working of the steps
which has been able to perform as per the cross checking tool. In case the company does not
consider the doubts, it can take various protective measures or remedies.
 Ẋ and R- chart: This type of chart has been seen with the combination of two charts
which has been able to analyze broader terms. The Ẋ chart has been able to plot the
different types of the mean values and the process which are seen to be based on sub
groups.
Alternatively, R chart will be able to represent the range of values which has been seen in
the chart and taken as per all the sub groups. The range chart has been able to consider the

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various range of the values which has been seen to be based on the average values of the
production and is conducive in judging the abnormalities in the production. The use of the X
charts has been further seen to use the various types of the knowledge which has been based
on the information along with the proper functioning of the process.
 Ẋ chart- This has been seen with different chart one notices. It has been seen to
measures the information based on the sample product and at a particular time. For
example, the radius of the nozzle determines the quality of the character of the
production and the use of the chart will be conducive in addressing the register unit
per day. This will be helpful in identifying the pattern and the knowledge about the
daily production. This is considered as the drawback by using X-Chart and does not
include the quantitative aspects.
 P-chart: This has been seen with the use of plotting the ratio and defective readings
which has taken place in a designated way. The result of this has been seen with the
graph with two components of conformance and non conformance.
This has been conducive in depicting the various process performed by the
tracking of the rationale amount of the defective pieces per time of unit and
comparison of the same average value assigned in the centerline. This graph has been
further seen to be based on the various types of the factors related to the LCL and
UCL directly. The various types of the differences can be further seen based on the
pattern assigned with the control process. The example of production of the no. of
defects has been further seen to be based on the various types of the factors which
have seen to be based on the optimization of the maximum performance.
 Np-chart: This chart when compared to the P-Chart will deliver totally different
results. This particular chart has been seen to represent the total number of the defects

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which are seen to be manufactured with the various types of the fixed samples of the
products. The consideration of the LCL and the UCL has been further seen to be
based on the different types of the discernments with the fixed subgroups. This has
been identified to be quite significant in nature and the fact that the graph does not
allow for the ratio of the defective products in a particular sample of the product.
The Np- Chart has been further useful for keeping track of the total no. of the defectives
and checking of the pattern of the production along linking of context to check stability
through LCL and UCL.
5.3 SPC Chart Construction
The increasing nature of the no. of defective battery has been useful in finding the
SPC chart with the fixed sample of the products. Cannondale cycle has used the p-charts to
run its SPC programs. The various types of the outcomes has been seen to be discerned on a
total period of 15 days.
x n p ṗ UCL LCL
Week
No. 1
1 18 94 0.2000 0.1950 0.3200 0.0700
2 17 95 0.1790 0.1950 0.3170 0.0730
3 17 91 0.1790 0.1950 0.3170 0.0730
4 17 93 0.1830 0.1950 0.3180 0.0720
Week
No. 2
5 19 91 0.2090 0.1950 0.3200 0.0700
6 18 92 0.1960 0.1950 0.3190 0.0710
7 22 90 0.2440 0.1950 0.3200 0.0700

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8 17 92 0.1850 0.1950 0.3190 0.0710
9 19 90 0.2110 0.1950 0.3200 0.0700
10 17 91 0.1870 0.1950 0.3200 0.0700
Week
No. 3
11 17 93 0.1830 0.1950 0.3180 0.0720
12 17 93 0.1830 0.1950 0.3180 0.0720
13 18 91 0.1980 0.1950 0.3200 0.0700
14 20 95 0.2110 0.1950 0.3170 0.0730
15 19 95 0.2000 0.1950 0.3170 0.0730
Ʃp 2.9260
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
p
ṗ
UCL
LCL
The P-chart shown above states that the batteries as seen to be running as desired by
the company. In addition to this, the total production has been able to fulfil the requirement of
the mean production as the value never drops below the line of mean deviation and the

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production is not seen to be lacking behind. The total defective piece is seen to lie between
UCL and LCL to state the accuracy of the production unit.
6.0. Problem Solving:
6.1. Recognizing the Shortcomings and Solving Tools:
The operating Lithium Ion batteries have been seen with the risks of some problems:
 Overheating
 Not turning on the system
 Explosion
 Catching of fire
 Meltdown
The main remedial tool has been suggested with the solving with following ways:
 Cause and Effect
 Brainstorming
 Why-Why diagram
 Pareto diagram
 Gantt Chart to check the process flow
 Check sheet analysis
 Compilation of working flowchart

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Structure and Relevance of shortcomings for the Remedies
Overheating can be one solution from which many problems can be corrected
Analyzing by experts (Brainstorming)
This has been referred as trying to focus on the various reasons. These are seen to sum
up to the ideas and solution needs to be found out.
Shortcomings(s): Overheating
Rationale(s):
1. No proper battery installation
2. Over charged batteries installed
3. Liberation of High energy
4. Machine usage being excessive
5. Fault in batteries from suppliers
Answering why! (Why-Why diagram)
This has been seen with understanding “why” the problem happened in the first place.
When this scenario is considered the same question is asked to the individuals a number of
times.
Preparing a Check-Sheet
The verification and the identification is seen as the root cause of the problem. The
main problems of Cannondale cycle has been seen with the major problem of overheating
batteries.
The following table has been seen to show the given case:

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Root cause Occurrence Absolute
%
Accumulative%
Not proper installation of battery 25 16.75 16.75
Over charged batteries installed 17 11.39 28.14
High release of energy 15 10.05 38.19
Excess use of machine for prolonged duration 10 6.7 44.89
Total 67 44.89
Pareto Analysis
In this case the various types of the reasons behind the problems needs to be
established. This is seen to focus on some of the basic reason for the cause of the problem.
The result derived analysing all the sector has been taken into consideration based on 3
sectors which needs to be considered. The 3 sectors compose of 75% of the overall problem
and the same has been represented with the first over others.

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