MOD003325 Anglia Ruskin: Car-Free City Center Impact Analysis Report

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the impacts of creating car-free city centers, focusing on the economic, environmental, and social dimensions. It examines the potential benefits, such as reduced pollution and enhanced public health, alongside challenges like economic impacts on the automobile industry and initial public acceptance. The report discusses the economic impacts, including effects on employment, taxpayer costs, and businesses, highlighting the need for government intervention to mitigate negative consequences. It also delves into the environmental impacts, emphasizing the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and noise pollution, while acknowledging the environmental costs associated with construction. Furthermore, the report explores the social impacts, considering public health, demographic shifts, and crime rates. Recommendations are provided to maximize the benefits and minimize the challenges of implementing car-free city initiatives, including public awareness campaigns, promotion of electric vehicles, affordable public transport, and environmentalist involvement. The conclusion underscores the significant contribution of car-free cities to environmental sustainability and overall urban development.

Academic and
Professional Skills

Executive Summary
With the increasing pollution around the globe, pollution created by the car is considered
to be the major reason behind that. A car-free city is referred to the city zones that mainly depend
on public transport and avoid using any kind of vehicles or cars. This largely contributes to the
sustainability of the environment effectively and efficiently. The main purpose of the report is to
effectively analyze the impact of making the city center car-free. This report also focuses on
determining the ways of maximizing the benefits and minimizing the challenges of creating a
city center car-free. Additionally, the environmental and social impacts are also analyzed in this
report.

Table of Contents
Executive Summary.........................................................................................................................2
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................1
Main Body.......................................................................................................................................1
The Economic Impacts....................................................................................................................1
The environmental Impacts..............................................................................................................2
The social Impacts ..........................................................................................................................3
Recommendation.............................................................................................................................4
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................5
References ......................................................................................................................................6

Introduction
A car-free city is a population centre that mainly depends on public transport, walking, or
cycling for transport in the urban area. The carfree zones are also referred to as the area of the
city or town where any kind of vehicle is restricted to effectively contribute to the sustainability
of the environment (Barry, 2020). With increasing pollution around the globe is largely
impacting the environment and the car or any other vehicles are majorly responsible for this as
carbon dioxide, nitrogen and various other exhaust fumes leads to causing serious health issues
for all the living creatures around the globe as well as largely creating climate issues. The car-
free city is a great example of a place where the public largely depends on public transport rather
than using any kind of vehicle or car. The car-free zones is a kind of city where the public
depends on using electric and eco-friendly vehicles (Whitley, 2019). There are various
stakeholders present that largely contribute to making the city centre car fee leading to contribute
to the sustainability of the environment. The various stakeholders include government,
environmentalists, and other interested people. The government bodies play an essential role in
making the city car-free through effectively carrying out proper research and making required
strategies for handling excess use of personal cars in the city and motivating the public to use
public transport more. Also, the environmentalist plays a huge role in making the city car-free
through creating awareness regarding environmental sustainability among the general public as
well motivating them to use public transport. This report covers the impact of creating a city
center car-free, along with the economic impact in terms of impact related to employment, the
cost to the taxpayer, and impact on businesses is also highlighted in this report. In addition to
this, the environmental impact and social impact along with the recommendation for further
improvement are also highlighted in this report.
Main Body
The Economic Impacts
An economic impact analysis is referred to determining the impact of an event in a
particular area. It enables to analyse the change in organization revenue, individual personal
wages, and overall employment. Any kind of environmental change directly impacts the growth
and development of an economy. The increasing environmental concerns and pollution around
the globe are creating an immense economic impact (Phillips Galloway and Uccelli, 2019). For
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example, in the case of Madrid, restricting access to the cars to the city centre directs results in
enhancing consumers spending by around 9.5% on main shopping streets and by 3.3% across all
the country. But it is determined that restricting the use of cars and vehicles heads to cutting the
employment rate in the automobile sectors as the general public will shift towards the use of
public transport heading to an impact on the operations and profitability of the automobile
industry (Lin, 2018) .
Taxes mainly contribute to the gross domestic products of any country, enhancing the
growth and development of the economy, raising the standards of living, enhancing job creation,
and so on. Tax drives to cutting growing demand through improving the disposable income and
through encouraging the business organization to hire and invest effectively. The automobile
industry is effectively considered a huge taxpayer contributing to the growth and development of
the economy. The shift from the automobile industry to the eco-friendly and electric vehicle can
impact the profitability of the automobile industry (Chassidim, Almogand Mark, 2018).
There is also a large economic influence on the business organization has been seen with
the growing car-free city initiative. One of the major impacts has been seen on the automobile
industry, as the use of general transport and restricting access to personal transport will rightly
affect the performance and profitability of the automobile industry. Influence on the automobile
industry directly strikes the growth and improvement of the economy as well influencing the
employment level. The government should take corrective measures while implementing such
incentives in the city (Weller, 2019).
The environmental Impacts
A car-free city will make a tremendous influence on the environment efficiently in terms
city's carbon footprint and sustainability, pollution, and climate outcome as well as the result of
any kind of construction work needed to be done effectively.
The major environmental consequence involves a decrease in the emissions of
greenhouse gases and enhancement in the noise pollution effectively. Generally on the small
scale main purpose of the ban on the cars leads to making the place safer for walking, cycling
and even for socializing also prominent to lessen the air and noise pollution in the city as well.
Limiting or reducing the access to the car by the public in the city centre can lead to a fall in
nitrogen oxide and carbon dioxide. It assist the city to subsidise to the sustainability of the
environment efficiently. Additionally, even motorcycles and trucks mainly account for mainly
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1/5th of almost the United states CO2 emissions. So the car-free city would help in handling these
issues and contribute to the sustainability of the environment (Quinnand Buzzetto-
Hollywood,2019).
Cars are considered to be the major contributor to global climate changes by emitting
around 20 pounds of greenhouse gas into the atmosphere for around every gallon of gasoline
burned. The less number of private cars in the city will reduce the noise pollutions. Reduction in
noise pollution will help in improving public health. It is also analyzed that car pollution
relatively contributes to climate change, which is effects from a build-up of the greenhouse gases
around the atmosphere. Burning of the fossil fuels in vehicles guides to the discharge of carbon
dioxide, which is one of the major sources of greenhouse gas emissions. A car-free city helps in
reducing noise pollution as well as effectively contributing to controlling the increasing climate
changes as well.
The growing environmental impact such as waste, noise, dust, waste, air pollution, water
pollution, land use, operations with hazardous emission, and so on. A large amount of waste is
generated from the construction task, labors camps, every construction project is largely
impacting the environment. Every construction project results in the emission of carbon dioxide,
methane, and other waste material that leads to polluting the air and creating global climate
changes. For example, the global cement industry contributes to around 5% of global carbon
dioxide. As well as fuel and electricity are also the leading contributors (Whiteand King, 2020).
The social Impacts
There is a large number of social impacts that have been recognized with the growing use
of cars and pollution caused by them. Issues regarding the health of the general public that has
been recognized. As well as the growing noise pollution is also directly impacting the health of
the general public. But the promoting the car-free initiative will help in reducing and handling all
these issues and contribute to the sustainability of the environment. Initially, any kind of change
takes a lot for the general public to accept and work towards it effectively. Accepting these
changes has been a huge task for the general public due to lack of convenience, but creating
strong awareness regarding environmental protection helps in moving the general public towards
banning access to private vehicles (Suntheimerand Wolf, 2020). It will help as a city to
effectively contribute to the growth and development of the whole city as well as contribute
towards the sustainability of the environment.
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Promoting a car-free city will also enable in creating a better city free from any kind of
pollution and health issues. It will also lead to impact on the demographic areas as there will be
the impact of an aging population, it is determined that by 2025 there will only be around two
working-age people on every elderly person in Europe. It is essential to move towards a car-free
city to make the city better and move towards growth and success effectively (Öncül, 2020).
There is also social impact in terms of changes in the crime rates, crime is considered to
be a major part of society, it costs and affects almost all to some extent and degree. There are
mainly five areas of social risk factors for the involved in the crime such as family, education,
economics, community, and peers. The use of public transport will create a sense of feeling safe
among the public thus can lead to reducing the risk of crime in the public (Boon, 2020).
Recommendation
To effectively maximize the benefits and minimize the challenges various
recommendations can be taken into consideration as mentioned below:
 It is recommended that to move the public towards the use of public transport and avoid
using personal vehicles proper awareness regarding the increasing concern of the
environmental factors needs to be promoted among the general public by the
shareholder's parties. The various social media campaigns can be taken into consideration
to create awareness regarding saving the environment from any kind of toxic gages and
pollution. Restricting access to personal vehicles will help in dealing with these issues in
the city. Even social media platforms can be taken into consideration to raise awareness
among the general public.
 It is also recommended that the use of electric and eco-friendly vehicles should be
promoted in the city as this will help in reducing pollution in the city. Major shareholder
party that is government bodies should take corrective measures as well as implement
strict rules and regulations for the general public for using electric and eco-friendly
vehicles as well as restrict on using any kind of car and vehicles in the city. Using
campaigns awareness regarding the impact of vehicles on public health can be created
effectively.
 It is also recommended that to promote the car-free city, the use of public transport
should be promoted through collecting less amount of fair from the general public. The
government should ensure that less amount of fair is being fixed on traveling by any local
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or general transport. It will help in attracting and encouraging the public to use more
general transport and avoid using personal transport in the city.
 In addition to this, another recommendation that can be taken into consideration by
shareholders such as environmentalist is to take proper actions in regards to promoting
sustainability in the environment. The environmentalist will play a major role in the
welfare and sustainability of the environment. So environmentalists can take corrective
actions in promoting a car-free city as well as promoting the use of electric and eco-
friendly vehicles.
Conclusion
From the above report, it has been concluded that car fee city largely contributes towards
the sustainability and welfare of the environment effectively. It helps in controlling several issues
such as controlling noise pollution in the city and as well as contributing to the reduction of
carbon emission. It also helps in the overall growth and development of the city and effectively
contributes to the development of the economy. This report helps in analyzing that the use city
center car-free leads to creating a positive impact on the country in terms of environmental
impact. This report also helps in determining the economic impact in terms of employment, the
cost to the taxpayers as well as the result on the business. Also, moving towards a car-free city
helps in reducing carbon footprint as well as reducing the noise pollution as well as analyzed in
this report. The social impact in terms of public response to change as well as changes in the
demographic of areas and crime rates is also analyzed in this report along with the
recommendation that can be considered for further enhancement.
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References
Books and Journals
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skills to navigate a medical experience as the patient. Journal of medical imaging and
radiation sciences, 51(1), pp.47-53.
Boon, E.T., 2020. Self-regulated learning skills of prospective music teachers in Turkey.
International Journal of Music Education, 38(3), pp.415-430.
Chassidim, H., Almog, D. and Mark, S., 2018. Fostering soft skills in project-oriented learning
within an agile atmosphere. European Journal of Engineering Education, 43(4), pp.638-
650.
Lin, H.K., 2018. Critical Skills and Knowledge Requirements of Data Process for Academic
Investigation. International Journal of Kansei Information, 9(1), pp.15-19.
Öncül, G., 2020. Defining the need: digital literacy skills for first-year university students.
Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education.
Phillips Galloway, E. and Uccelli, P., 2019. Examining developmental relations between core
academic language skills and reading comprehension for English learners and their
peers. Journal of Educational Psychology, 111(1), p.15.
Quinn, K. and Buzzetto-Hollywood, N., 2019. Faculty and Student Perceptions of the
Importance of Management Skills in the Hospitality Industry. Interdisciplinary Journal
of E-Learning & Learning Objects, 15.
Suntheimer, N.M. and Wolf, S., 2020. Cumulative risk, teacher-child closeness, executive
function and early academic skills in kindergarten children. Journal of school
psychology, 78, pp.23-37.
Weller, S., 2019. Academic practice: Developing as a professional in higher education. Sage.
White, E. and King, L., 2020. Shaping scholarly communication guidance channels to meet the
research needs and skills of doctoral students at Kwame Nkrumah University of Science
and Technology. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 46(1), p.102081.
Whitley, R., 2019. On the nature of managerial tasks and skills: their distinguishing
characteristics and organization (pp. 337-352). Routledge.
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